高分子物理浙江大学Introdu

1、Polymer Physics,高分子物理 徐君庭，沈烈,Teachers 任课教师,徐君庭 高分子大楼419; 87953164 沈烈 高分子大楼310; 87953712 ,Books and references教材与参考书,方征平，宋义虎，沈烈 高分子物理 (Polymer Physics)浙江大学出版社, 杭州, 2008 何曼君，陈维孝，董西侠 高分子物理(修订版)复旦大学出版社，上海，1990 金日光，华幼卿 高分子物理(第二版)化学工业出版社，北京，2000 L. H. Sperling Introduction to Physical Polymer Science P. J

2、. Flory Pricinples of Polymer Chemistry,网络课件地址： 或 :8080/ka/index.htm 省级精品课程(2009年),电子教案 实验教学 特色教学 学习资料,概念图解(完善中，欢迎同学参加！) 教学课件 名词解释 教学大纲 实验内容 实验仪器 教学研究 学生作业 习题,Introduction,绪 论,Polymers are long-chain molecules of very high molecular weight, often measured in the hundreds of thousands 高分子是由成千上万个结构单元以

3、共价键重复连接而成的长链分子,Definitions of Polymers 高分子的定义,Macromolecular Hypothesis (1920) The origin of modern polymer science,Herman Staudinger,1953 Nobel prize awarder,Polymer, or Macromolecule large molecule consisting of repeating smaller units (called monomer). e.g. (poly=many; mer=unit),Polymer 聚合物 Macro

4、molecule 大分子 High Polymer 高聚物,Nomenclature 高分子术语,Monomer 单体 Molecule 小分子 Oligomer 齐(低)聚物,Classification of synthetic polymers,Classification according to: Physical structure Thermal behaviour Use Preparation method,Physical Structure Linear polymers may be represented by a chain with two ends. Branc

5、hed polymers have side chains, or branches, of significant length which are bonded to the main chain at branch points, and are characterized in terms of the number and size of the branches.Polymers with well-controlled modes of branching: comblike polymers, star polymers, dendrimers, etc. Network po

6、lymers have three-dimensional structures in which each chain is connected to all others, and are characterized by their crosslinking density or degree of crosslinking (number of junction points per unit volume).,short branching polymer,comblike polymer,star polymer,dendrimer,hyperbranch polymer,core

7、,1st generation,2nd generation,3rd generation,Thermal Behavior,Thermosets Rigid materials and network polymers in which chain motion is greatly restricted by a high degree of crosslinking. Intractable once formed. Degrade rather than melt upon heating. Thermoplastics (plastics) Linear or branched po

8、lymers which can be melted upon the application of heat. (Largest proportion of the polymers used in industry.),Crystalline polymersInvariably do not form perfect crystalline materials but instead are semicrystalline with both crystalline and amorphous regions.The crystalline phase of such polymers

9、are characterized by their melting temperature (Tm).Amorphous polymersCharacterized by their glass transition temperature (Tg), the temperature at which they transform abruptly from the glass state (hard) to the rubbery state (soft). This transition corresponds to the onset of motion of chain segmen

10、ts.,Plastics 塑料 Rubber 橡胶 Fiber 纤维 Adhesive 胶粘剂 Paint 涂料 Leather 皮革 ,Use,三大合 成材料,Photoelectric polymers 光电高分子 Biomedical polymers 生物医用高分子 Conductive polymers 导电高分子 Ion-exchange resins 离子交换树脂 ,Structural Polymers 结构高分子,Functional Polymers 功能高分子,Preparation Method,2 types of preparation methods: addit

11、ion polymers condensation polymers differences: condensation produces a byproduct, e.g. water condensation polymers often have non-C atoms in backbone chains,Addition polymers,formed by adding many monomer units together through chemical bonds e.g. polyethylene n CH2=CH2 -CH2- CH2-n ethylene monomer

12、 Polyethylene Other addition polymers: polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride),Condensation polymers,two molecules combine with the formation and loss of another smaller molecule e.g. poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET),Terephthalic acid,Ethylene glycol,Copolymer S

13、tatistical copolymers are copolymers in which the sequential distribution of the repeat units obeys known statistical laws. Random copolymers are a special type of statistical copolymer in which the distribution of repeat units is truly random.-B-A-B-B-A-B-A-A-B-A-B-B-B-A-(For simplicity, illustrati

14、on is for copolymers containing only A and B.) Alternating copolymers have only two different types of repeat unit and these are arranged alternately along the polymer chain:-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-A-B-,Block copolymers are linear copolymers in which the repeat units exit only in long sequences, or

15、 blocks, of the same type. E.g., AB diblock copolymers -A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-B-B-B ABA triblock copolymers -A-A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-B-B-A-A-A-A-A- Graft copolymers are branched polymers in which the branches have a different chemical structure to that of the main chain. B-B-B-B-B-B-BB-B B-B-B-B-B-B

16、-B-B-B-B-B B B-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A- B B B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B,From Little Molecules to Big Molecules 从小分子到大分子,The molecular weight-melting temperature relationship for the alkane series,Entanglement of polymer chains,Low molecular weight, no

17、entanglement. (b) High molecular weight, chains are entangled. The transition between the two is often at about 600 backbone chain atoms.,High MW,strong intermolecular interaction,large number of conformation,multiple motion units,entanglement,viscosity; rheological behavior; mechanical properties,t

18、ime (frequency) and temperature dependence,strength; no vapor state,flexibility; elasticity,chain folding (in crystal),crystallinity100%,高分子与小分子的差别,orientation; no cubic crystal system,anisotropy,Polymer Science and Engineering 高分子科学与工程,Polymer Chemistry 高分子化学,Polymer Processing 高分子成型加工,Polymer Physics 高分子物理,Polymer Physics 高分子物理,Structure,Properties,Interrelationship,Principles of polymer chemistry (1953) The house of modern polymer science,P.J.Flory,1974 Nobel prize awarder,A.V.Tobolsky W.Kuhn H.Mark J.D.Fe