UNIT09IT’SNOTJUSTCRICKET.ppt

1、Unit 9,Its Not Just Cricket,I. About the text,1. Suggested summary Sport is not simply done with games; it involves racism, nationalism, especially with nation building, and in Britain it did a lot for the ruling class to aid the development of industrial capitalism both at home and abroad. Although

2、 sport is free from being dirtied by politics and inequality, the use of drugs is destroying one of the sports foundation stones the notion of fair play, indicating that it can never be clean either, like everything else in the world, including capitalism.,2. Background information,Sport has been a

3、very popular topic in our daily conversation, not only because many people love sports but also because sports can show us much more than its literary meaning such as patriotism, nationalism, racism, business competition etc. However, any big sports games, particularly football matches can attract n

4、ot only well-known sports teams but also a lot of sports fans. At the same time, patriotism and nationalism can be enhanced in the sports events.,Black Power The first documented utterance of Black Power during the civil rights movement was shouted out by the late Kwame Toure, then known as Stokely

5、Carmichael, in 1965 in Selma, Alabama. Carmichael, an African-American in the broadest sense of the term, was born in Trinidad and raised in the United States. Carmichael began to advocate self-defense and self-determination in,response to the increasing violence against civil rights leaders and com

6、mon folk who participated in the civil rights movement. Though there were many variations upon the idea of Black Power, some of the key tenets were, and still are, economic coopera- tion, racial consciousness, political power and the right to self-defense. Black Power influenced other dimensions of

7、black life in the United States, from poetry to painting to athletics. A memorable,icon from this period is the Black Power salute given by John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico, as they stood on the victory stand to receive the gold and bronze medals, respect

8、ively, for the 400 meters. The movement declined in the 1970s after numerous black nationalists were arrested or killed in confrontations with police, but the term black power continued to signify pride and cohesiveness in black urban communities.,Black Power Salute,The movement received internation

9、al exposure at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City when two United States sprinters, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, delivered a black power salute while standing silently with heads bowed as the American national anthem played during a medal ceremony. As the American flag rose and the Star-Spangl

10、ed Banner played, the two closed their eyes, bowed their heads, and began their protest. Smith later told the media that he raised his right, black-glove-covered fist in the air to represent black power in America while Carlos left, black-covered fist represented unity in black America.,Together the

11、y formed an arch of unity and power. The black scarf around Smiths neck stood for black pride and their black socks (and no shoes) represented black poverty in racist America. Tebbit cricket test In 1990s the former Conservative Party chairman and the MP, Norman Tebbit, fighting for tougher immigrat

12、ion controls, designed the cricket test to,call specifically for white British people to note who black British people were cheering for when England played the West Indies. If they supported the West Indies (and he knew, of course, that most of them did) then the implication was that they therefore

13、 constituted some sporting version of the enemy within, and he declared that migrants from the West Indies, Africa and the Indian subcontinent and their children cannot be classified as properly English because they would not support the England team in test matches against the country of their (or

14、their parents) origin.,Being up to their knees in Fenian blood Traditionally in Ireland, Catholics and Protestants have been opposed to each other, often violently. Thats why theres been so much trouble in Northern Ireland, where there are Catholic and Protestant communities. The Fenian movement is

15、a Catholic movement that wants to be completely separate from Great Britain. Therefore, Protestants might be expected to be opposed to Fenians (because Fenians are Catholics). If someones up to their knees in Fenian blood, it means that a lot of Fenians have been killed.,So, the Protestant football

16、supporters liked Jennings despite the fact that he was a Catholic, but that didnt stop them from singing songs about killing Catholics (because their anti-Catholic feelings were presumably stronger than their liking of Jennings). up to their knees in Fenian blood are words from the song “Hello Hello

17、 (The Billy Boys)”. In the 1920 and 30s, Glasgow was notorious for its “Hard Men”, gangs of thugs who terrorized decent people and fought bloody battles against other gangs. The Billy Boys was one such mob, founded in 1924 in Glasgow by Billy Fullerton whom was,honored by his followers as the King.

