Unit2致用英语综合教程3第二单元

1、War and peace,Unit 2,Second Edition,Unit 2,Warm-up,At the end of World War , Japanese government ignored the ultimatum issued by the USA and its allied countries. In order to force Japan to surrender, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which killed as m

2、any as 260,000 people by the end of 1945. These are to date the only attacks with nuclear weapons in the history of warfare. Watch the video and answer the following questions.,Reading A,Pre-reading Tasks,Reading Comprehension,After-reading Tasks,Pre-reading Tasks,Do you know the wars in Iraq and Af

3、ghanistan? What were the consequences of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan?,Reading Comprehension,1. Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan find little ethical defence in the “just war”. Each of us struggles to make peace with our actions. In trying to understand the ongoing suicide epidemic among soldiers

4、 and veterans, a third factor in addition to physical injuries and PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) is now being discussed: the moral injuries they bring back. 2. During my officer training at Sandhurst in the UK, I was taught that fighting powerthe ability to operate in the warcould be broken

5、down to three mutually dependent components: physical (the means to operate), conceptual (the ideas behind how to operate), and moral (the ability to get people to operate).,Translation,The lonely soldier and the moral scars of war,Para. 12,Reading Comprehension,3. After leaving theatres of war, sol

6、diers had been affected to different degrees in those three areas, each of which influences their ability to operate once home. The physical and conceptual components are both too apparent: the soldier who had his testicles blown off or who woke up screaming at night. Moral scars, though less notice

7、able, have a way of cutting deep, also. And they are not negated as easily as many suppose.,Translation,Para. 34,4. During the ensuing firefight with the Taliban, a soldier spotted a girlhe reckoned a four-year- oldon the roof of an Afghan compound, holding a mobile phone to her ear. He assessed she

8、 was a Taliban mortar fire controller, directing intense enemy fire onto his patrol position; they were pinned down as a result. He radioed a jet and directed it to drop a bomb onto the girl and the building.,Reading Comprehension,Translation,Para. 59,5. “I did what I had to do,” he told me. 6. Not

9、such an easy one for armchair moralists to call. Countless soldiers returned with such experiences on their consciences. 7. “Im no longer the good person I once thought I was,” wrote Timothy Kudo, an ex-US Marine Corps captain, of life after an Afghanistan tour and ordering the deaths of others. He

10、nails a dilemma most veterans face: the only people who can forgive us are dead. 8. Soldiers seek justification for their actions in the aftermath, when reflection is afforded. An obvious source for justificationas well as inspiring many to join the militaryis the notion of acting on the “right side

11、”, being part of a broader effort to do some good. But try sustaining that narrative after tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. I couldnt. 9. “The killing of children can never be justified,” wrote Kurt Vonnegut, after he experienced the Dresden bombing.,Reading Comprehension,10. Regardless of numbers kil

12、led before, soldiers can feel morally bankrupt facing up to the tally they carry. Each death shames us, eroding our claim to a shared humanitywhich isnt a concept that evaporates by joining the military. 11. Soldiers and veterans are keenly aware of the ethical damage of war which theyve instigated,

13、 each in their own way. Everyone reacts differently, but guilt and shame are hard to avoid. Sharing such feelings is immensely hard, as many fear being condemned and consequently feel exiled in society. 12. The more time goes by since leaving the army, the more doubts occur about whether I ever did

14、the right thing. Ive realised Ill probably never achieve any answersperhaps for the bestand should get used to living with the unanswered. 13. Sadly, thats much easier said than done. As the repercussions of Iraq and Afghanistan play out, many soldiers and veterans will continue making the loneliest

