古诗词对比评析之二： 好了歌注.ppt

1、百度文库1215A,古诗词对比评析之二: 好了歌注,好了歌注两译文对比评析 红楼梦是中国古典小说发展的顶峰。书中的近200多首诗词曲赋集中地体现了该小说的思想内容和艺术成就。在其他传统小说中，诗词曲赋往往是可有可无的闲文，而红楼梦中的诗词曲赋则是小说故事情节和人物描写的有机组成部分。因此有人说：读不懂红楼梦 的诗词曲赋就谈不上对整部作品思想及艺术价值的理解与研究。,百度文库1215A,在这200多首诗词曲赋中，好了歌可以说是整部小说的文眼。好了歌注作为好了歌的注解，更是整部小说文眼的文眼。因此，红楼梦的英译研究，不能不重视好了歌注的英译对比研究。下面，笔者就好了歌注的两个全译本中对好了歌注的翻

2、译，作一粗浅的评述，进而探讨有关翻译中译者主体性的问题。,百度文库1215A,红楼梦自公开发行以来，历经160多年，据统计迄今已有9个英文版本，包括节译、编译和全译。其中，以英国汉学家大卫霍克斯（David Hawkes）、约翰闵福德（John Minford）的译文和我国著名翻译家杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇的译文最为权威。本文就从这两个版本的好了歌注英译，展开评述。,百度文库1215A,【好了歌注及其解释】好了歌注（第一回）,陋室空堂，当年笏满床；衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。说什么脂正浓、粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？昨日黄土陇头送白骨，今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转

3、眼乞丐人皆谤。正叹他人命不长，哪知自己归来丧！训有方，保不定日后作强梁。择膏梁，谁承望流落在烟花巷！因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长：乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。甚荒唐，到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳。,百度文库1215A,红楼梦开篇不久，甄士隐家破人亡，贫病交迫，光景难熬。一日上街散心，遇一跛足道人念好了歌。甄士隐听了跛足道人那番“好便是了，了便是好”的话后，顿时省悟到儒家传统人伦观念的致命缺陷。受道教超然态度的感染，他当场做了这首歌，自称替好了歌作注解。一首好了歌注形象地勾画出封建社会末期一个大家族兴衰荣辱迅速传递的历史图景。在这里，封建伦理道德的虚伪、败坏，政治风云的动

4、荡、变幻，以及人们对现存秩序的怀疑、失望等时代性特征，在歌中表现得清清楚楚。,百度文库1215A,好了歌注中说的种种荣枯悲欢，绝大部分有小说的具体情节为依据。如歌的开头，就对以贾府为代表的四大家族富贵繁华之后的败亡结局作了预示。“蓬窗”换作“绿纱”的，是指贾雨村等新贵暴发户。一边送葬一边寻欢之类的丑事，是隐指贾珍在他父亲的热丧之中，仍和两个尤氏姊妹厮混不已的事。当然也可能是泛指贾府子弟中贾赦、贾琏等人的寡鲜廉耻。沦为乞丐的是指贾宝玉。,百度文库1215A,红楼梦庚辰本脂砚斋曾批，贾宝玉后来“寒冬噎酸齑（腌菜），雪夜围破毡”，即为这点。“作强梁”的，应是指曾一度在外浪迹、萍踪侠影的柳湘莲。择佳婿

5、而流落烟花巷的，是指王熙风贾琏之女贾巧姐。嫌乌纱帽小而导致锁枷扛的，指的是贾赦、贾雨村等人。小说后面有他们因贪财作恶而获重罪的情节。贾雨村的贪财枉法、草菅人命、拍马钻营，从“葫芦僧乱判葫芦案”一回中给予了逼真的描述。穿紫袍的，据研究是指贾兰。红楼梦中贾兰的官运虽未明写，但可从李纨册子的判词和曲子中得到印证。除以上所提之外，歌中的一些话似乎带有普遍性，如脂浓粉香，一变而为两鬓如霜，可说是自然规律，也可能是对大观园中一些女儿的概括描写。,百度文库1215A,至于“正叹他人命不长，哪知自己归来丧”之类，要落实到具体某个人，是连红学家们也难考证的事，暂且不予深究。“乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场”的景象，是封建