18、It was estimated that 800 people were associated with the gang. Being token Protestant, they claimed to follow King William of Orange and fought mainly against similar Roman Catholic gangs. This was their war song. In matches, they sing to demand that the opposition surrender or youll die.,The Billy

19、 Boys Hurrah! Hurrah! We are the Billy Boys;Hurrah! Hurrah! We make a lot of noise;Were up to here, we never fear we all are Billys sons,We are the Glasgow Billy Boys. Hurrah, Hurrah, we are the Billy Boys,Hurrah, Hurrah, we are the Billy Boys,Up to your knees in Fenian blood surrender or youll die.

20、We are the Brigtoon* Billie Boys.Chorus (Brigtown being the district where they were dominant.),Christianity: the three major branches Roman Catholic Church Orthodox Eastern Church Protestant Churches: Lutheran（路德教）/ Reformed （新教）/ Anglican（英国国教）/Methodist（卫理公会）/ Baptist（浸礼会）,II. Language points 1.I

21、ts Not Just Cricket. This is the title of the text, which implies that the text tells us more than the cricket matches. 2. The phrase Its just not cricket carries the notion (para. 8) “not cricket” is a set phrase meaning “unfair, dishonest”.,3.The phrase nuclear cricket was used to describe the tes

22、t series between India and Pakistan in 1999, the year both nations became nuclear powers. (para. 1) “核板球”这个短语被用来描述1999年印度和巴基斯坦之间的系列核试验，这一年两个国家均成了核强国。,4.In 1968 the resistance to war in Vietnam and the militancy of the civil rights movement led to two black athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, rai

23、sing their black-gloved fists in a Black Power salute. (para. 1) 1968年，抵制越南战争和民权运动的军事行动使两位黑人运动员汤米史密斯和约翰卡罗斯举起戴着黑手套的拳头敬了一个黑人运动的礼。,5.The nationalism associated with sport is also about nation building. (para. 2) 体育运动中的民族主义也关系到国家建设。 6.Mussolini was so outraged at the growing level of resistance to his f

24、ascist regime that he changed the colour of the away strip from white to black. (para. 2) 人们对他的法西斯统治所产生的抵触情绪日益加剧，这激怒了墨索里尼，于是他将球队客场队服的颜色由白色改成黑色。,7.The Tebbit cricket test, where he suggested that the nation supported in cricket matches by immigrants and their children showed their real loyalty, was a

25、bout racism and division. (para. 4) 泰比的“板球比赛试验”关系到种族主义和分裂。他认为在板球比赛中，移民及其子女的真正忠诚体现在他们所支持的国家上。 . where he suggested that the nation supported in cricket matches by immigrants and their children showed their real loyalty为非限制性定语从句，其中that the nation supported in cricket matches by immigrants and their ch

26、ildren showed their real loyalty为宾语从句，showed为该从句的谓语动词，supported in cricket matches by immigrants and their children为过去分词短语做定语修饰the nation。,8.The mainly Protestant fan base loved Jennings, but that didnt stop them singing sectarian songs about being up to their knees in Fenian blood right behind his

27、goal. (para. 4) base: countable usually singular the people, money, groups, etc. that form the main part of something base in the sentence means a large group, served as the subject of the sentence with fan. Examples: The company has built up a loyal customer base. By broadening the tax base (=all t

28、he people who pay taxes), he could raise more revenues.,9.Cricket was promoted in most countries of the British Empire, and was used as a way of instilling into the indigenous populations the necessary requirements of industrial capitalism working under one captain, observing certain rules, timekeep

29、ing, boundaries, fair play (!) and of course the superiority of whites. (para. 5) 板球在英帝国的许多殖民地国家得到了推广，而且被用来向当地人灌输工业资本主义的的必要条件 ：服从领导，遵守赛规，守时，遵守场规，公平比赛(！)当然还要承认白人的优越地位。,10.In fact it wasnt until the 1950s in Britain that the West Indian national cricket team was allowed to visit with a captain who was

