中考英语 现在完成时课件 人教新目标版

1、现 在 完 成 时 态,The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时 Present perfect tense,构成:,助动词have/has + 过去分词,1.肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。,eg. He has gone to school .,They have gone to school.,2.疑问句 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 (回答用“Yes，-have/has“No，-havent/hasnt” ）

2、 3.否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnt过去分词”。,eg. Has he gone to school?,Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.,eg. He hasnt gone to school.,They havent gone to school.,用法一、 1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果, （强调结果现在还存在） 例如 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） I have just had my breakfast. (

3、对现在的影响：不饿) Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has. When did he have his breakfast?He had breakfast at 6:00.,现在完成时态的分类,1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday.

4、Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前) （刚刚）, already（已经(肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑问(句末） ：已经；否定句：还） never, ever (疑问句) twice recently(近来）等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasnt

5、finished his homework yet. 2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before. 3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have alredy done that . Ive ju

6、st finished my homework. He has not come yet.,Exercises,1. I _ already _(have) lunch . 2. the train_ (arrive) yet? 3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China. 4. The twins _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.,have had,Has arrived,has,been,have,seen,

7、saw,Have ridden,7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,will,see,will see,have,come,用法二：,表示

8、过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。 A 动词使用延续性动词。 B 和表示时间段的时间状语连用。 常与for或since引导的时间连用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段时间，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 y

9、ears ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,注意： (1)since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 时间点for时间段 since 2000=for years (3) since+从句

10、(常用一般过去时) The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris (4)It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句. 自从某事发生已有一段时间了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a wee

11、k _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,用for和since填空,They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China. 2. I havent seen her _ a long time. 3. He has been living here _ 2001. 4. She has been doing her homework _ t

12、wo hours. 5. Its 5 years _ we left school. 6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago.,Have a try,since,for,since,for,since,Since,三、非延续性动词与现在完成时 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续

13、性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。 他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago . He has been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. it is five years since he joined the Party 电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes sinc

14、e the film began,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,第一类：动词 be + adj. die finish open/close fall ill/asleep marry sb/get married to 第二类：动词 be + 介词. start/begin leave join,be dead,be away from,be in/be a member of,be open/closed,be on,be over,be ill/asleep,be married to,第三类：动词 另一个动词 buy borrow get/begin to延续性v. become

15、 put on eg.,keep,have,be,延续性v.,wear,His father died 2 years ago. The football match began at 9:00a.m. The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old. My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.,His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The tw

16、ins have been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,注意点四：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for thr

17、ee days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？ Have (has) b

18、een to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如： They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。,have /has been to和have / has gone to 的用法区别,1 “ Hav

19、e /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点， 常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。 2 “have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回来，人不在说话地点。 巧记： been to ，gone to 意不同，两者用法要记清； have been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have gone to + 地点，到某地去了。,用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your s

20、ister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,用法四,试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空 1 I （live）here since I was ten years old. 2 I （live）here in 1998. - you your breakfast？-Yes，I have. -When you it？- 30 minutes ago.,注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面： （一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

21、,have lived,lived,Have,had,did,have,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 一）现在完成时与一般过去时的句型转换 eg：I have studied English for three years -I studied English three years ago -It is three years since I studied English,注意点一： 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法

22、比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 试比较： The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表

23、示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。） I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种： 原形+ed 如：worked,passed 词尾是e时，直接加d 如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如：stoppeddropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,不规则动词的过去式以及

24、过去分词巧记规律,AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致