15、 of decisions.,Translation,Para. 1013,Reading Comprehension Translation,1. 伊拉克与阿富汗的老兵，很难对“正义之战”做出道德辩护。我们中的每一位，都挣扎着同自己的所作所为寻求和解。自杀就像流行病一般，在战士与老兵中漫延。究其原因，除了肢体伤残与创伤后精神障碍之外，第三个因素正得到广泛的探讨：他们带回来的道德创伤。 2. 在英国桑德赫斯特进行的军官培训中，他们教我说，战斗力即战争中的行动能力可以细分为三个相互依存的构成要素：身体要素（行动的工具）、概念要素（如何行动背后的理念），以及道德要素（驱使人们行动的能力）。,孤独的

16、战士与战争的道德伤痕,Para. 1、2,Reading Comprehension Translation,Para. 3、4,3. 离开战场之后，战士们在这三个领域，都受到了不同程度的影响。一旦归家，每一处都影响到他们正常的行动能力。身体与概念要素都是显而易见的：睾丸被炸飞的士兵，或者他们半夜惊醒后的尖叫。道德伤痕虽察之似浅，然感之亦切。并且，它们并非如众人所猜想的那样，轻易就能被否认。 4. 在与塔利班旷日持久的交火中，一个士兵发现了一个女孩他估计四岁左右站在阿富汗院落的屋顶上，拿着手机贴近耳边。他确定她就是塔利班迫击炮控制员，指挥敌方将密集的炮火倾泻到他巡逻的地点，以致他们寸步难行。他

17、用无线电呼叫战机，将一枚炸弹投向了那个女孩和那座建筑物。,Reading Comprehension Translation,5. “我做了我该做的事情，”他告诉我。 6. 无论那些怡然自得的道德家如何说，事情远非如此简单。无数的战士返乡时，良心上背负着类似的经历。 7. “我不再是那个曾经自认为的好人，”工藤提摩太写道。他是前美国海军陆战队上尉，阿富汗之行虽幸免于难，却令其他人命丧黄泉。他一针见血地揭示出大多数老兵面临的困境：仅有的那些能宽恕我们的人，都死了。 8. 战士们在承受反思苦痛之余，努力地为其所作所为的后果寻求辩解。一个显而易见同样也是激发众人参军的理由，就是为“正义方”而战的概念

18、，同时也是更大程度上“行善”的组成部分。但是在伊拉克与阿富汗之行后，如果试图维系那种叙述，我做不到。 9. “任何理由都无法为杀害儿童开脱，”库尔特冯内古特在经历了德累斯顿轰炸之后写道。,Para. 59,Reading Comprehension Translation,10. 不管之前究竟杀了多少人，当战士们直面自己所背负的账单时，他们能够感觉到道德上的破产。每一个死亡都使我们蒙羞，腐蚀着我们所谓的为共同的人性而战的宣言这并不是一个因参军就能烟消云散的概念。 11. 所有的战士与老兵都以自己的方式，强烈地感触着他们挑起的战争所带来的道德伤害。每个人的反应虽不同，但是负罪与耻辱感是实难避免的

19、。他们极难与他人分享此类感受，因为他们害怕受到谴责，从而在社会中遭遇孤立。 12. 退伍的时间愈久，闪现的疑问愈多：我的所作所为是否是正义之举。我意识到可能永远也无法获得答案这也许是最好的结果并且应该渐渐习惯于带着这些悬疑生活。 13. 不幸的是，这说起来容易做起来难。随着伊拉克与阿富汗行动的恶果逐渐显现，许多战士与老兵将继续做着最为孤独的决定。,Para. 1013,Reading Comprehension Words v.to preserve on a disc or magnetic tape for later reprodution rekd n. the highest or

20、lowest ever reached 7. He always looks so content with his life. The content of your paper was excellent, but there were a lot of grammar mistakes. kntent adj. happy and satisfied kntent n. the ideas, facts,or opinions that are contained in a speech, piece of writing etc.,Language in UseVocabulary B

21、uilding,Exercise,8. Close that window! The wind is too strong. Youre not close to getting the answer. kls v. to shut something in order to cover an opening kluzadj. seeming very likely to happen or very likely to do something soon 9. I soon get used to working the late night shift. I dont trust used

