定语从句wang.ppt

1、语法复习,定语从句,1.定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,2.从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,3.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词,4.引导词：,引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系 副词),5.引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系代词和关系副词的作用,Conclusion,引 导 词,关系代词,关系副词,在定语从句中作,主语或宾语,主语或宾语,宾语,主语或宾语,定语,时间,地点,原因,状语 状语 状语,在从句中作宾语可省去,先行词为,who that whom which whose,人 物/人 人 物 某人/某物的,When Where why

2、,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. 2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable. 3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. 4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time. 5.This is the factory_we visited last year. 6.This is the house _

3、Lincoln once lived.,why,thatwhich,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,7.(1) He still lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city.,whose,which,8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent tog

4、ether.,when,that,9.(1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _he explained is not true.,why,that,10.(1) We will meet at the same place_we met last month. (2) We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.,where,that,who,that （先行词为人） 有区别吗？,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,

5、ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。,He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.,2. 用that不用who的情况：,(1) 当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个who等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。,He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered t

6、here Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.,which,that (先行词为物） 有区别吗？,1.只用that不用which 的情况：,(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,everything.all等不定代词,（2）先行词既是人又是物。,（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。,（4）先行词被the very,the only,the last,who等修饰时。,All that can be

7、done has been done.,He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.,This is the very book that I am looking for.,Who that has such a home doesnt love it?,（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时,China is no longer the country that it used to be.,This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.,只能用which 的情况:,

8、2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which,(1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. (2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March. (4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground an

9、d broke.,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物),Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。,填一填 比一比,Those who _(break ) the law will be punished. Anyone who_(break) the law will be punished。 He is one of the students that _(come ) from Australia. He is the only one of the students that _(be) praised by the teacher at t

10、he meeting yesterday.,关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。,break,breaks,come,was,This is one of the most interesting books _were on show. (2) This is the only book _we need. (3) There is only a little _we can do to help you. (4) This is the very dictionary _we are looking for.,that,that,that,that,介词+关系代词,先

11、行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用which. 关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在 句尾，引导词可用that 或who,而且可省去。 关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词+which,1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown. (=why) 2.Ill never forget the day_ _ we stayed together. (=when) 3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news. 4.The person_ _ I

12、spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy all that you need.(=where) 6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;),for which,on which,from whom,to whom,in which,in which,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10

13、? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good v

14、iew is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,介词+关系代词

15、的情况 练习,问一问：,1.Whose 指物时，可以与其他结构互换吗？ 2.介词短语要提前吗？ 3.固定词组中的介词可以提前吗？,This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book_ _ _ _ is blue. This is the book _ _ _ _ is blue.,the cover of which,of which the cover,They came to a house, in front of which sat a small boy.,The baby that Im looking for is my

16、sisters daughter.,练一练：下列句子有几种译法？,1. 这是我妈妈曾经住过的地方。 2.那儿有一座山，山顶总是被雪覆盖着。,Translation: 1. This is the room where my mother once lived. This is the room in which my mother once lived. This is the room (which/that) my mother once lived in.,2.There is a mountain there whose top is always covered with snow.

17、 There is a mountain there the top of which is always covered with snow. There is a mountain there of which the top is always covered with snow.,基础巩固,(Correct mistakes),1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the small village where I grew up in. 3.This is the very place where w

18、e visited many years ago. 4. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground. 5. English is a subject I am interested. 6.The young man whom you are talking with has gone abroad. 7.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith? 8.The day will come which eve

19、ryone realize the danger of pollution. 9. That is the most difficult problem which Ive ever met with. 10.I will never forget the year on which we were both in America.,（多词）,（错用引导词）,（漏引导词）,（漏介词）,（错用介词）,（主谓不一致）,想一想 理一理,学好定语从句最关键的是什么？,定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先

20、行词之后。要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：,1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。,2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。,能力提升,1. Is this flat _you once lived in? Is this the flat _you once lived in? Is this the only flat_you once lived in ? Is this the fla

21、t in _you once lived? Is this the flat _you once lived ? Is this the only flat _you once lived? A.which B.the one C.that D.where,2. All_we need is more time. All_is needed is more time. A.that B.which C. D.A and B,the one,which/that,that,which,where,where,that/不填,that,4. Do you know the difficulty I

22、 had _out the problem? A.to work B. working C.worked D.work 5.All_studied this question_come to the same conclusion. A.that has;has B.who has ;have C.who have;have 6.Is there a restaurant around_I can have something to eat? A.which B.where C,that D.what 7.The school_I studied ten years ago is _we vi

23、sited yesterday. A.where ;that B.that ;which C.where; the one D.which;that 8.The man _you met just now will go to Nanjing to have a meeting. Which of the following can not be put in the blank? A.that B. whom C.which D. E.who,B,C,B,C,C,Well done!,定语从句几种句型归纳：,1.This is the most exciting football match

24、 that I have ever seen.,2.I dont like the way in which/that/不填 you laughed at others.,3.It is the third time that you have been late this week.ew,It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.,4.The reason why/that he didnt attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.,5. The reason

25、 for his failure is that he didnt work hard.,三.非限制性定语从句,定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）,1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. 3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself

26、. 4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that 引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。,限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句,难点解析：,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词 + whomwhich,The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army.,2.介词 短语 + whichwhom,The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which li

27、es a well.,3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom,There are many books here , none of which belongs to me.,China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.,4.名词+ of which,She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten.,=she joined the army on that day,=and a well lies in front of it.,=and none

28、 of them belongs to me.,=and one of them is Luxin,=and I have forgotten the title of it,做做试试：,1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year. 2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help. 3.China has a lot of islan

29、ds ,the largest_ _is Taiwan. 4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.,which,to,whom,of,which,none,of,whom,which,of,whom,你知道吗?,As 也可以用来引导定语从句.,1.He is not such a man as only thin

30、k of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday. 3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4.I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.,当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,比一比：,t

31、he same ()as the same()that. (1) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支笔和我昨天丢失的一样 (2) This is the (very) same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔,such/soas such/sothat (1)Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. (2)It is such a heavy box

32、 that no one can lift it.,试一试 This is the same book that/as I lent you.,请讨论：as ,which 引导非限制性定语从句 有什么不同吗？,1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park,was a great success. (2) All the books , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但whic

33、h引导的从句不 放句首。 (1)Crusos dog became ill and died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, Our football team lost the match again.,3.as 引导的从句有(正如),(就象),(由而知）等含义. (1)Taiwan is a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very careful,as her work shows, (3)The lady is very learned,as is said i

34、n the book.,定语从句和其它句型的转换,1.定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China. -There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC office

35、s. -At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.,分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,broadcast,waiting,2.定语从句和并列句 1. I have never seen the Tower of London, which used to be a prison. -I have never seen the T

36、ower of London _ there used to be a prison. 2. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. -I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. 3. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _ there is a pair of glasses. 4.On May 5 we reached Beij

37、ing, _ we stayed for a week.(=and there) 5. In the reading room there is a table ,_you can sit there to read. A.at which B.in which C.where D.and 6.Toms mother kept telling Tom not to smoke, _ didnt help.(=but it),分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键,and,which,whom,where,D,which,3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a bi

38、g stone _no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？,分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,that,as,in which,where,4.定语从句和 with介词短语 (1) The man with a hat on his head is