翻译3(new).ppt

1、翻译讲解,第三周,总体来说，我不同意题中表达的观点。首先，我想指出“传统技能和传统生活方式”并不当然地是某个国家的，而是一定的文化或者群体的。 Overall, I disagree with the opinion expressed. I would like to begin by pointing out that “traditional skills and ways of life” are not automatically of one country, but of a culture or community.,在很多方面而言，人类文明史就是技术史：从火的发现，到轮子的发

2、明，再到因特网的发展，我们一直从以前的做事方式开始，继续前行。 In many ways, the history of civilization is the history of technology: from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development of the Internet, we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things.,有些技术，比如大规模杀伤武器，会有负面影响。 Some technologies, su

3、ch as weapons of mass destruction, are of negative impact.,另外一些技术，比如医学技术的进步，则积极地帮助人类生活的更加美好或更加长寿，因此技术极大地帮助了我们的传统生活方式。 Others, such as medical advances, positively help people to live better and linger, and so very much help traditional ways of life.,当然，没有人会想方设法去保存类似在洞穴里居住的传统。 Surely, few people woul

4、d seek to preserve such traditions as living in caves.,有意思的是，科技还能对保存一些传统技能和生活方式作出积极的贡献。 Interestingly, technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive of traditional skills and ways of life.,比如，有些小岛上人口太少，无法拥有常规的学校，教育部门已经可以使用因特网在线传递学校教育，而不用把孩子送往大陆而使他们家人分离。 For example, the populations of so

5、me islands are too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities have been able to use the Internet to deliver schooling online.,再如，因特网以及现代冷冻技艺正在被用来保存制作鲑鱼的传统技艺。现在在世界的任何地方都可以订购，并能送货上门。 In addition, the Internet, together with

6、 modern refrigeration techniques, is being used to keep alive the traditional skills of producing salmons; it can now be ordered from and delivered to, anywhere in the world.,总之，我并不是说所有技术都一定是有益的，我认为用技术来保存传统无论如何都绝不是“没有意义的”。 In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good, I

7、think it is by no means “pointless”, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology.,我们不应该忽略技术，因为它可以是我们的朋友，支持我们的生活方式。 We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friend and support our way of life.,The reason for not classifying carbon dioxide as a pollutant is that it is a n

8、atural component of the atmosphere and needed by plants to carry out biological synthesis. (之所以)不把二氧化碳列为污染物，是因为二氧化碳是大气的天然成分，植物进行生物合成需要二氧化碳。,成对的关系副词,前者可以去掉. (因为),所以,classify something as/under something : to decide what group something belongs to In law, beer is classified as a food product.,No one w

9、ould argue that carbon dioxide is a necessary component of the atmosphere any more than one would argue the fact that Vitamin D is necessary in the human diet. 正如人们普遍认为人的饮食不可缺少维生素D一样，也都认为二氧化碳是大气不可缺少的成分。 argue that: to state, giving clear reasons, that something is true, should be done etc,Argue with

10、 sb Doubt/deny that No morethan= not any more than和一样不 A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。,However, excess intake of Vitamin D can be extremely toxic. 但是摄入过多的维生素D会有很大的副作用/极为有害。,Living systems, be they an ecosystem or an or

11、ganism, require that a delicate balance be maintained between certain compounds in order for the system to function normally. 生命系统，不论是生态系统还是生物，都需要在某些化合物之间保持微妙的平衡，以确保系统功能正常。 be they an ecosystem or an organism= whether they are an ecosystem or an organism,When the excess presence of one substance thr

12、eatens the wellbeing of an ecosystem, it becomes toxic despite the fact that it is required in small quantities. 尽管少量的某种物质是必要的，但当该物质过量出现威胁生态系统的健康时，就具有了毒副作用。,Teaching Plan,Homework Review 汉译英（句子层次）：及物动词 汉译英：段落翻译 真题演练：Translation Exercise: GET(1999.06) 英译汉： Conversion Turning Words/ Phrases into Sente

13、nces 词语的选择 词类的转换 人名地名的翻译,Homework review,做自己的观音 Be your own Goddess of Mercy 观音：观世音 looking on or hearing the voices of the suffering,一名虔诚的佛教徒遇到了难事，便去寺庙里求拜观音。 A pious Buddhist met with troubles, so he went to a temple to ask the Goddess of Mercy for help. 遇到难事：encounter/experience/get into/come acro

14、ss 虔诚的: pious, devoted, devout: express degree of commitment (religious) Devotional picture 宗教绘画 (relating to or used in religious services),庙：temple Cloister:修道院; monastery: 僧侣居住的修道院或寺院；convent: 女隐修院 拜求 pray to Worship: show respect and love for a god Pray: to speak to God in order to ask for help

