3.直接引语和间接引语.ppt

1、直接引语和间接引语,一、概念 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序。例如： 直接引语：He said，“I want to have a drink now.” 间接引语：He said that he wanted to have a drink then.,二、变身方法 1. 人称变化： 口诀：一主二宾三不变。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句

2、的宾语,第三人称一般不变。 1）He said, “I get on well with people here.”He said that he got on well with people there. 2）Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”Susan said that they could finish the work the next day. 3）John said, “Mary went to Beijing three days ago.”John said that Mary had gone to Beijing

3、 three days before.,2.时态变化： 口诀：主句现在从不变，主句过去从顺延。即如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态或过去完成时 He said, “ I get up early every morning.” He said that he got up early every morning. (一般现在时一般过去时) 2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.” She said she was working on

4、 a homework project. (现在进行时过去进行时) 3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.” She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般过去时过去完成时),注意：在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变: 1) 直接引语叙述的是科学真理客观事实格言等例如:“The moon moves around the earth,” the teacher said to the students. The teacher told the students

5、that the moon moves around the earth. 2) 直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语例如:“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said. Jack said John went to Paris by air in 1985.,3. 状语和指示代词的变化： 牢记：this/thesethat /those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere等。 例如

6、：He said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day. 4.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： He asked me, “Do you like playing football?” He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.,5.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如： My

7、sister asked me, “How do you like the film?” My sister asked me how I liked the film.,6.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如： The captain ordered, “Be quiet.” The captain ordered us to be quiet. 注意：下列情况的否定句中，在动词不定式前加not。 My teacher asked me, “Dont laugh.” My teacher asked

8、me not to laugh.,课堂训练 1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the

9、west.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met her _ _ _.,he,ate,told,had found his,she had taken,rises,goes,told,had,the day before,6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her _ _ _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he_ sit there. 1