22、 car dealers. Id never buy a car from them just adj. (+to sth/doing sth)having learned to accept sth juzdadj. second-hand 10. Whats that little black object? I strongly object to being treated like a child. bdkt n.a solid thing that can be seen or touched bdektv.to oppose,Reading B,Pre-reading Tasks

23、,Reading Comprehension,After-reading Tasks,Pre-reading tasks,Have you read the book named Annes Diary? What is it about? Share what you know about it with your classmates.,Reading Comprehension,WEDNESDAY, 8 JULY 1942 Dearest Kitty, 1. It seems like years since Sunday morning. So much has happened it

24、s as if the whole world had suddenly turned upside down. But as you can see, Kitty, Im still alive, and thats the main thing, Father says. 2. Im alive all right, but dont ask where or how. You probably dont understand a word Im saying today, so Ill begin by telling you what happened Sunday afternoon

25、. 3. At three oclock (Hello had left but was supposed to come back later), the doorbell rang. I didnt hear it, since I was out on the balcony, lazily reading in the sun. A little while later Margot appeared in the kitchen doorway looking very agitated. “Father has received a call-up notice from the

26、SS,” she whispered. “Mother has gone to see Mr. van Daan.” (Mr. van Daan is Fathers business partner and a good friend.),Translation,Anne Frank: the diary of a young girl (excerpt),Para. 13,Reading Comprehension,4. I was stunned. A call-up: everyone knows what that means. Visions of concentration ca

27、mps and lonely cells raced through my head. How could we let Father go to such a fate? “Of course hes not going,” declared Margot as we waited for Mother in the living-room. “Mothers gone to Mr. van Daan to ask whether we can move to our hiding place tomorrow. The van Daans are going with us. There

28、will be seven of us altogether.” Silence. We couldnt speak. The thought of Father off visiting someone in the Jewish Hospital and completely unaware of what was happening, the long wait for Mother, the heat, the suspenseall this reduced us to silence. 5. Suddenly the doorbell rang again. “Thats Hell

29、o,” I said. 6. “Dont open the door!” exclaimed Margot to stop me. But it wasnt necessary, since we heard Mother and Mr. van Daan downstairs talking to Hello, and then the two of them came inside and shut the door behind them. Every time the bell rang, either Margot or I had to tiptoe downstairs to s

30、ee if it was Father, and we didnt let anyone else in.,Translation,Para. 46,Reading Comprehension,7. Margot and I were sent from the room, as Mr. van Daan wanted to talk to Mother alone. 8. When she and I were sitting in our bedroom, Margot told me that the call-up was not for Father, but for her. At

31、 this second shock, I began to cry. Margot is sixteen apparently they want to send girls her age away on their own. But thank goodness she wont be going; Mother had said so herself, which must be what Father had meant when he talked to me about our going into hiding. Hiding where would we hide? In t

32、he city? In the country? In a house? In a shack? When, where, how? These were questions I wasnt allowed to ask, but they still kept running through my mind. 9. Margot and I started packing our most important belongings into a satchel. The first thing I stuck in was this diary, and then curlers, hand

33、kerchiefs, schoolbooks, a comb and some old letters. Preoccupied by the thought of going into hiding, I stuck the craziest things in the satchel, but Im not sorry. Memories mean more to me than dresses. 10. Father finally came home around five oclock. After that it was quiet in our flat; none of us

34、felt like eating. It was still hot, and everything was very strange.,Translation,Para. 710,Reading Comprehension,11. I was exhausted, and even though I knew itd be my last night in my own bed, I fell asleep right away and didnt wake up until Mother called me at five-thirty the next morning. Fortunat

35、ely, it wasnt as hot as Sunday; a warm rain fell throughout the day. The four of us were wrapped in so many layers of clothes it looked as if we were going off to spend the night in a refrigerator, and all that just so we could take more clothes with us. No Jew in our situation would dare leave the