6、社会末期其社会内部动荡、变幻不定的真实写照。结尾处，作者企图向人们指明出路，但他自己也茫然而无能为力了，只好借助于睿智的语言去重复那些人生无常、万境皆空的虚无的宗教观。,百度文库1215A,好了歌注并非格律诗。从形式和节奏上看，它比较接近我国文学史上的元曲。但它也具有明显的诗词特征，如有对仗、有押韵等。如第五句的“昨日黄土陇头送白骨，今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯”是汉语诗歌典型的对仗句。还有前两句的“陋室空堂，当年笏满床；衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场”也可算作对仗。就用韵来说，通篇只押一个韵，韵脚押在ang上。从整体上讲，这首歌很讲究诗歌的音韵美。,百度文库1215A,陋室空堂，当年笏满床；,杨宪益译: Mea

7、n huts and empty halls Where emblems of nobility once hung;,Hawkes 译: Mean hovels and abandoned halls Where courtiers once paid daily calls;,百度文库1215A,衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。,杨宪益译: Dead weeds and withered trees, Where men have once danced and sung,Hawkes 译: Bleak haunts where weeds and willows scarcely thrive W

8、ere once with mirth and revelry alive.,百度文库1215A,蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又糊在蓬窗上。,杨宪益译: Carved beams are swathed in cobwebs But briar-choked casements screened again with gauze;,Hawkes 译: Whilst cobwebs shroud the mansions gilded beams, The cottage casement with choice muslin gleams.,百度文库1215A,说什么脂正浓、粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？

9、,杨宪益译: While yet the rouge is fresh, the powder fragrant, The hair at the temples turns hoary for what cause?,Hawkes 译: Would you of perfumed elegance recite? Even as you speak, the raven locks turn white.,百度文库1215A,昨日黄土陇头送白骨，今宵红灯帐底卧鸳鸯。,杨宪益译: Yesterday, yellow clay received white bones; Today, red l

10、anterns light the love-birds nest;,Hawkes 译: Who yesterday her lords bones laid in clay, On silken bridal-bed shall lie today.,百度文库1215A,金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤。,杨宪益译: While men with gold and silver by the chest Turn beggars, scorned by all and dispossessed.,Hawkes 译: Coffers with gold and silver filled: No

11、w, in a trice, a tramp by all reviled.,百度文库1215A,正叹他人命不长，哪知自己归来丧！,杨宪益译: A life cut short one moment makes one sigh, Who would have known its her turn next to die?,Hawkes 译: One at some others short life gives a sigh, Not knowing that he, too, goes home to die!,百度文库1215A,训有方，保不定日后作强梁。,杨宪益译: No matter

12、 with what pains he schools his sons, Who knows if they will turn to brigandry?,Hawkes 译: The sheltered and will-educated lad, In spite of all your care, may turn out bad,百度文库1215A,择膏梁，谁承望流落在烟花巷！,杨宪益译: A pampered girl brought up in luxury May slip into a quarter of ill fame;,Hawkes 译: And the delica

13、te, fastidious maid End in a foul stews, plying a shameful trade.,百度文库1215A,因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；,杨宪益译: Resentment at a low official rank May lead to fetters and a felons shame.,Hawkes 译: The judge whose hat is too small for his head Wears, in the end, a convicts cangue instead,百度文库1215A,昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长：,杨宪益译: I

14、n ragged coat one shivered yesterday, Today a purple robe he frowns upon;,Hawkes 译: Who shivering once in rags bemoaned his fate, Today finds fault with scarlet robes of state.,百度文库1215A,乱烘烘你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。,杨宪益译: Alls strife and tumult on the stage, As one man ends his song the next comes on. To tak

15、e strange parts as home,Hawkes 译: In such commotion does the worlds theatre rage: As each one leaves, another takes the stage, In vain we roam. Each in the end must call a strange land home.,百度文库1215A,甚荒唐，到头来都是为他人作嫁衣裳。,杨宪益译: Is folly past compare; And all our labor in the end Is making clothes for someone else to wear.,Hawkes 译: Each of us with that poor girl may compare Who sews a wedding-gown for another bride to wear.,百度文库1215A,整体而言， 两译本都尽可能以诗译诗，并且凑巧的是都将原好了