修改过的Pub Talk and the King.ppt2.ppt

1、Pub Talk and the Kings English,Henry Fairlie Team 3,Contents,Background Information,Aims,Detailed Study of the text,Exercises,Aims,1. To know how to make good conversation 2. To trace the history of the Kings English 3. To learn the methods in developing an expository writing,esp. the use of example

2、s 4. To analyse the features of spoken English 5. To appreciate the language features,Background Information,Writing style A piece of exposition what is Kings English ? What is pub talk ?,Background Information,Writing style The title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. It misleads the readers i

3、nto thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some instrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the kings English,Background Information,Writing style Whereas the writer, in reality , is just discouesing on what makes good conversation. He feels that bar conversation in the pub

4、has a charm of its own.,Background Information,Writing style The writer illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic the Kings English . The thesis -in the opening sentence of Para 1.,Background Information,Writing style Conv

5、ersation is the most sociable of all human activities . The last sentence of the last par .winds up the theme by pointing out what is the bane of good conversation .talking sense.,Background Information,Writing style The real thesis - in the 3rd para. Bar conversation has a charm of its own. A bette

6、r title would be : The Art of Good Conversation The Charms of Conversation,Background Information,The History of Britain The native people in Britain Celts -Celt (language) Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 years Latin(language),Background Information,The History of Britain In 449 Angles, Saxon, a

7、nd Jutes from Northwest of Germany,conquered the most Part of England England-old English,Background Information,The History of Britain 9th century, Scandinavian conquest Danish(language) 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language) British people conquered the conquest again.English

8、 won its recognition.,Background Information,History of the pub During the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existence the earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines（藤蔓） being displayed to advertise wine. By t

9、he fourteenth century, more abstract names were common.,Background Information,History of the pub Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since the Bronze Age. However, the origins of what we may now recognizes as the pub began to appear during the Roman

10、 colonisation(殖民化） of Britain, as places where travellers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks.These Roman taverns （客栈）remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain.,Background Information,History of the pub During the sixteenth and seventeenth cent

11、uries these establishments(设施); primarily sold beer and ale, until the first half of the eighteenth century when the so-called Gin Graze took hold, especially amongst the poorer classes as the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer. The 1751 Gin Act（松子酒法规） forced gin makers to sel

12、l only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates（地方官员）.,Background Information,History of the pub During the 19th Century the Wine and Beerhouse Act was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol. The Licensing Act 2003 repeale

13、d（废除） the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils.,Background Information,在表达过程中,这篇作品的主题游离不定。事实上,这正是本课的生花之处:整篇课文就像是一段酒肆闲聊,无拘无束、飘移不定。细品原文透着一股魅力:语言形式与作者表达内容的完美结合、课文风格与酒肆闲聊风格的高度统一。,Background Information,Fa

14、irlie: Henry Fairlie (1924-) is a contributing editor to The New Republic as well as a contributor to other journals. He is author of: The Kennedy Promise ; The Life of Politics ; and The Spoiled Child of the Western World. 2. The Washington Post: an influential and highly respected U.S. newspaper w

15、ith a national distribution 3. pub: contracted from public house ; in Great Britain a house licensed for the sale of alcoholic drinks.,Background Information,Alexandre Dumas pronounced: a.lk.sd dy.ma, born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (dy.ma da.vi d pa.jt.i) (24 July 1802 5 December 1870) was a Fren

16、ch writer, best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. Many of his novels, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte de Bragelonne were originally serialized.