36、house with a suitcase full of clothes. I was wearing two vests, three pairs of pants, a dress, and over that a skirt, a jacket, a raincoat, two pairs of stockings, heavy shoes, a cap, a scarf and lots more. I was suffocating even before we left the house, but no one bothered to ask me how I felt. 12

37、. Margot stuffed her satchel with schoolbooks, went to get her bicycle and, with Miep leading the way, rode off into the great unknown. At any rate, thats how I thought of it, since I still didnt know where our hiding place was. More tomorrow. Yours, Anne,Translation,Para. 11、12,Reading Comprehensio

38、n Translation,1942年7月8日 星期三 亲爱的吉蒂： 1. 从星期天早晨到现在，好像过了好几年。发生了那么多事情，整个世界好像突然天翻地覆似的！可是，吉蒂，你瞧，我还活着，爸爸说这是最主要的。 2. 不错，我的确还活着，可千万别问我在哪里和怎么活着。我想你今天完全听不懂我在说什么，所以我就直截了当地把星期天发生的事情告诉你吧。 3. 下午三点（赫洛刚走，我们想他过后会再来），门铃响了。我正懒洋洋地躺在阳台的长椅上看书，所以没有听见。过了一会儿，玛戈特站在厨房门口看起来很焦虑的样子。“爸爸接到党卫队的传唤了，”她悄悄地说，“妈妈已到范丹先生家去了。”（范丹先生是我们家的好朋友，也

39、是爸爸公司的合伙人。）,Para. 13,Reading Comprehension Translation,4. 我大吃一惊。传唤！人人都知道这意味着什么。集中营和冷清清的牢房出现在我的脑海中，我们怎么能让爸爸去那里呢？“他当然不会去，”当我们坐在起居室里等妈妈的时候，玛戈特肯定地说，“妈妈去找范丹先生商量，我们是否明天就躲到我们的藏身处去。范丹家和我们一起走，共有七个人。” 屋子里静悄悄的。我们再也谈不下去。我们心里惦念着爸爸，他到犹太人医院去看望病人去了，肯定没想到会有祸事，等着妈妈回来，天气这么热，心里焦急这一切都令我们说不出话来。 5. 门铃突然又响起来。“是赫洛。”我说。玛戈特拦住

40、我。 6. “别开门！”但这是多此一举。我们听见妈妈和范丹先生在楼下同赫洛说话。接着他们进了屋，随手把门关上。门铃每响一次，我或玛戈特就得轻手轻脚地下楼去看是不是爸爸回来了。别人都不让进来。,Para. 46,Reading Comprehension Translation,7. 玛戈特和我被支出客厅，范丹想同妈妈单独谈话。 8. 玛戈特和我坐在自己的房间里，玛戈特告诉我，那个传唤不是给父亲的，而是给她的。我又吃了一惊，伤心地哭起来。玛戈特才十六岁。难道他们要把这样年轻的姑娘送走么？幸好她不会去，妈妈亲口说过。爸爸跟我谈藏匿的时候，大概也是这个意思。藏匿！藏匿到哪里去呢？城里？乡下？一栋房子

41、里，一所茅舍里？什么时候？在哪儿？怎么藏匿？这些问题都是我不该问的，可我总是丢不下。 9. 玛戈特和我开始把我们最需要的东西装进书包里。我拿的第一样东西就是这个日记本，然后是卷发夹、手帕、课本、梳子和旧的信件。我一心想着藏匿的事，因此尽把些乱七八糟的东西塞进书包。但是我并不后悔，对我来说，回忆比衣服更重要。 10.五点钟，爸爸终于回家了。此后，我们家里静悄悄的。我们谁也不想吃饭。天气仍然很热，一切都很怪。,Para. 710,Reading Comprehension Translation,11.我困得要命，尽管我知道这是我在自己床上睡觉的最后一夜，我还是马上就睡着了，一觉睡到第二天早上五点

