lecture 1 简述.ppt

1、A History of Translation,Lecturer Pan Xuzhou,Introduction to the course Basic requirements Recommended reference books,Reference Books,马祖毅. 中国翻译简史 . 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2004. 王克非. 翻译文化史论 . 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997. 陈福康. 中国译学理论史稿 . 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006. 谢天振. 中西翻译简史. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社, 2009. 谭载喜. 西方翻译简史. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2004.

2、,Lecture 1,Similarities between translation in China and the West Differences between translation in China and the West,Similarities between translation in China and the West,Close relationship with religion “the original comes first” “faithfulness” Same function in spreading knowledge Arabian trans

3、lation of ancient Greek and Roman classics Science and Technology translation in Ming and Qing Dynasties.,Great assistance to the establishment and development of national languages translation of Bible in German and English translation of Buddhist Script in Chinese Important role in bringing foreig

4、n culture,Differences between translation in China and the West,Different roles played by religion in respective social and political life Different development of translation theories critical thinking VS practical experience,Descriptions of the earliest translation in China and the West,Origins of

5、 translation & language Fragments of translation activities in Xia Dynasty “夏后即位七年，于夷来宾。” “少康即位三年，方夷来宾。” -册府元龟,周代有关翻译（口译）的明确记载,周公居摄六年，制礼作乐，天下和平。交趾之南，有越裳国以三象胥而献白雉，曰：“道路遥远，山川阻深，音使不通，故重译而朝。” 册府元龟外臣部朝贡,周代对翻译人员的不同称呼,五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。达其志，同其欲，东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮 ，北方曰译。礼记王制 寄，言传寄外内语言； 象者，言放象外内之言； 狄鞮者，鞮知也，谓通传夷狄语与中

6、国相知； 译，陈也，谓陈说外内之言。,象寄、鞮译 “反舌，夷语与中国相反，因谓反舌。” 舌人，能达异方之志，象胥之职也。,“翻译”说法的来由,“疑汉以来，多事北方，故译名烂熟矣” 宋高僧传 “翻”字出现于东汉摩腾之译四十二章 “翻译”连用则于南北朝时期的佛经翻译 （参谢天振第六页）,战国时期有关笔译的明确记载,越人歌 今夕何夕兮，搴qin舟中流。 今日何日兮，得与王子同舟。 蒙羞被好兮，不訾z诟耻。 心几顽而不绝兮，得知王子。 山有木兮木有枝， 心悦君兮君不知。 -刘向说苑,译文,今夜是什么夜晚啊，我能操桨于此洲流； 今天是什么日子啊，我有幸能与王子同舟。 含羞怀情啊，不顾诟骂羞耻， 心里多么

7、痴迷不止啊，盼见王子。 山有树啊树有枝，心里爱慕着您呀您却不知。,中国早期译论-孔子的翻译思想,公曰：“寡人欲学小辩，以观于政，其可乎？”子曰：“否，不可。天子学乐辩风，制礼以行政。诸侯学礼辩官，政以行事，以尊事天子。大夫学德辨义，矜行以事君。士学顺辩言,以遂志。如此犹恐不 济，奈何其小辩乎？公曰：不辩则何以为政？子曰：辩而不小。夫小辩破言，小言破义，小义破道，道小不通，通道必简。是故循弦以观于乐，足以辩风 矣；尔雅以观于古，足以辩言矣；传言以象，反舌皆至，可谓简矣。 -大戴礼记小辩,Origin of translation in the West,The Tower of Babel-th

8、e Old Testament (Mona Baker p21) The earliest record of translation Livius Andronicus -Odyssey,The start of translation in China and the Westtranslation of religious classics,Translation of Bible 250 BC till now 2200 years Translation of the Borobudur 浮屠经 2 BC till 1111 1100years Translation of Qura

9、n 古兰经 7 BC till now 1300years （参谢天振p7),Main stages of translation in the West,1Translation of Bible 2Literature translation 3Practical material (non-literature) translation,Literature translation,1the early stage of literature translation (before Renaissance) 2translation in the Age of Enlightenment

10、(16th century-17th century) 3translation in Romantic Period (end of 18th century-mid 19th century) 4translation in Modern Period (end of 19th century-the end of WWII),Poor quality of translation, by-product of productivity French translator Jacques Amyot, 阿米欧 1513-1593, translated Lives of Noble Gre

11、cians and Romans 希腊罗马名人比较列传 （简称名人传 British translator Sir Thomas North 诺斯爵士 translated it from French to English,British translator John Dryden principles of translation,1translation is an art form 2translation must follow the features of the original 3readers must be considered 4translator must be

12、faithful to the original 5borrowed expressions can be used 6three kinds of translation: metaphrase词译, paraphrase 释译, and imitation 拟译,British translator Tytler 泰特勒,Three principles of translation 翻译三原则 The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and

13、 manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. The translation should have all the ease of original composition. “译者必须既用原作者的灵魂，又以他自己的发音器官来说话。”,German translator Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 歌德,“译者铸造了一种完全适合于交流两国思想的语言。” Three kinds of translation Informative translation 传递

14、知识的翻译 Adaptation 改编性翻译 Interlinear translation 逐行对照翻译,Translation study oriented to linguistics,German great thinker Walter Benjamin 瓦尔特本雅明 译者的任务翻译理论的“圣经”，解构主义翻译理论的经典 Deconstructionalism “语言本身不指向任何客观现实；译者的任务是保证语言的生存，并以此保证生命的延续。” (参考译学词典p 39),Two “jumps” of translation study in the west in late 20th century,1Turn of linguistics 语言学转向 in translation study 2Turn of cultures 文化转向 in translation study,Three breakthroughs,1study on equivalence between languages to translation activity study 2study on the text of translation to study of translation production and consumption 3not simpl