15、or give thanks 拜：Prostrate oneself before the image of Buddha,走进庙里，才发现观音的像前也有一个人在拜，那个人长的和观音一模一样，丝毫不差。 He noticed a person who looked exactly like the Goddess of Mercy was there too. 长的和观音一模一样:look exactly like “你是观音吗？”“是。”那人回答。 “Are you the Goddess of Mercy?” “Yes, I am, answered that person.,“那你为何拜

16、自己？”“因为我也遇到了难事。”观音笑道，“可我知道，求人不如求己。” Why are you worshipping yourself? “I have met with difficulties. The Goddess of Mercy responded with a smile. “As far as I know it is much better to turn to yourself for help than to others.” 笑道：笑着回答 respond/answered/replied with a smile; replied smilingly,求人不如求己：

17、Self-help is better than help from others; God helps those that help themselves God: the spirit or Being who Christians, Jews, Muslims etc pray to, and who they believe created the universe Believe in God The will of God Gift from God god: a male spirit or Being who is believed by some religions to

18、control the world or part of it, or who represents a particular quality goddness,这是一则有关佛的趣谈，让人深思，让人回味。 It is an interesting story about the Goddess of Mercy. It starts us thinking and is provoking. 趣谈：an interesting joke? 回味 aftertaste? Aftertaste: a taste that stays in your mouth after you have eat

19、en or drunk sth. The wine leaves a strong aftertaste. 让人深思，让人回味 It is thought-provoking,让人深思 It gives us much food for thought; It calls for deep thought 让人回味 ponder over,想来凡人之所以为凡人，可能就是因为遇事喜欢求人。 Ordinary people are known as ordinary because they like to ask others for help whenever they are in trou

20、ble. 凡人 ordinary people; mortal,而观音之所以是观音，大约就是因为遇事求已吧。 The Goddess of Mercy is called Goddess of Mercy because she asks herself for help when (she is) in trouble, which accounts for the difference.,如此再想，如果人人都有遇事求自己的那份坚强和自信，也许人人都会成为自己的观音吧。 Let us think this way, if we have the confidence in ourselves

21、 and rely on ourselves whenever we are in trouble, we are sure to become our own Goddess of Mercy.,在发生了一连串夺去国人性命的安全丑闻以及中国的出口产品在国际上的声誉受损之后，中国通过了一系列内容广泛、规定更严的食品安全法律。 After a series of safety scandals that killed Chinese citizens and degraded the international reputation of the countrys exports, Beijin

22、g has approved a broad series of tougher food-safety laws. Claim lives,使.名誉受损 Damage, destroy, ruin, tarnish ones reputation Acquire, build (up), earn, establish, gain, make 获得，树立，赢得，建立声誉 Live up to ones reputation 不负盛名,但鉴于在中国实施法律的困难性，新法能否提高中国的食品安全还不得而知。 But given the difficulty in implementing laws

23、 in China, its unclear whether the legislation will make Chinas food safer to eat.,解决这个食品安全问题的唯一有效办法就是广泛改革中国的农业部门，致力于强化产权，允许市场决定价格。 The only true solution to this element of the food-safety problem is a broader reform of Chinas agricultural sector geared toward strengthening property rights and allo

24、wing the market to set food prices.,汉译英：及物动词,1. 他负责把手稿录入电脑。 负责 be responsible for; in charge : in command 手稿 manuscript “电脑录入”换种说法其实就是“电脑打字”，“打字”type，“通过键盘输入” key，二者都是及物动词。,He is responsible for typing the manuscripts into the computer. “他负责”换种说法，表达为“他的工作是.” His job is to type the manuscripts into t

25、he computer. It is his job to key the manuscripts into the computer.,2. 她将孩子拥入怀中，亲吻他的额头。 “拥入”换种说法就是“拥抱”, embrace, hug, hold in ones arms. 额头forehead She held the child in her arms and kissed his forehead. 要想充分表现出“拥入怀中”的动作，可以用take sb into ones arms She took the child into her arms and kissed him on t

26、he forehead.,说明：当人的身体或衣服的某部分承受动作时，英语常把人作为动词的宾语。 抓住他的胳膊 catch him by the arm 抓住他的领子 seize him by the collar 打他一记耳光 slap him across the face 拍拍男孩的肩膀 pat the boy on the shoulder 紧紧握住她的双手 hold her firmly by both hands,治好他的牙疼 cure him of his toothache 这种结构也适用于某人的抽象事物。 剥夺了我的机会 deprive me of my chance 接触了她

