2011届高三英语语法填空解题技巧

1、2011届高三英语语法填空解题技巧 -董华敏,.语法填空题空格设计,纯空格,有提示词,给出了动词的试题,词类词义转换题,谓语动词，非谓语动词, 词类转换,名词，形容词，副词， 形容词或副词的比较级 或最高级,介词，连词，代词，冠词， 从句引导词，情态动词， 强调助动词等,一、纯空格试题的解题技巧,例1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second.,it,技巧1 ：主句缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）。,例2. Whenever he was discou

2、raged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child _ had put it there.,who,技巧1：定语从句缺主语或宾语，一定是填适当的关系词，如：who, that, which, whom。,例3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke (br

3、eak) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to should have the honor of receiving me,who,技巧1：名词性从句缺主语或宾语，根据句子意思填适当的词，如：who/ whom谁， which哪一个/些, what东

4、西/话/地方, whoever, whichever, whatever, whomever,技巧2：定语从句 缺地点状语用_, 缺时间状语用_，缺原因状语用_。,例4. While she was getting me settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _there was a garage.,where,why,when,

5、where,例5. It is said that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. _ he was discouraged or faced with difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful girl.,When/Whenever,例6. ._ old you are, its not to

6、o late to make your life more interesting.,However,技巧2：状语从句 缺地点状语用_, 缺时间状语用_， 缺原因状语用_， 缺方式状语用_。,where/wherever,when/ whenever,why,how / however,技巧3：名词前面 若没有限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是填限定词。,例7. It is said that _ short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(920-1279)was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow

7、up quickly.,his,a,技巧4 ：介词 的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。,例8. The little girl looked _ at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: “Daddy, its not empty. I blew kisses into it _ it was all full.” The father was crushed. He fell _ his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to f

8、orgive him for his unnecessary anger.,up,until,on,例9. Two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.,and,技巧4 ：两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连接词，可能是填连词。,例10. all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sen

9、se of what life is all about.,and,技巧4 ：同一个主语发出两个或几个动作，且时态一致，中间没有连词，一定是填连词。,例11. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.,before,技巧4 ：若两句（一个主谓关系算一句）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。,例12. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt

10、very happy.,but,例13 What is acceptable in one country_be considered extremely rude in another. 例14 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.,may,did,技巧5：若结构完整， 空格后的谓语动词是原型，且又与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很有可能是填_或 _ 。,情态动词,表示强调或倒装的助动词（do,does,d

11、id等）,例15 _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精). 例16 _ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 例17 as _ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists.,it,Only,技巧6：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词,it,例18 Dating sites also make _ easy to av

12、oid someone whom you are not interested in. 例19 This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against the donkey. 例20 Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays.,it,that,技巧6：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词,than,例21 It is said that _ used to be a theatre h

13、ere.,there,技巧6：由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词,例22 One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.,that,These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored 1 tubes, then on transistors2 later on very small chips. As 3 result I tot

14、ally changed 4 shape. 5 I have grown older I have also grown smaller. 6 time my memory has developed so much that,7 an elephant, I never forget 8 I have been told! And my memory became 9 large that even I couldnt believe 10 !,纯空格试题巩固练习：,in,and,a,my,As,Over,like,anything/what,it,so,二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧,（一

15、） ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要瞻前顾后。,例1. The first card _ (design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor.,was designed,例2. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.,closed,例3. All

16、 over the world, people move from place to place. More and more people_ (leave) towns and farms to move to cities. This movement (move) to cities is called urbanization.,are leaving,例4. Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. Also the industry _ (produce) cars th

17、at pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days.,is producing,例5. Nobody knows what _(happen) if she had refused to pay.,would have happened,例6. His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children _(play) with joyous abandon.,played,例7. The happiest (ha

18、ppy) of people dont necessarily (necessary)have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that _(come) along their way.,comes,例8. .The country life he was used to _ （change ）greatly since the opening policy.,has changed,例9. The international agreement, intended to encourage child

19、ren not to smoke and _ (help) people kick the habit, _ (sign) on February 27 last summer.,help,was signed,（二） ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。,例10. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.,to memorize,例11. _(spe

20、ak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,Speaking,技巧1 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing / being done形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用to do / to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；用having done / having been done表示已发生。,例12. _(complet) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,To complete,例14. Some pe

21、ople say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(success).,to succeed,技巧2：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。,例13. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations.,to pass,例15. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.” 例16. The headm

22、aster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.,saying,技巧3 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词；与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。,followed,例17. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film.,learned,技巧4 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。与所修饰的名词是主动关系使用现在分词；与所修饰的名词是被动关系使用过去

23、分词。,starting,例18. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.,例19. At 9:07pm, Sept.25, The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March -F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou VII is Chinas third manned space venture since October 23, when it joi

24、ned Russia and the United States as the only countries _(send) astronauts itno space.,技巧5 ：名词前有 first, second,last, only修饰时，后面要用to do / to have done 做后置定语。,to have sent,the only,例20. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _（repair） go wrong again.,技巧6 ：固定结构如： have sth. don

25、e , the way to do 等。,repaired,例21. Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work )out the problem.,to work,巩固练习,I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first 38_ (go) to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge. Peter _ (leave) for London on business upon my

26、 arrival, so I didnt see him. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage. I went down there, _ (pay) my penny and got a receipt.,paid,is being repaired,had left,go,5.There, 40_ (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five penniesher tip! 6.I then noticed

27、that I had just 10 minutes left 40_ (complete) the test! 7.My pupils, 40_ (include) Donnie, adored her. 8.It remains _ (see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.,to complete,placed,to be seen,including,（三）词类转换题的解题技巧,例1 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down fr

28、om his big blue eyes. 例2 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 例3 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.,silent,技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用 形容词形式。,dangerous,interested,词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在 句中的成分。,例4 When Chinas ancient scient

29、ific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 例5 instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading 例6 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

30、,achievements,information,operation,技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语， 用名词形式。,技巧3：在形容词性物主代词后， 或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。,例7 As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I found that 例8 There must be something 40_ (serious) wrong with our society. 例9Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifest

31、yles leave them little time,closely,mainly,seriously,技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子， 作状语，用副词形式。,例10 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no knowledge is _ (use). 例11 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,useless,unnec

32、essary,技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查 具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后 逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等， 在词根后加-less等。,技巧6：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。,例12there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist35_ (attract) 例13The other frog went on jumping a

33、s hard as he couldHe jumped even 36_ (hard) and finally made himself out.,attraction,harder,词类转化题巩固练习,1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_(rude). 2.One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English teacher 3.39_ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minut

34、es left .! 4.It was his 32_ (nine) year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was angry. 5.As far as I am concerned, my 37_ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook. 6.It would be _ (believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.,ninth,rudely,worst,suggestion,Unfortunately,unbelievable,根据语义, 确定词形,分析句子,确定词性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实