17、He also wrote plays and magazine articles and was a prolific correspondent. Born in poverty, Dumas was the grandson of a French nobleman and a Haitian slave. 亚历山大仲马，称大仲马，法国19世纪浪漫主义作家。大仲马各种著作达300卷之多，主要为小说和剧作。大仲马信守共和政见，反对君主专政。2002年，大仲马去世132年后终于移入了法国先贤祠。,Background Information,三个火枪手大仲马 （1802-1870） 主人公达

18、尔大尼央是一个外省的贵族子弟达达尼昂(有音译为达尔大尼央)，来到巴黎后加入了国王路易十三的火枪队，并与另外三个火枪手结成了莫逆之交。王后安娜与英国首相白金汉有私情，安娜送了一串钻石坠子给白金汉；而与王后为敌的首相黎塞留却派人去英国偷得坠子上的两颗钻石，想使王后在舞会上出丑。达达尼昂自告奋勇与三位朋友一起去英国，几经周折终于取回坠子，保住了王后的名节。,Background Information,Nash:Thomas Nash (baptised 20 June 1593 died 4 April 1647) was the first husband of William Shakespe

19、ares granddaughter Elizabeth Barnard. He lived most of his life in Stratford-upon-Avon, and was the dominant male figure amongst Shakespeares senior family line after the death of Dr. John Hall, Shakespeares son-in-law, in 1635. 托马斯纳什（1567-1601年），英国讽刺作家和小册子作者。不幸的旅客（1954年）是一部以歹徒为题材的小说，开启了笛福、斯莫利特等人的探险

20、小说的先河。代表作贫穷的皮尔斯，他对魔鬼的恳求（Pierce Penniless， His Supplication to the Devil）（1592年）夏天的遗嘱（Summers Last Will and Testament）（1600年）,Background Information,Dekker： Thomas Dekker (1572. -1632), English dramatist and pamphleteer. Little is known of his life except that he frequently suffered from poverty and

21、served several prison terms for debt. Publications: The Shoe- maker s Holiday ; The Seven Deadly Sins of London ; The Gull s Hand- book; etc.,The movie star bore the same name as him,Background Information,Carlyle：Thomas Carlyle，托马斯卡莱尔（1795年12月4日 - 1881年2月5日）是苏格兰评论、讽刺作家、历史学家。他的作品在维多利亚时代甚具影响力。 主要作品 法

22、国革命The French Revolution 论英雄、英雄崇拜和历史上的英雄业绩On Heroes and Hero-Worship 过去与现在Past and Present,Background Information,Charles Lamb:查尔斯兰姆（17751834），英国散文家，笔名伊利亚。 代表作：莎士比亚戏剧故事集(Tales from Shakespeare，1807 与其姐姐玛丽合编) 伊利亚随笔(Essays of Elia，1823) 纪念诗笺（Album Verses，1830） 后期随笔集(Last Essays of Elia, 1833),Detailed

23、 Study of the text,Part 1:(par1-3) .Word 1. indulge: v.尽情享受、从事于 to allow oneself or someone else to have or do what they want e.g.: (1) Dont always indulge in empty talk. (2) This is no time to indulge in sarcasm. indulgence n.嗜好、纵容 e.g.: (1) I must ask the readers kind indulgence for any inaccuraci

24、es and omissions that may possibly occur. (2) We are sorry indeed that you have been troubled and we asked your indulgence. indulgent adj. 宽容的、放纵的 e.g.: They are indulgent parents. be indulgent of others shortcomings,Detailed Study of the text,2. as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows闲谈时

25、而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢 -meander (v.)漫步、闲逛 : wander aimlessly or idly；ramble leap（v）跳跃: to flow swiftly, joyously sparkle(v)闪耀、火花四射: to burn brightly, throwing off sparkles glow(v)发热、洋溢: to burn steadily without flame -mixed metaphor混杂隐喻：fire,Detailed Study of the text,3. conversationalist (n.) 交

26、谈者、尤指健谈者: a person who converses；esp. one who enjoys and is skilled at conversation 4. anecdote (n.)趣闻、轶事 : a short, entertaining account of some happening, usually personal or biographical 5. in a flash转瞬间、立刻: in a bat of an eye,Detailed Study of the text,6. up-bringing: an education received while

27、 growing up hyperbole or exaggeration夸张手法 Here: one who spends so much time in English pubs, a pub frequenter 7.on the rocks: metaphor. compare marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks. break up 8. get out of bed on the wrong side: unlucky. an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left