42、半被妈妈叫醒。幸好那天已不像星期天那样热；温暖的细雨整天下个不停。我们四人都穿得厚厚的，好像要在冰箱里过夜似的，而这只是为了再多带些衣服走。处在我们这种境地的犹太人，没有一个敢提着装满衣服的箱子出门。我穿了两件衬衣、三条裤子、一件连衣裙，外面还套上一条裙子、一件风衣，穿了两双袜子、厚鞋子，戴上帽子，围上围巾，还有很多其他的东西。在家里我就已经几乎透不过气来了，但是谁也不问我感觉怎么样。 12. 玛戈特把书包塞满课本，骑着她的自行车跟在米普后面，奔向一个我不知道的遥远地方。至少我是这样想的，因为我一直还不知道我们要去的神秘地方在哪里。 明天再谈。 安妮,Para. 11、12,Reading C

43、omprehension Words & Expressions,1. agitate v.,to make someone feel anxious, upset and nervous 使焦虑不安 e.g. I must warn you that any mention of Clare agitates your grandmother.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,2. race v.,if your heart or mind races, it works harder and faster than usual 快速运转

44、e.g. 1. My mind was racing, trying to think where I had seen him before. 2. My heart was racing and my knees shook uncontrollably.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,3. stun v.,to surprise or upset someone so much that they do not react immediately 使（某人）目瞪口呆或感到震惊 e.g. Redfern stunned the crow

45、d with a last-minute goal.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,4. suppose v.,to think that something is probably true, based on what you know 猜想 e.g. There were many more deaths than was first supposed.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,5. suspense n.,a feeling of excitement or anxiety

46、 when you do not know what will happen next 焦虑 e.g. 1. She couldnt bear the suspense a moment longer. 2. They kept us in suspense for over two hours.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,6. tiptoe v.,to walk quietly and carefully on your toes, so that nobody hears you 踮着脚走 e.g. 1. His mother ti

47、ptoed into the room. 2. I tiptoed along the corridor.,Reading Comprehension Words & Expressions,7. vision n.,an idea of what you think something should be like 幻想 e.g. 1. He had a clear vision of how he hoped the company would develop. 2. The President outlined his vision for the future.,After-readi

48、ng Tasks Discussion,1. How much do you know about Anne Frank? Can you infer Annes characteristics from her diary? 2. Why is Annes diary so popular in many countries?,Project,At the end of World War II, the US dropped two atomic bombs on two cities in Japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which brought the

49、war to a timely end. Years later, with great concern to the destructive consequences of the atomic bombings, many began to question such an action. Nowadays, opinions are still divided over the question: was it right for the US to drop atomic bombs on Japan?,Was it right for the US to drop atomic bo

50、mbs on Japan?,Project,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,Below are some opinions that either support or oppose the USs bombing action. Work with your partner and discuss whether you agree with the following opinions or not. It doesnt matter if you two have different opinions. Supportive: It punished the Ja

51、panese government for its evil deeds. It accelerated the war to an end and thus prevented further destruction. It saved the lives of civilians in other countries which were invaded by Japan. Ending the war quickly would return soldiers, including Japanese soldiers, to their homes to start a normal l

52、ife again. Opposing: Japanese lives were sacrificed in the atomic bombing. The atomic bombing, especially the radiation, caused great damage to the environment. There was no necessity to drop atomic bombs since Japan was at a great disadvantage in the war, and was sure to surrender soon.,Peoples opi

53、nions,Project,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,Take your side and join in a group that shares the same opinion with you. Then search for more information either on the Internet or in the library to support your opinion and make a list of them. You may arrange the pieces of information in order according

54、to their importance. This step may help you a lot to enlarge your history knowledge.,Your opinion,Project,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,The teacher may have your group to debate with another one which holds the opposite opinion. So, try to give out as much information as possible to convince your rivals of your opinion.,Class debate,Project,Step 1,Step 2,Step 3,Step 4,No matter you win the debate or not