新人教选修[虚拟语气].ppt

1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。,英语中共有三种语气,陈述语气、,祈使语气、,虚拟语气,（the Indicative Mood）,（the Imperative Mood）,（the Subjunctive Mood）,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,语气的种类,用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。,表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。,Japan lies to the east o

2、f China.,The fish is not alive without water.,Dont be worry.,If he had been here, he would have agreed with me.,I wish I could fly.,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would/could/should/ might +V.（原）,Would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.,1.过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to d

3、o,would/could/should/ might +V.（原）,If I were a student, I would make good use of the time .,表示与现在事实相反,If I had listened to the teacher carefully , I would have passed the exam.,表示与过去事实相反,If we had another 7-day holiday, all of us would be more happier.,表示与将来事实相反,1. If I had HIV, I would know because

4、 I would feel sick. 2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.,与现在事实相反,3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made amistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,与过去事实相反,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. If we were to have three days off , w

5、e would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,二 虚拟语气特殊句型,wish 的宾语从句,现在 过去 未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would + v,（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟： 从句动词用过去式或 （be动词一般用were）。,I wish I knew the answer to the question.,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.,She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.,（2）表示对过去情况的

6、虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。（过去完成时）,I wish I hadnt spent so much money.,He wishes he had not lost the chance.,（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。（过去将来时）,I wish you would come soon.,I wish it would stop raining.,2. Would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,D

7、ont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3. as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,注意：如果表示的事情可

8、能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,4.Its (about/high) time +that sb +,过去时,你该走了。,Its high time that you went.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed.,5. 表示要求，命令，建议的 虚拟语气。,1）宾语从句。,常见动词： 一个坚持， 两个命令， 三个建议， 四个要求。,1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest

9、, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,We suggested that Tom （should）have a rest.,He insisted that I (should ) be present.,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (sh

10、ould) send them to work there.,国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式 should +v.,order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, insistence, desire idea, requirement, Its suggested ( ) that,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that

11、she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,6. without和but for 构成虚拟。 but for 要不是,Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.,Without your help, I would have

12、 failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,8. Its necessary strange natural important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) ma

13、ster a foreign language.,It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,9. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,三 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间

14、而定。,If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.,If it were not for your

15、 advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there b

16、e a flood, what should we do?,1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not2. I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 3.The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D

17、. shall be finished,9. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun.A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B 13 His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree,14 .Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. A.Were B

18、. had been C. should be D. is,1. You didnt let me help. If we_together, you_so tired. worked; didnt get B. worked; wouldnt get were working ; wouldnt get D. had worked; wouldnt have got,D,2. If I_money, I_you. had; would lend have; would lend C. had; would have lent D. had; will lend,A,3. If he_his

19、legs yesterday, he _the Summer Palace with us now. A. hadnt hurt; would visit B. hadnt hurt; would have visited C. didnt hurt; would visit D. didnt hurt; would have visited,A,4. He _ the work well, but he_ so careless. could have done; was had done; had been hadnt done; bad been could do; was,A,5. I

20、 wish I _ busy yesterday and _ with the recorder. wasnt; could finish hadnt been; could finish hadnt been; could have finished D. wasnt; could have finished,C,6. Our monitor requested that_. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully.,D,7. It is that he _you this. would tell B. should tell C. has told D. has know