28、foot on the ground first when getting out of bed,Detailed Study of the text,9. delve v. to search deeply钻研、深入研究(in/into) e.g.: (1) He enjoys delving into her past. (2) Delve a little deeper if you really want to know the score. (3) If your site isnt easy to navigate, people will not stay around to d

29、elve deeper. 10. recesses: a secluded, inner place (al. pl.) 幽深处，隐秘处 e.g.：(1) I push the problem down into the dim recess of my mind. (2) The committee is going into recess for a couple of weeks.,Detailed Study of the text,.Paraphrase 1. Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. (Pa

30、r.1) -More than other human activities, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant relationship among people. 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊。,Detailed Study of the text,2. The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere. (Par.2) -The conversation is attractive because it doe

31、s not need a special topic to start a conversation. 3.There is no winning in conversation. (Par.2) -In a conversation, one doesnt try to prove oneself right and the others wrong.,Detailed Study of the text,4. The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been bro

32、ken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.(Par.3) -It is not a matter of interest/ importance if,Detailed Study of the text,Part2: (Par.4-11) 1. desultorily: at random, aimlessly 散漫地,断断续续,地不连贯地,随意 地 desultory adj. e.g.: (1) He broke into a desultory chat with me

33、over his business affairs. (2) The careful study of a few books is better than the desultory reading of many.,Detailed Study of the text,2. Australia: -Nation occupying the whole of Australia, the smallest continent, between the Indian Ocean and the southwest Pacific Ocean. Location -Its capital is

34、Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. -The first settlements there were penal colonies for British convicts. -Its aboriginal tribes, which still exist today, are thought to have migrated from Southeast Asia twenty thousand years ago. 3. snobbery（n)恃才傲物、势利 the behavior of a snob snob（n)势利小人 : a p

35、erson who pays too much attention to social class and dislikes or keeps away from people of a lower class snob snobbish: adj.势利的 e.g.: Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness?,Detailed Study of the text,4. scamper奔跑、疾驰: to run quickly, taking short steps, usu. playfully or (esp. of a small a

36、nimal) in fright受惊吓的动物 e.g.:(1) Giggling, the children scampered back into the house. (2) to take a scamper through（浏览） Mark Twain ; (3) to scamper through Mark Twain 5. turn up ones nose at 看不起、对.嗤之以鼻 cf. turn up the thumbs 赞扬 e.g.: Im bored with the intellectual snobbery of people who turn up thei

37、r noses at jazz. 我讨厌人们那种对爵士乐不屑一顾的文人般的势利。,Detailed Study of the text,6. we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. （Par. 11） （1）into the shoes: metaphor (Or more appropriately an idiomatic expression) to think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i.e. as i

38、f one were a Saxon peasant. （2）be in anothers shoes: to be in anothers position e.g.： I wouldnt be in your shoes for a million.给我一百万，我也不愿处于你的地位。 One that puts himself in shoes of others can learn the heartbeat of others and should never be worried about his own destiny 一个能从别人的观念来看事情，能了解别人心灵活动的人，永远不必

39、为自己的前途担心。 .,Detailed Study of the text,Part3：（Par.12-17） 1.Clip(v) to abbreviate 简化 (n)夹子、回形针 e.g.: (1) We clipped our visit by a week. (2) She wore a diamond clip on her new dress. 2. After five centuries of growth, of tussling with the French of the Normans and the Angevins and the Plantagenets an

40、d at last absorbing it, the conquered in the end conquering the conquerors. English had come royally into its own. （Para 13） （1）tussle争斗、扭打 : to fight, struggle, contend, etc, vigorously or vehemently; wrestle （2）come into ones own: to receive proper recognition 受到应有的重视 e.g.: With the success of the

41、 model T Ford, the automobile industry came into its own. 随着T型福特汽车的成功，汽车工业得到了应有的重视。,Detailed Study of the text,3.coin a phrase:用句老话说，俗语说 4. pejorative:(n)轻蔑语 (adj)贬低的、轻蔑的making or becoming worse; depreciative, derogatorily 5. facetious诙谐的、爱开玩笑的、逗人发笑的: lightly joking, esp. at an inappropriate time. e

