虚拟语气讲解课件.ppt

1、Grammar the Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气,英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气 陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。 祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。,虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说的话不是事实， 一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,Eg : We met in this room . 陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气 If I we

2、re you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。 真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。 If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.,(have done),I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa

3、. I would travel around the world.,If I won the lottery,现在事实相反,If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .,had had,would have gone,过去事实相反,If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,Mark: 100,I _ a party for you .,should get,If you,_ _ _,got,Were t

4、o get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would ha

5、ve met him.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,与现在事实相反,If I were you, I would go at once.,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (happen) to our

6、 people on earth? c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _

7、_ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier, you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,had met,would have gone,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks If there (be) no natural resource any mor

8、e,we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _ (happen) if you _(get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,would make,would happen,should get up,2 由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构 常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有) , but for(要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today . = If there were no electricity ,

9、Without his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice ,But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help , But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the mee

10、ting ,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中,Wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a bird I wish I hadnt made such a mistake We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,用于宾语从句,I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.,I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly like a b

11、ird. I wish every day were my birthday.,现在时,He wish he hadnt eaten so much watermelon. I wish the lunch time would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,3. 从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request

12、, desire,ask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词 “suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire” 后的宾语从句中： “(should) +动词原形” e.g. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I demanded that he (should) answer me immediately.,Practice : I advised that

13、the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible . A should sent to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent . A be raised B would be raised C raised D raise,注意： suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时， insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 Eg : The smile

14、 on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,3. Would rather that 宁愿,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,would prefer , 表示一种希望和委婉的责

15、备。 Eg : I would prefer he didnt stay there too long next week . 我宁愿下周他不要在这待的太久。,四 .用于主语从句中,1.It is necessaryimportant strangenatural impossible / surprising + that 从句。 从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略省。,Eg : It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that we ( shoul

16、d ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she （should ）refuse to come to the party.,2. It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / proposed / demanded that从句 从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略,Eg : It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be

17、 done at once.,五、虚拟语气在其他从句中,It is (high / about ) time that “到做-的时间了.” 注意:should不能省略,过去时,should +V原.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going.

18、 Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),2.If only 引导的感叹句 “要是该有多好啊” 用法与wish 相同 Eg : If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,“好象”,3. as if /though + Clause,与现在事实相反,用过去式,与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反,过去完成式 Would / coul

19、d / might +动词原形,1) as if /as though连接表语从句 He talks as if he knew where she was . He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 2) as if / as though连接状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. He speaks to us as if he had been there.,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,Eg : It looks as

20、if you are tired.,4.在In case, for fear that 和lest “万一；惟恐;以免” 引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词原形 should 可省略,.,Eg : I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with. In case I should fail, I would try again I will not read aloud the book lest I should disturb you .,5.在带有even if/ even thou

21、gh “即使” 引导的让步状语从句中,动词形式与含有非真实的条件句的虚拟语气相同. Eg. Even if Lin Tao _(be) here, I should say the same thing. Even though he _(be) ill, he would have gone to his office.,were,had been,2 错综条件虚拟语气 条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整。 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had st

22、udied hard before, you would be a college student now. If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.,Summary,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。 二：虚拟语气特殊句型： wish 宾语从句 would rather (that) 3. as if /though + Clause 虚拟 4.Its (about/high) time +(that) 5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 6.without和but fo

23、r 构成虚拟. but for(要不是) 7. If only 要是就好了 8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形 9. 某些简单句的固定句型： 三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 混合条件句(“各归各” 的原则）,判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C

24、. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B. hadnt taken C. didnt takeD. shouldnt have taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. wou

25、ld listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,虚拟语气,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then.