M4U1Grammar直接引语和间接引语(1)

1、M4U1 Grammar,Direct speech and reported speech,He said ,”I lost a key here today.”,Direct speech 直接引语,He said (that) he had lost a key there that day,Reported speech间接引语,直接引语和间接引语 定义：交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话 1. 一种是原封不动地引用原话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech） 2. 另一种用自己的话加以转述，称为间接引语( The Indirect Speech)。,He sai

2、d ,”I lost a key here today.”,He said (that) he had lost a key there that day,观察两句话的不同之处：,直接引语与间接引语转化 变化之处： 1.句子结构(sentence structure) 【标点+陈述语序】 2.人称代词 (personal pronouns) 3.时态 (tenses) 4.时间、地点状语(adverbials of time and places),He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room”,He said to Lily,“ you mus

3、t get up early”,1、人称的变化,She said to me ,“ They want to help him”,She told me that that _wanted help him,He told Lily that _must get up early.,He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,he,her,my,she,they,2. 时态的变化： (1). 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 He says, “I live in London.” = He says that he

4、 _ in London. (2). 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态往过去推, 作如下变化：,lives,过去进行(was/were doing),过去完成(had done),过去完成(had done),过去将来(would do),不变,过去完成进行(had been doing),一般过去(did),He said, “I live in London.” = He said that he _ in London. He said, “I am living in London now.” = He said that he _in London then. H

5、e said, “I will live in London next year.” = He said that he _ in London the next year. He said, “I lived in London for years.” = He said that he _ in London for years.,lived,was living,would live,had lived,(3) 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。The teacher said, The earth moves around the sun.=The teach

6、er said that the earth _ around the sun.,moves,3.时间状语转换：,then,that day /yesterday/on Saturday, etc.,the next day / the following day /on Tuesday, etc.,the day before / the previous day /on Tuesday, etc.,the week after /the following week, etc.,the year before/the previous year, etc.,a week before /a

7、 week earlier, etc.,直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,练习：把下列句子改为间接引语,1. I will come and see you again next week, Tom, he said. 2. I saw Tom last night, she said. 3. The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.,He told Tom that he would go and see him again the following week.,She said tha

8、t shed seen Tom the night before.,The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next/ following day.,4.地点状语，指示代词，动词的变化 地点状语的变化：herethere 指示代词的变化：thisthat thesethose 动词的变化：comego bringtake,She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He

9、 said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,Exercise: Page 9,Answers: was (2) Would be (3) had read (4) that (5) would,(6) had bought (7) that (8) would (9) those

10、(10) her,Exercise: Page 92,C1: your, tomorrow (2)I did, last I havent (3) Have you had (4) I finished yesterday,(5) am going (6) Will come (7) have to today wont tomorrow,M4U1 Grammar (2),Direct speech and reported speech,直接引语 间接引语:,陈述句(statements),疑问句(questions),祈使句(imperative sentences),一般疑问句,特殊疑问

11、句,1. 陈述句: 用that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略 。语序不变,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,advise explain insist promise announce suggest warn,1. She said “ Ill come this evening

12、.” She said (that) she would go that evening. 2. My sister said to me, “Im leaving tomorrow.” My sister told me (that) she was leaving the next (following) day. 3.He said, “My mother is not here now.” He said (that) his mother was not there then.,Tod said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he w

13、as waiting for his change.,注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略。,Tod said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零钱)”.,2. 一般疑问句: whether / if引导的宾语从句 They asked him,” Is it easy to solve the problem?”,They asked him,whether/if,It is easy to solve the problem.,it is easy to solve

14、the problem,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to solve the problem.,They asked him, “ Do you have a car?”,They asked him,Whether/if,you have a car,you have a car.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had a car.,2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语,They asked him, “Can you play the guitar?”,They asked him,Whethe

15、r/if,You can play the guitar,you can play the guitar.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the guitar.,They asked him. “Are you a student?”,They asked him,Whether/if,you are a student,you are a a student.,he,was,They asked him whether he was a student.,注意：选择疑问句和反义疑问句 He asked me, “Do you

16、 live in London or Paris?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris. He asked me, “You live in London, dont you?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.,3. 特殊疑问句: wh-词引导的宾语从句 They asked him, ”when do you live in London?”,They asked him,when,you live in London,you live in London.,he,h

17、arvested,They asked him when he lived in London.,lived,She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science. 2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat. 3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?” Shirley asked me _ _

18、_ born. 4. “ Whats wrong with you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,其它可用于此结构的动词： Dont worry, Mickey, Jen said. Jen _Mickey not to worry. Dont believe every ad you read, Lily said to me. Lily _ me not to believe every ad I re

19、ad.,advise encourage invite remind warn,4. 祈使句：动词不定式,当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell, ask, order等, 并把直接引语的祈使句变成带(not) to的不定式短语。 句型：tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth.,asked/told,told/advised,The teacher said to the students, Stop talking. The teacher _the students _ talking. The teacher said to us

20、, Dont play in class. The teacher _us _ in class.,asked/told,to stop,asked/told,not to play,Summary 总结 1.当直接引语是陈述句：由( that) 引导 宾语从句，结构是： 主语+said/told( that)（时态往过去推) 2.当直接引语是一般疑问句: 用 whether /if引导宾语从句 主语+asked+ whether/if +从句,3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导（what / where等） 主语 +asked+特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 4.当直接引语是祈使句时用句型： 主语+ told/ asked sb (not) to do sth,Exercise: Page 11,A 2.Wang Qin asked how it could help him remember English words. 3. Lu Kai asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking. 4 Liu Fang asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software. 5 Gu Jin asked wh