Unit 4 text II confucius教学总结.ppt

1、Unit 4 Text II Confucius, the Philosopher,Designed by Shirley Hwang,Contents,Lead-in activities Structure listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety. Knowledge （智）He was of an active nature and yet fond of lea

2、rning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn from his inferiors.,integrity （信） Keepwhatyousayandcarryoutwhatyoudo. Loyalty （忠）The emperor is the emperor, the minister is the minister, the father is the father, and the son is the son. Filial piety （孝）while his parents are alive, the son may not tra

3、vel too far. If its necessary to travel, there should be a definite direction,The Structure,This text can be divided into three parts Part 1( Para.1-6) Master Kung gave his disciples very strict intellectual training. Part2 ( Para.7-13) Two examples of how disciples urgent questions stimulated Maste

4、rs mind and made him give the most notable sayings. Part3(Para.14-17) Confucius enjoyed appraising the character of men of the past and his time including his disciples.,The Main Idea,It mainly describes Master Kungs requirements on his students as well as himself and in some informal conversations

5、with his students, Master Kung shows his brilliant thoughts.,Analysis of the Text,Master Kung: also spelled Kong, the title of honor for Confucius 孔夫子,1)Master Kung kept his disciples under rigid mental discipline.,Master Kung gave his students very strict intellectual training. disciple: someone wh

6、o believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another; e.g. Hes Jesus favorite disciple in the Gospel of John,2) regarding: you can use regarding to indicate the subject that is being talked or written about. 关于; 至于,e.g. The proposal regarding safety in production was called up in the conference th

7、is morning.,3) A few for that reason gained a questionable fame for they are known to history only because of the humiliating reproofs the Master gave them .,e.g. A few of Confucius students gained their fame not because of their brilliant thoughts but because of Confucius criticism on them.,4) Acco

8、rding to his own statements he made no attempt to sugar-coat the pill of learning.,He said he would never make any effort to make learning an easy matter.,sugar-coat V. coated by sugar, to make sth. sound reasonable and acceptable;,e.g. Hedidnttrytosugar-coatthenewsbecausetheyhave arelationshipoftot

9、altrust.,5) to the effect that: used to refer to the general sense or meaning of something written or spoken 大意是;,e.g. The president made a declaration to the effect that the government would try every means to rescue the hostage.,6) but his disciples were warmly attached to him and he was warmly at

10、tached to them . Both of Confucius and his students have a deep affection to each other.,be attached to: full of affection or fondness e.g. He is deeply attached to Dudu, his dog, who has accompanied him for nearly eight years.,7) He had no charity for sloth and laziness ,He could not tolerate those

11、 who were lazy and reluctant to work hard.,charity: kindness and tolerance in judging others (对他人)宽容，宽厚,My mother often tells me that it is a virtue to look upon others with charity,8) Rotten wood cannot be carved, a wall of dirty earth will not receive the trowel!:,You cannot carve anything out of

12、rotten wood nor plaster up wall built up of rubbish. 朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也。,9)He was constantly impressing on his disciples the sacrifices that must be made in the name of scholarship ,He continuously fixed in the mind of his students the idea that one had to give up comfort for the sake of making academi

13、c achievements.,10)be quick to do sth.: do sth. immediately,His friends dare not play jokes on him as he is quick to take offence.,Similarly, he would immediately reprove the students who accepted his teachings without dissent or doubt.,11) their unquestioning acceptance of his teachings brought equ

14、ally prompt condemnation.,Both the master and his students are very lucky in selecting each other, although sometimes the master selected his students without full consideration.,12)The master was probably as fortunate in his involuntary selection of disciples as,Lao-tze,13) Lao-tze: also spelt Lao-

15、tzu, Lao Tse, founder of Daoism (道家), which established the earliest ontology (本体论) and cosmology (宇宙论) in China. Little is known about his life and he is said to be a contemporary of Confucius. The central concept of his philosophical system is The Dao (or Tao, often translated as “the Way”), which

16、 is also the core of classical Chinese philosophy. His book Dao De Jing is the first work with a comprehensive philosophical system in the history of Chinese Philosophy.,14) One thought of Daoism mentioned in the text: Injury should be recompensed by kindness The Masters view: Recompenseinjury and e

17、vil with justice! recompensekindnesswithkindness, good with good. 何以报德？以德报德，以善报善。以直报怨，,15) altruism-humanity,Do not do unto others what you would not have others do unto you. 己所不欲，勿施于人。,16) “My way with men was to hear their words and give them credit for the conduct. Now my way is to hear their wor

18、d, and look at their conduct.”,始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行 Q: what makes Confucius change in studying the character of people ?,17) ) how far a horse fly can travel on the tail of a horse,Yan Hui , the masters favorite student is compared to a horse fly (牛虻). Its a metaphor used in a satirical way to indicate that Hui was given high hon