四级翻译.ppt

1、,倍数+as+形容词/副词+as,倍数+名词,倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than,Notice,His apples are 2 times more than hers.,His apples are 2 times as many as hers.,I have 2 times the number of Toms books,倍数增减,The output of chemical fertilizer has been times as much as 1999 .,比1999年增加了4倍,2. The earth is .,是月球大小的49倍。,49 times the size of

2、 the moon.,3. The landlord .,想将租金提高三分之一。,wants to raise the rent by a third,4. They plan to .,将投资增加一倍。,double their investment.,five,Tense,1. When she got home, .,孩子们已经睡着了。,the children had fallen asleep.,2. When I prepare for the college entrance examination, .,我的姐姐将在海边度假。,my sister will be taking

3、her vacation at the seaside.,他的妻子总是对小事抱怨.,His wife is always complaining about small things.,Passive Voice,1. The book .,到今年年底就将已出版。,will have been published by the end of this year,2. . to eliminate sandy storms.,必须立即采取有效措施,Effective measures must be taken immediately,汉语的无主句通常要翻译成英语的被动语态,电脑可以用来做侦查工

4、作。,Computer can be used to do detective work.,shouldought to + have + done,neednt + have + done,mightcanmaymust + have +done,Notice,Model Verbs,I cant find my sunglasses. .,我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了,I may have left them at the caf yesterday,2. Its a pity. .,你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼。,You should have invited her to take p

5、art in your graduation ceremony.,2. It is (was) + adj. + that (advisable, appropriate, compulsory, essential, important, necessary, obligatory, crucial),3. If引导的非真实条件句 主句（w/s/c/m+v.), 从句 （过去时） 主句（w/s/c/m+have +Ven), 从句 （had + Ven） 主句（w/s/c/m+V), 从句 （一般过去 时/were+ 不定式 /should+ 动词原形）,1. 建议，要求，命令advise

6、(advice), demand, insist (insistence), order, propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), suggest (suggestion), recommend lest,Notice,but for/ otherwise,5. would rather (that) + 过去时 Its about/ high time that + 过去时,6.混合条件句,4. wish 引导的非真实句子,Notice,If you had asked him yesterday, you would know

7、 what to do now.,if only/as if (as though),如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道做什么了。,Subjunctive Mood,1. I wish .,我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会。,I had had your opportunities when I was young,2. If only .,他知道这病是可以治好的就好了。,he had known his disease was curable.,3. Its high time that .,采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题。,measures were taken to solve the probl

8、em of traffic jam.,4. It didnt rain last night. .,要是下了，地就会湿的。,If it had rained, the ground would be wet,Subjunctive mood,5. I used my calculator; .,否则，我会花更长时间才能算出这道题。,otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this problem.,6. Were I in your place, .,我会毫不犹豫的抓住机会,I would seize the opport

9、unity without hesitation.,7. Had it not been for their opposition .,这项法案早就通过了。,this act would have been passed much earlier.,8. Should there be another world war, .,人类的继续存在就会有危险。,the continued existence of the human race would be in danger.,Subjunctive Mood,9. He walked lightly, .,以免惊醒婴儿,lest he sho

10、uld awaken the baby,2. Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.,3. 不定式的宾语 （否定在to前加not),1. Its necessary for sb. to do sth.,Notice,necessary, important, possible, all right, essential,absurd, brave, careful, foolish, wise, generous, good, kind, rude, selfish, wrong,ask, choose, decide, demand, expect, happen,

11、help, intend, manage, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, threaten, want, wish,5. 动词+it+形容词/名词 + 不定式。It 做形式宾语,6. 不定式做定语,4.疑问词+不定式,Notice,wonder. ask, explain, forget, know, learn, tell, understand,find it hard (difficult) to finish the task,ability, attempt, chance, desire, decision, determination, effort

12、, failure, intention, need, plan, time, way, approach, wish, promise, reason,8. 不定式的时态和语态,9. see, make, hear 用于被动语态时，不定式要保留,7. 不定式做原因，结果状语等,Notice,He was surprised to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village.,He doesnt like to be treated as a guest.,We were made to wash our hands before

13、having a meal.,The infinitive,1. Its necessary .,我们在考试前好好的睡上一晚上觉。,for us to have a good nights sleep before the test.,2. The teacher decided .,不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生。,not to punish those students who had been late for class.,3. Mr. Green was wondering .,是否去看望在法国的儿子。,whether to visit his son in France,4. We ho

14、pe to have more opportunities .,把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践。,to apply what we have learned in class to practice,The infinitive,5. Im sorry .,占用了您那么多时间。,to have taken up so much of your time.,6. I happened .,在他冲进来的时候站在门口,to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in,7. If you want to save money, youd better

15、.,到校园书店买旧书,go to the campus bookstore to buy used books.,Participle,1. This is the first time that I heard .,用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”,“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian.,2. The war went on for years, .,夺去了成千上万人的生命,killing thousands upon thousands of people,3. , we stopped talking and began to study.,看到大家

16、都在聚精会神的读书。,Seeing that everyone was involved in reading his or her book,4. ， he was worried about them.,好久没收到父母的来信了。,Not having heard from his parents for a long time,discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, make, see, watch, notice,2. 动名词用于固定结构,3. 动名词的完成式和被动式,1. 后接动名词的动词,Notice,appreciate, avoi

17、d, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, fancy, cant help, mind, miss, postpone, prevent, resist, stop,be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use, there be no need/ no point in, get used to ,We congratulated her on being promoted to manager.,Gerund,1. They tried to avoid .,让女儿做她不喜欢的事情。,making their dau

18、ghter do what she didnt like to do.,2. Developing varieties is the key to .,使我们的产品进入国际市场。,getting our goods into the international market,3. Its no use 。,为洒了的牛奶而哭泣。,crying over spilled milk.,4. He denied 。,偷看了同桌的试卷。,having peeked at his neighbors test paper,Noun clause,1. Its not clear yet .,谁应该为这件事

19、负责。,who should be responsible for this matter,2. Dont put off till tomorrow .,今天能做的事,what can be done today,3. This novel is just 。,我一直在寻找的,what I have been looking for,4. ， is not clear to me.,她是否喜欢那个礼物,Whether she likes the present,主语从句,宾语从句,Attributive clause,1. This is .,我赞成这一改革的理由。,the reason w

20、hy I am in favor of this reform.,2. Some of the roads were flooded, .,这使我们的旅程更为艰难。,which made our journey more difficult.,3. He introduced me to his students, 。,他们大部分是英语专业的学生。,most of whom were English majors.,Adverbial clause,1. We climbed high .,这样我们就可以看到更好的风景。,so that we might get a better view.,

21、2. I remember the whole thing .,仿佛是昨天发生的。,as if it had happened yesterday.,3. , the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.,不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地为难他。,However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him,Comparative degree and superlative degree,1. Does she dance .,跟她姐姐一样的优美？,as gracefully as her sister,2. The buildings look .,在伦敦比在这难看得多。,far