30、nt white or fair skinned. (para. 5) 事实上，直到20世纪50年代，英国才允许西印第安国家板球队访问，该队队长既不是白人也不是浅色人种。 “fair skinned” in the sentence refers to those who have skin that is very light in colour.,11. Manchester United came out of the Yorkshire and Lancashire railways, Sheffield United out of the Sheffield cutlers and

31、Arsenal out of the Woolwich Arsenal. (para. 6) 曼彻斯特联队的球员来自于约克郡和兰开夏郡铁路工人，谢菲尔德联队的队员原来是谢菲尔德的刀剪匠，而阿森那队的球员来自于伍尔威齐兵工厂。 Sheffield United out of the Sheffield cutlers and Arsenal out of the Woolwich Arsenal为并列省略句，谓语动词came已省略。 一个“郡”相当于我国的一个地区。,12.There is, of course, documented evidence of ball games, racket

32、 games and athletic games that date well before industrial capitalism. (para. 7) 当然，早在工业资本主义之前,有关球类比赛、球拍球类比赛和田径比赛的日期都有文字记载。,13. Performance enhancing drugs in sport have created huge press hysteria, in the main because sports stars are often thought of as moral guardians, but also because it undoes

33、one of the foundation stones of sport the notion of fair play. (para. 8) 运动员服用兴奋剂提高赛绩已引起媒体巨大的反响，主要因为体育明星常被当作道德卫士，而且因为服用兴奋剂破坏了体育竞赛的一个基石：公平比赛的观念。 “moral guardians” refers to sports stars who are supposed to protect moral principles.,III. Word study 1. bust v. A. to break I bust my watch this morning.

34、Tony busted the door down. His suitcase busted open, and everything went all over the floor in the hotel lobby. B. if the police bust someone, they charge them with a crime He was busted by U.S. inspectors at the border. bust somebody for something Davis got busted for drugs.,C. to try hard I bust a

35、 gut trying to finish that work on time. bust n. A. a model of someones head, shoulders, and upper chest, usually made of stone or metal Hopefully, some of the more level-headed members of the council can prevail and make the Boom Town fiasco a bust. There was a bust of Miguel de Unamuno at the bott

36、om of the staircase, and it seemed to have been defaced.,B. a measurement around a womans breast and back a 36-inch bust C. informal a situation in which the police go into a place in order to catch people doing something illegal a drug bust,busted adj. A. broken Julies arm is busted and she cant ta

37、ke care of herself. There he found a small writing table with a busted leg. B. not before noun caught doing something wrong and likely to be punished You guys are so busted!,2. discern v. A. to notice or understand something by thinking about it carefully Officials were keen to discern how much publ

38、ic support there was. The study of structure and function will to some extent discern similarities of process in these movements. B. to be able to see something by looking carefully; synonym perceive The telescope can discern objects incredibly distant in space.,discerning adj. showing the ability t

39、o make good judgments, especially about art, music, style，etc.; synonym discrimination The philosophy behind this hotel, according to manager Sture Rydman, is hospitality for the discerning and appreciative. Todays consumers are sophisticated, discerning and demand quality products with real taste a

40、nd flavour. discernible adj. discernibly adv.,3. instill v. instill BrE. / instil AmE. past tense and past participle instilled, present participle instilling to teach someone to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time We aim to teach the children discipline and instil a sen

41、se of duty. We have tried to instil good manners in our children from an early age. instil confidence/fear/discipline, etc. into somebody A managers job is to instil determination into his players.,4. outrage n. A. uncountable a feeling of great anger and shock The response to the jurys verdict was

42、one of outrage. Any attempts to lessen his prison sentence will cause public outrage. outrage at/over Prominent Republicans have expressed outrage at the decision. B. countable an event that produces great anger and shock, especially because it is cruel or violent Its an outrage that men who didnt f

43、inish high school sometimes earn more than women with college education.,outrage v. to make someone feel very angry and shocked Football fans and coaches were outraged that their schedules were being upset. Stopped by another outraged driver, the motorist was apologetic, saying he had forgotten the danger of his actions.,outrageous adj. A.