名词性从句讲解.ppt

1、从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句及同位语从句，因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词；定语从句有称为形容词性从句；因为从句功能相当于形容词，而状语从句则称为副词性从句，因为从句功能相当于副词 。,名词性从句,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The A

2、ppositive Clause),引导词： 主要有that，which， when， where， who(m), whose， how， why，if whether 等,宾语从句,宾语从句,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ 2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的

3、定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。,3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这

4、笔钱吗？ 4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？,用合适的连接词填空,1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom） 3. She said _ it wouldnt m

5、atter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）,why,who,that,how,how soon,宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, supp

6、ose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I dont think he will lie to me. 我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I dont think we should lend him money.,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面

7、。that不能省.,宾语从句的时态,含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。,2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The children didnt know w

8、ho he was孩子们不知道他是谁。,3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。,Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. rise B. rises C. ros

9、e D. risen,3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the neare

10、st railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station,5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives,6. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D.

11、did bought,表语从句,在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.,注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。,问题是它是否值得做。,The question is whether it is worth doing.,注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”,It appears that they are in need of help. It happened that he had no money on him. It

12、 seems that he doesnt like living here. It turned out that two people had been killed in the accident.,That house is _ the garden tools are stored. The reason I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here. That was _ they had made the mistake. Everything in the room is _ it was ten years

13、ago. The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future.,where,that,how,what,that,6. What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow. 7. That was _ they didnt pay much attention to the teacher in class. 8. My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday pr

14、esent. 9. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour. 10. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us.,whether,why,that,whether,that,在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,he will come

15、 here on Wednesday is not certain.,That,主语从句,Whether,What he said is not true. Who broke the window has not been found out. How he escaped is still a mystery. Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.,Exercise 1 _ she said puzzled him. _ she said such a thing puzzled him. _ we should send to t

16、ake part in the party is to be discussed. _ they dont want to drop the plan is clear. _ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.,What,Why,Whom/who,That,How,Whether,Exercise 2,_ (她离开他) cut him to the cut. _ (月球上没有生命) is known to all.

17、 _ (我在会议上说的) must be kept secret. _ (是否这件事是真的) remains a question. _ (我们什么时候开会) is to be discussed.,That she left him,That there is no life on the moon,What I said at the meeting,Whether it is true,When we will have the meeting,That he cant attend the party is a pity. It is a pity that he cant atten

18、d the party. How much money is needed is hard to say. It is hard to say how much money is needed.,it 做形式主语的主语从句,Exercise 3,It is a wonder _ you werent injured. It is still unknown _ and _ this took place. It makes no difference to me _ he is rich or poor. It is not yet decided _ is to take her place

19、 as secretary. It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas. It doesnt matter _ you are going to do it.,that,when,where,whether,who,that,whether,Exercise 4,你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。 他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？ 据说我们清明节要放三天假。 4. 他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。,It is a pity that you missed the new movie yesterday.,Is it true that the

20、y are going to set up a new hospital here?,It is said that well take three days off on Tomb Sweeping Day.,It isnt important to me whether he can make a lot of money.,同位语从句,在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that

21、来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。,他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。,He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，

22、而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,同位语从句,定语从句,表语从句,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位语从句,定语从句,表语从句,The suggestion _is worth considering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。,that students should learn something practical,Dad made a promise _ _,that he would buy _,me CD player if I passed the Engl