定语从句结构图解

1、定语从句结构图解语法概述定语从句是高中阶段的一个重要的语法,也是每年高考必考的语法之一。对绝大部分学生来说，要掌握好它是非常困难的。在此,笔者谈谈在定语从句的实际教学中的两点体会-五大基本句型的复习和定语从句结构图解。愿能以飨读者。一、 五大基本句型 五大基本句型是初中英语中已学过的最基本的句型。在老师的眼中学生早就掌握了，这样你就可能高估了学生的能力。在讲定语从句之前,你一定要给学生复习复习,(尤其是双宾结构和宾语补足结构)。它们是定语从句的基础。否则,学生在学定语从句时,就无法找出先行词在从句所作的成分。(一)五大基本句型如下：1.S+V eg. The spot meeting will

2、 begin next week S + V + Tom didt go to work for his sore foot today. S + V + + 2.S+V+O eg. Mummy treats me like a baby. S + V + O + 3.S+V+P eg. Bamboo is hollow inside. S + V+ P + 4.S+V+O（间）+O（直） eg. My sister shows me a new vase; S + V + （O间）+（O直）5.S+V+O+C eg. We usually call him Jim. S + V + O +

3、C(n)Our chinese should make each foreigner feel friendly. S + V + O + C(inf.)This news make us surprised. S + V + O + C(adj.) (二) 双宾结构和宾语补足结构的区别:宾语补足结构中,宾语与其补足语间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，可以在宾语和补语间加上一个be 动词进行判断;而双宾结构中直接宾语和间接宾语之间则没有。主句:S+V+(修饰语)+先行词从句:关系词 + (修饰语) + S + V + (修饰语) + O + 状语关系副词关系代词时间状语地点状语原因状语方式状语whenw

4、herewhyhowduring/at/on+whichat/in+whichfor+whichin+whichwho/thatwhich/hatwhose=of which/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich/as有无the/theonly修饰one;有则V用单数 117:46:17246:171:46:173:46:174:46:17117:46:172:46:17317:46:174117:46:17有the first, only,few修饰,只用that四、实战演练(一)、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.That is the factory _ I worked l

5、ast year.2.That is the factory _ I visited last year.3.Ill never forget the days _ we stayed happily together.4.Ill never forget the days _ we spent happily together.5.The reason _ Mary was late for class is unknow.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting is not true.7.Look out! Dont get too clos

6、e to the house _ roof is under repair.8.The Nanjing-changjiang Bridge is the longest bridge _ has ever been built since liberation.9.The man died last night, _ is a lie; _ is known to all,the earth is round.10.He is one of the students who _ here just now. He is the only one of the students who _ he

7、re just now.【解析】:1、 从句属五大句型(1)，先行词the factory在句中作地点状语，在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系副词where。2、 从句属五大句型(2), 先行词the factory在句中作visited的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系代词which/that。3、 从句属五大句型(1)，先行词the days在句中作时间状语，在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系副词when。4、 从句属五大句型(2), 先行词the days在句中作spent的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系代词which/that。5、 从句属五大句型(2)，先行词the r

8、eason在句中作原因状语，在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系副词why。6、 从句属五大句型(2), 先行词The reason在句中作explained的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系代词which/that。7、 从句属五大句型(3)，先行词the house在句中作主语的修饰语，在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系代词whose/of which the,因为whose roof=of which the roof/the roof of which。8、 从句属五大句型(1), 先行词bridge在句中作主语, 且先行词前有the longest修饰,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填

9、关系代词that。9、 从句属五大句型(3)，先行词是指整个从句的内容, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填关系代词which/as和 As。注意:as常与said,imagined,well-known,expected,pointed out,see.连用。10、 从句属五大句型(3)，在结构图中，按线路，应填were和was。(短语one of the students前无修饰语,因此先行词应为the students, 故V应用复数概念; 如果one of the students前有the/the only修饰语, 先行词则为one, 则用单数概念) (二)、用适当的介词+关系代词填空。1

10、.The fur coat _ the lady was dressed was very expensive.2.It is a family of eight children,all_ are studying music.3.The family_ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.4.He has written a book, the name _ I have completely forgotten.5.The emperor,_ the papace was built, was very cruel.6.The town,

11、_ they came, was in the north of the provinc.7.Can you suggest a time_ it will be convenent to meet?8.The story,_ the film is based, is a true one.9.Is this the man _ house the police found your lost TV set?10.The books on this theory,_ this is one example, are all written in easy English. 【解析】:1、 从

12、句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词the fur coat在句中作be dressed (in) 的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填in which。2、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词children在句中与all (of)一起作主语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填of which。3、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词The family在stay in +地点+(with) sb结构中构成(with) sb，在句中作方式状语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填with whom。4、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词a book在句中与the name (of)一起作forg

13、otten的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填of which。5、 从句属五大句型(1), 按题意先行词The emperor在do sth (for) sb 结构中作介词的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填for whom。6、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词The town在句中作come (from) 的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填from which。7、 从句属五大句型(3), 按题意先行词a time在to do sth (at)+时间结构中构成(at)+时间，在句中作时间状语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填at which。8、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行

14、词The story在句中作be based (on) 的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应填on which。9、 从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词the man在find sth (from) sbs house 结构中与house一起作介词的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填from whose。10、 从句属五大句型(1), 按题意先行词this theory在one example(of)结构中作介词的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应填of which。 (三)、选择填空。1.-Mom, what did your doctor say? -He advised me to li

15、ve _the air is fresher. 2006年 (四川卷) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 【解析】从句属五大句型(3), 先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】2. I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. 2006

16、年（重庆卷）A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 【解析】从句属五大句型(1), 按题意先行词the direction用在come (from) 后构成(from) the direction在句中作方式状语, 在结构图中，按线路进行进行，应填from which。【D】3. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. 2006年（广东卷） A.

17、as B. if C. when D. where【解析】从句属五大句型(3)，先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句,应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2006年（北京卷） A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填【解析】从句属五大句型(2), 先行词

18、Women在句中作主语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【C】5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses. 2006年（湖南卷）A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 【解析】从句属五大句型(4), 按题意先行词them在句中作give sth to sb结构作介词的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【B】。 6. She was educated

19、 at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. 2006（陕西卷）A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 【解析】从句属五大句型(2)，按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中又构成了(after) sth作介词的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【A】。 7. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 2006年（天津卷）

20、A. what B. that C. how D. as【解析】从句属五大句型(3), 按题意先行词是指整个主句的内容,在句中作remember的宾语, 在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【D】。8. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. 2006年（浙江卷） A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which【解析】从句属五大句型(2), 按题意先行词three books在句中与the first (of)一起作enjoyed的宾语,在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【B】。9. My

21、most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. 2006年（江苏卷） A. oneB. the oneC. heD. someone【解析】从句属五大句型(5), 按题关系代词为who已给出,在句中作主语。 本题是考察根据从句找出先行词。根据题意关系代词指人，常用the one代替，故选【B】 10. Were just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down togethe

22、r and talk. 2006年（山东卷） A. where B. that C. when D. which 【解析】从句属五大句型(1)，先行词a point在句中作地点状语，在结构图中，按线路进行，应选【A】。11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_ is always busy at the weekend. 2006年（上海春季）A. that B. where C. what D. which【解析】从句属五大句型(3), 先行词the shopping centre在句中作主语,在结构图中，按线路进行，且该句为非限制性定语从句，故【D】12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.