Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 课件.ppt

1、Module 4 Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,概念,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。,定语从句,关联词,常见的关联词有关系代词that， which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。,由that引导的定语从句,一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。如

2、： 1.The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。 指人作主语不可省略 2.This is the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday. 这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生。 指物作宾语可省略 3.The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。 指物作宾语可省略,由which引导的定语从句,which指物，在从句中作主语或

3、谓语动词的宾语。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： 1.Mary likes music which is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 作主语不可省略 2.The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 作宾语可省略 3.The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum=The house that Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Mus

4、eum=The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。 注意点关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。,由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句,who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。whose在从句中作定语。如： 1.This is

5、the thief who stole my bike这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。作主语可省略who=that 2.He is the boy whom you wanted to find他就是你想要找的那个男孩。 作宾语不可省略 whom=that 3.The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。 作定语,由where，when和why引导的定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如： 1.I will never forget t

6、he day when I joined the League我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。 2.He will go back to the school where he studied next week下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。 3.I dont know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。,注意：（1）介词 + which/whom,介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词 + which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house ( which /that) we lived in last

7、 year. =This is the house in which we lived last year. 不能说This is the house in that we lived last year. that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。 The person whom/who/that you just talked to is Mr. Li.= The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. 你刚才谈的人是李先生。,注意（2）,含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： T

8、his is the person whom / that you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。,注意（3）关系词只能用 that 的情况：,a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which。例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 wh

9、ich。例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c. 先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。例如： This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。,d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which。例如： I can remember well the persons and some picture

10、s that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只 能用 that。例如： Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which。例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。,（4）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：,a. 先行词为 that， those

11、 时，用 which， 而不用 that。例如： Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that。例如： Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴 。,Exercises,Is this the factory _ he visited yesterday?

12、A. that B. where C. what D. the one 2.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 4.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that,5. The girl _an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 6. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talke