42、.g.: He was so facetious that he turned everything into a joke. 6. Speak with the vigor of ordinary folk: -to use the strong language that ordinary people would use in such circumstances,Detailed Study of the text,7. Edict: (n.)法令；命令；布告: an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；d

43、ecree 8. Immune: immune (adj.) : exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful, resistant to e.g.: (1) He seems to be immune to criticism. (2) The criminal was told he would be immune if he helped the police.,Detailed Study of the text,9. ultimatum (n.)最后通牒: a final offer or dem

44、and, esp. by one of the parties engaged in negotiations，the rejection of which usually leads to a break in relations and unilateral action，the use of force etc., final demand, the tiptop, the highest ultimate adj.,Detailed Study of the textMetaphor,Paragraph 2. The charm of conversation.or just glow

45、s:混合隐喻修辞手法，把conversation比作a stream which meanders and leaps和fire which glows and sparkles. Paragraph 6 The o flames:把conversation比作a fire.,Detailed Study of the textMetaphor,Paragraph 8 The conversation was on wings:把conversation比作a bird flying and soaring. Paragraph 17 I have an unending lo

46、ve.dictionaries:把his eager interest in dictionaries比作having a love affair.,Detailed Study of the textMetaphor,Paragraph 18 the Kings English slips and slips：此处把在交谈中所讲的标准英语也会“离谱走掉（make a mistake)比作在行走中摔跤滑倒。 Paragraph 18 the sinister corridor of our age注意此处的隐喻修辞手法。The things we do,the road we travel i

47、n this age被比作a corridor.,Detailed Study of the textMetaphor,Paragraph 20 otherwise one will bind the conversation.here and there:此处把在闲谈过程中去查阅词典比喻为像一个绳索“捆绑”着闲谈。 Paragraph 20 We would never have gone.Norman Conquest:把talking about Australians and language used during Norman rule in England比作going to A

48、ustralia and going back in time to the Norman Conquest.,Exercises, . 1. Carlyle : Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), English essayist and historian born at Ecclefechan, a village of the Scotch lowlands. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been inten

49、ded, and determined to he a writer of hooks. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years (1828-1834 ). During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book

50、in which he first developed his char- acteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. In 1837 he published The French Revolution, a poetic

51、 rendering and not a factual account of the great event in history. Besides these two masterpieces, he wrote Chartism (1840), On Heroes, hero Worship, and the Heroic in History (I841), Past and Present (1843) and others. Carlylese, a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, col

52、 loquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences. One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation, among them were Mathew Arnold and Ruskin.,Exercises, . 2. Lamb : Charles Lamb (1775-1834), English essayi

53、st, was born in London and brought up within the precincts of the ancient law courts, his father being a servant to an advocate of the inner Temple. He went to school at Christs Hospital, where he had for a classmate Coleridge, his life-long friend. At seventeen, he became a clerk in the India House

54、 and here he worked for 33 years until he was re-tired on a pension. His devotion to his sister Mary, upon whom rested an hereditary taint of insanity, has done al-most as much as the sweetness and gentle humor of his writings to endear his name. They collaborated on several books for children, publ

55、ishing in 1867 their famous Tales from Shakespeare. His dramatic essays, Specimens of English Dramatic Poets (1808), established his reputation as a critic and did much in reviving the popularity of Eliza-be then drama. The Essays of Ella, published at intervals in London Magazine, were gathered tog

56、ether and republished in two series, the first in 1823, the second ten years later. They established Lamb in the title which he still holds, that of the most delightful of English essayists.,Exercises,. 1.A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will

57、go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoil

58、t. 2. The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lot of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each others private life and thoughts. 3. No. Conversation do

59、es not need a focus. But when a focal subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.,Exercises,. 4. The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject mentioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of the Kings English. When the people talked about the resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for English as it should be spoken, the conversation move