11Unit3-4(B2)英语国家社会与文化入门.ppt

1、UNIT 3 AMERICAN BEGINNINGS,P. 33 Par 1 What is an American? Either a European, or descendant of a European. Leaving old ideas behind him, he receives new ideas and a new way of life.,P. 34 Par 1,Today, the picture of an American is more complex, why? European, African, Asian P. 34 Par 2 Two long con

2、tinuing immigrations: First: 25000 years ago to ? Second: 1492 to present,P. 34Par 2 the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas,P. 34 Par 3,1492: Chrstopher Clumbus, an Italian 10-20 million native people called “Indians” 1497: John Cabot, an Italian, reached Canada and claimed Canada for the English king,P. 35 P

3、ar 1-3 Three forces in Europe after 1600,Par 1: Development of capitalism Produced bourgeois class, working class Par 2: The Renaissance People more confident in themselves, more interested in the world Par 3: Religious reformation Martin Luther, 1517: the Pope had no right to sell “indulgences” for

4、 remission of sins,P. 36 Par 1,Henry VIII, broke away from the Roman Catholic church, set up the Church of England Protestantism: humans could be saved through faith, direct contact with God. Rise of nationalism and bourgeoisie,P. 36-42: Four early settlements in America,1607: Jamestown, Virginia 16

5、20: Mayflower, Plymouth, Massachusets 1632: Catholics, Baltimore, Maryland 1681: Quakers, Pennsylvania,P. 36 Par 3,First Settlement in Virginia 144 people set off, but only 100 arrived in Virginia, and set up Jamestown. Most did not work, only 38 survived. Captain John Smith made everyone work. John

6、 Rolfe, West Indian Tobacco 1619: delegates met, the House of Burgesses 20 negro slaves,P. 37, Par 3 Second Settlement, Puritan in New England: MA, CN, NH, VM, MN, RI,P. 38-39 Par 3,1620: Puritans in Mayflower, set up the second settlement in Massachusetts Bay They thought the Church of England was

7、too Catholic. The Mayflower Compact on boat. God was incomprehensible to man; 2. Humans were predestined by God; 3. Everyone had a calling; 4. Bible was the outhority of their doctrine. 5. Government should enforce Gods morality.,P. 39 Par 2,Heritage of puritanism: Sense of mission 2. A strain of in

8、tolerable moralism 3. Individualism 4. Hard work 5. Education,39, Par 3 Third settlement, Catholics in Maryland 1623: Baron Baltimore, a Catholic, set up a colony in Maryland His feudalist experiment: freeholder must pay rent to him. But the experiment failed.,P. 41, Par 2 Fourth settlement, in Penn

9、sylvania,Quakers were protestants, but: People communicate directly with God, without Bible or church; 2. No church or priests; 3. All humans are equal; 4. Thrift and self-denial; 5. Against all wars,P. 42 Par 1,William Penn, offered easy terms for land, freedom of religion, attracted people from al

10、l countries to come to Pennsylvania The idea of the melting pot may have come from Penns Holy Experiment,Small town in Pennsylvania, USA,Small town in Pennsylvania, USA,P. 42 Par 2: Thirteen Colonies,P. 43 Par 3,British: Charge taxes for wars with French Colonists: No taxation without representation

11、 Par 4 1773: Boston Tea Party British: Intolerable Acts 1774: First Continental Congress, Philadelphia 1775: War of Independence broke out, Concord, MA,P. 44 Par 2 Declaration of Independence,Thomas Jefferson John Adams Benjamin Franklin Passed on July 4, 1774 (独立日) All men are created equal; rights

12、 for life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.,P. 54, Par 6 The Constitution of the United States,A federal system with a strong central govern-ment, with power shared between the central government and the states. P 55, Par 2: Three branches: the executive, the legislative, the judiciary Par 4: Purp

13、ose of government: “Promote the general welfare and secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and to our posterity.”,P. 55 Par 8-9,Legislative branch (the Congress): Make federal laws; 2. Levy taxes; 3. Declare wars; 4. Approve foreign treaties. House of Representatives: two-year terms; Every repr

14、esentative for one district,P. 56 Par 2-3,Senate: Senators serve six-year terms Each state sends two senators. 1/3 of senators are elected every two years. Both houses have to approve a bill which becomes law after signed by the President.,P. 56 Par 4,Executive branch (President, vice president, cab

15、inet) Vice president: 1. Succeeds the president; 2. Presides over the Senate; 3. Votes in case of a draw in the Senate.,P. 56, Par 5 to P. 57, Par 1-4,President: 1. Makes national policies; 2. Vetos a bill passed by Congress; 3. Appoints federal judges (to be approved by Senate) 4. Issues regulation

16、s; 5. Appoints cabinet members (to be confirmed by Senate) 6. Foreign relations, appoints ambassadors.,P. 57 Par 5-7,Judiciary branch Supreme Court (9 Justices) 2. Eleven federal courts of appeal 3. 91 federal district courts Judges appointed for life or voluntary retirement, except removed through impeachment and trial in Congress,Nine Supreme Court Justices, who never applaud or stand up when the President speaks to the