动词时态 Tenses.pptx

1、动词时态Tenses,定义与结构,英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 时态，包含：时（时间）；态（状态）。 时间包含四种：现在，过去，将来，过去将来。 状态包含四种：一般，进行，完成，完成进行。,英语时态的16种形式,一般时,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来一般时,一般现在时,表示经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。 常见的时间状语如always, often, usually, sometimes, everyday等 主 +

2、 do + sth 第一、二人称 + 动词原形(are, do, have) 主 第三人称+动词第三人称形式(is, does, has) 例：I am a student. I have a brother. Where do you live? They get up at 6 oclock every day. He has a cellular. She often goes to bed much late.,由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句亦可用现在一般时表经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。 Eg： 1

3、) When I come across a new word I consult the English dictionary. 2) Do exercises while the sun shines. 3) One is not guilty until he is proved. 4) Please call me as soon as you come back.,一般现在时,连词if 引导的条件从句有时亦可用现在一般时表经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。 Eg: 1）If you speak slowly, I understand. If you speak quickly, I

4、 dont. 2）If you dont like it you may lump it.,一般过去时,表示过去某一时间发生的动作或 存在的状态。（ago, yesterday, last week, in those day, in 1990, etc) 主 + did + sth Eg: I was a teacher 3 years ago. He did a good thing yesterday. We had a good time last Summer in Beijing. They worked too late last Sunday.,用于since从句。主句的谓语动

5、词如用现在完成时，其后接的since引导的从句一般用过去一般时。 Eg: 1) You havent changed much since we last met. 2) Its been over a year since I came back from the countryside.,一般过去时,一般将来时,表单纯的将来的事实。 常见状语如：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, etc Eg. I will go to see the doctor tomorrow. It is going to rain tonight. I shall atten

6、d the party.,进行时,现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时,现在进行时,表现在（即说话人的说话时刻）正在进行的动作。（now, at present, at these moment, etc) Eg. 1)What are you doing now? -I am doing nothing at present. 2)The telephone is ringing, would you answer it, please?,过去进行时,表过去某一时间正在进行的动作。常见状语：ago, yesterday, etc Eg: 1) They were expecti

7、ng you yesterday. 2) Oh, I was talking to myself.,将来进行时,表将来某一时间正在进行的动作。（与进行时的时间一样） Eg: Ill be meeting you at the station. Well be taking my holiday soon.,过去将来进行时,表过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。 Eg: She said she would be settling off on the 10. I never realized that some day I would be living in China.,完成时,现在完成时 过

8、去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时,现在完成时,表动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果，而这种影响或结果却往往是讲话人的兴趣所在。其表的动作离说话人的时刻可近可远。,Eg: 1) The car has arrived. 2) Someone has broken the door. 3) They have gone to the moon.,过去完成时,表动作在过去某一时间以前完成，也就是发生在“过去的过去”。,Eg. 1) I had forgotten. 2) We hadnt foreseen the roads were full of people. 3) No sooner

9、had we left the house than it began to rain. 4) I had not gone much farther before I caught them up.,将来完成时,表将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。,Eg: 1) Before long, he will have forgotten all about the matter 2) Will you soon have finished the work. 3) When I have done that, I shall have done all I was sup

10、posed to.,过去将来完成时,在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。,Eg: 1) They would have arrived by four oclock. 2) The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir. 3) He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.,完成进行时,现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时,现在完成进行时,表动作从过去某一

11、时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。这个时态多用于无限动词。如：live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study, etc. (at this time, this week, all night, recently, etc),Eg: 1) Ive been writing letters all this morning. 2) He is ill.Hes been lying in the bed for three days. 3) How long have you been living here? 4) My mot

12、her has been teaching English for twenty years. 5) I have been bidding goodbye to some places today.(repetition),现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,表动作在过去某一时间之前开始一直延续到这一过去时间。其必须以过去一时间为前提。,Eg: 1) I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 2) Theyd only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 3)

13、He was tired.Hed been working all day. 4) The doctor asked what he had been eating.,Eg: 1) I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 2) Theyd only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 3) He was tired.Hed been working all day. 4) The doctor asked what he had been eating.,将来完成进行时,表动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。常和表将来某一时间的状语连用。,Eg: 1) I shall have been working here in the factory for one year. 3) The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months.,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时,表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。,Eg: 1) He said that by the end of the