词汇学-- 复合词及其构词.ppt

1、Week 4,Sandy,President Pre + sid + ent Orient Ori + ent Advise Ad + vise Report Re + port,AdvertiseAd + vert + ise InsectIn + sect ImmediateIm + med + (i) + ate ConspireCon + spire,Conference Con + fer + ence Intervention Inter + ven(e) + tion Salary Sal + ary Minister Mini + ster,英语复合词,何为复合词？ 如何区分复

2、合词与自由词组？ 如何构成复合词？ 练习,何为复合词？P24,两个或两个以上的词 一定的顺序 结合在一起构成新词,Examples,sunrise / sunset pros and cons / life-and-death state-of-the-art / I-told-you-so jump-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse,如何区分复合词与自由词组？,复合词的特点 语法 语义 语音 书写,语法上，复合词的构词不受句法的限制；虽不合语法，但复合词组成成分之间存在一定程度逻辑； 语义上，复合词意义较为固定，一般一词一义；且意义往往不是组成成分的语义简

3、单相加； 语音上，重音通常落在第一个组成成分上，复合英语单词的重音规则； 书写上，合写，连写，分写3种写法，有两条通用原则可以起到帮助。,来看看这些可以写成一个词的复合词： blackbird（山雀）、whiteboard（白板）、skateboard（溜冰板）、greenhouse（温室） 如果组成复合词的单词的音节不止一个，这时候，就会写成带有连字符的形式，或是完全分开写。 bathroom / living room blackboard / drawing board 有些复合词用连字符连写，原因在于分开写不容易看成一个整体，或者分开之后会产生别的意义，而不合写的原因则是出于音节或书写

4、美观的考虑。 只是通用的规则而非固定的原则，慎用之。,如何构成复合词？,Comp n.复合名词 Comp adj.复合形容词 Comp v.复合动词 Comp prep.复合介词,Comp nouns p27,n+n adj+n adv+n v+n -ing+n n+v adv+v v+adv n+-ing prep+n adv+-ing / -ing+adv,Comp adj.复合形容词,以形容词为中心 以名词为中心 以-ing和-ed为中心,1 练习-选择一个合适的形容词翻译下列词组 absent-minded air-conditioned cold-blooded warm-heart

5、ed good-tempered far-fetched full-grown high-heeled old-fashioned short-sighted low-paid ready-made ill-advised mass-produced silver-plated panic-stricken duty-bound home-made 1）不明智的选择 2）牵强的回答 3）低报酬的工作 4）镀银的汤匙 5）成衣 6） 老式单车 7）惊慌失措的游客 8）高跟鞋 9）心不在焉的学生 10）空调房间 11）好性情的男人 12）义不容辞的责任,1）不明智的选择 2）牵强的回答 3）低报酬

6、的工作 4）镀银的汤匙 5）成衣 6）老式单车,an ill-advised choice a far-fetched answer 3) a low-paid job 4) a silver-plated spoon 5) ready-made clothes 6) an old-fashioned bicycle,7）惊慌失措的游客 8）高跟鞋 9）心不在焉的学生 10）空调房间 11）好性情的男人 12）义不容辞的责任,7) panic-stricken tourists 8) high-heeled shoes 9) absent-minded students 10) an air-

7、conditioned room 11) a good-tempered man 12) duty-bound obligation,2 练习-选择上面的合成形容词翻译下列词组 deep-sea first-class long-range part-time one-way second-hand all-mighty top-secret bullet-proof brand-new duty-free world-famous ice-cold nuclear-free 1）深海油井 2）绝密文件 3）一双崭新的鞋 4）万能的上帝 5）防弹汽车 6）远程导弹 7）旧家具 8）单向交流 9

8、）免税商品 10）上等茶 11）世界著名的大学 12）无核区,3 练习-选择合成形容词翻译下列词组 broken-down built-in see-through off-hand off-campus off-budget off-peak all-out out-door all-round out-and-out well-off face-to-face round the clock 一件薄得透明的衬衫 2) 一座破旧不堪的房子 3）一个内嵌的橱柜 4）户外活动 5）一个富裕的家庭 6）彻头彻尾的谎言 7）全面检查 8）非高峰时间的交通 9）连续二十四小时的讨论 10）即兴发言 1

9、1）预算外的开支 12）校园外的暴力 13）全力以赴的营救 14）面对面的交流,Comp V.合成动词,n. + v. v. baby-sit eavesdrop ghost-write proof-read sleep-walk spoon-feed tape-record water-ski sight-see spot-light nick-name adv. + v. v. overcharge overeat overhear overthrow undergo underwrite uphold uplift,adj./adv. + v. v. black-list backtra

10、ck back-pedal cross-examine ill-treat short-change short-circuit white-wash mass-produce 其他形式的合成动词 blow-dry deep-fry dilly-dally pooh-pooh spin-dry stir-fry tittle-tattle,合成动词的使用是现代英语中比较简练的表现手段。如果不用合成动词来表达，则句子往往显得冗长拖沓。 合成动词的使用有一定的局限性，不宜任意套用。,句子翻译,Most mothers breast-feed their babies instead of bott

11、le-feeding them. Wed like to window-shop this afternoon. He tends to read novels as he strap-hangs in a crowded bus. Blind children read by touch, deaf ones lip-read. After leaving Washington, he job-hopped, first serving as a lift operator, then a mechanic and finally a street-cleaner. It is better

12、 if you can hand-wash them. Dry-cleaning is never quite the same. He is a man who chain-drinks Pepsis.,The trend at the moment is towards _（多一些自然，少一些化妆）. _（去国营企业就职的想法）has little attraction to young people nowadays. Teachers are striking in protest at this years _（政府强加的工资解决方案）. These _（新设计的器件）will ap

13、pear on the exhibition next month. Aggressive treatment does not mean drugs alone. You may also need to increase your physical activity, eat more _（富含纤维的食物）and cut back on saturated fats and cholesterol.,_（客人们无休止的争吵）certainly spoiled their appetite for the banquet. Do you like the _（白雪覆盖）mountains i

14、n their majesty? Ive been making enquiries about _（环球旅行票的价格）. The cooperative movement started in Britain in the 19th century; cooperative societies set up shops to _（向贫民出售廉价物品）. Although _（长途电话费在上涨）, the charge for local calls will not alter.,Before we start, can I make sure that you _（充分意识到登山的危险性）

15、. Their aim is to find ways to satisfy the peasants demand to _（变低产田为高产田）. _（政府对香港的长远需求的最新研究报告）shows population will exceed nine million. _（许多国产机器）compared favorably with advanced standards. Although _（工作分担制计划一年前就开始）very few people have shown any interest in it.,He is suffering from fatigue and_（与压力有关的疾病）. I deem it appropriate that he _（和他老板交心谈一谈）before he gave up the job. Can you recommend any _（价钱公道的酒店）in Amsterdam? Computer technology makes it possible to _（将大量资料贮存在可机读的文档里）. When he read _（充满仇恨的的信件）, he stayed quiet and directed his anger inward.,Other Comp 其他复合词,合成代词 another s