27、的职务 relieve her of her post 打乱了他心灵的宁静 rob him of his peace of mind,3. 我建议你在会上不要引人注意。 我建议 I suggest “我建议”换种说法可表达为“在我看来” in my opinion “不要引人注意” 可理解为“不要引起别人对自己的注意”（ not draw attention to oneself） In my opinion, youd better not draw attention to yourself at the meeting.,整句话也可理解为“不使自己引人注目是明智的/可取的”（it wou

28、ld be advisable to make oneself inconspicuous） In my opinion, it would be advisable to make yourself inconspicuous at the meeting.,“不要做某事”又可说成“避免做某事”（avoid doing something） I would suggest that you avoid drawing attention to yourself at the meeting. “我建议不要做某事”又可表达为“我不认为该做某事”（I dont think it a good i

29、dea to do something）,I dont think it a good idea to draw attention to yourself at the meeting. 按照正反互换译法，“不引人注意”也可说成“保持低姿态”，译为 keep a low profile. In my opinion, youd better keep a low profile at the meeting.,4. 我丈夫并不在意我偶尔回家晚一些。 偶尔 occasionally 原句后半部分“我偶尔回家晚一些”可以处理为分词短语，作为及物动词“在意”（mind）的宾语。 My husban

30、d doesnt mind my coming home late occasionally. 也可以转化为if引导的副词从句，把mind用作不及物动词。 My husband wouldnt mind if I come home late occasionally.,5. 我们今天将把药品和食物空运给被洪水围困的市民。 空运 transport/deliver by air或airlift “被洪水围困的市民”，可以使用分词作为后置定语，也可以使用连字符作为前置定语。 The city residents surrounded by flood The flood-stranded cit

31、y residents Today we will airlift medicine and food to the city residents surrounded by flood.,Fly本身有使动用法，即“空运”之意。 We will fly medicine as well as food supplies to the flood-stranded city residents today. 说明:英语及物动词使动用法还有： 遛狗walk the dog 陪某人走回家 walk someone home 把鸡蛋竖立在桌面上 stand an egg on the table 把梯

32、子靠在墙上 lean the ladder against the wall,6. 在这个公司，办公室助理一周工作七十甚至八十小时不算新鲜。 办公室助理 office assistant “不算新鲜”其实就是“并不算不寻常” Work主要用作不及物动词 In this company, its not unusual for an office assistant to work for seventy or even eighty hours a week.,Work也可以用作及物动词。 Its not unusual for an office assistant of this comp

33、any to work a seventy or even an eighty hour week. 说明：类似的例子还有 上夜班work the night shift 产生奇效work wonders 不停地拼命工作work ones fingers to the bone 向上爬 work oneself up the career ladder,7. 他的出色发挥使我们赢得了比赛。 出色发挥 excellent/superb performance “使我们赢得”的结构译为make us win或enable us to win His excellent performance en

34、abled us to win the match. Win具有使动用法，意为“使赢得”，“使我们赢得某物”可以译为“win us something”,His superb performance won us the match/won the match for us. 调整结构，选择“我们”作为句子主语，而把“出色发挥”转化为原因状语。 We won the match thanks to his superb performance.,8. 他最近一次画展使他赢得国画大师的名声。 他最近一次画展 his latest exhibition 国画大师 a master of tradi

35、tional Chinese painting 赢得名声 Win sb the reputation as Gain sb the reputation as His latest exhibition has won/earned him the reputation as a a master of traditional Chinese painting,如果换用“他”作为句子主语，谓语动词除了win之外，还能用其同义词“建立”（establish），“获得”（acquire）等。 With his latest exhibition, he has established/acquir

36、ed a reputation as a master of traditional Chinese painting.,9. 外来干涉也许会使这个国家陷入全面内战。 外来干涉 outside/foreign interference 若按照原文结构，使用make someone do something的结构，把“使这个国家陷入”译为make this country fall into，虽然正确，但较为生硬。,采用“把原文换个说法”的技巧，把“这个国家陷入全面内战”简化为名词结构full-scale civil war in this country，相应地把“使”变为“造成”（resul

37、t in） Outside interference may result in full-scale civil war in this country.,把本句中“甲使乙发生” 的结构转换为“乙发生是因为甲”的结构。 This country may fall into full-scale civil war because of outside interference. 再调整结构，把“这个国家陷入全面内战”表达为“全面内战在这个国家爆发”。 Full-scale civil war may break out in this country because of outside i

38、nterference.,使用及物动词drive/plungeinto Foreign interference may plunge the country into all-out civil war.,10. 在那个酒吧里，你要想让旁边坐着的人听见你的话，就得大声喊叫。 “让某人听见你”可表达为make someone hear you 旁边坐着的人the person sitting beside/next to you In that bar, you have to shout aloud to make the person sitting next to you hear yo

39、u. 上句中“人”的定语较长，与make someone hear you用在一起显得有些累赘。如何简化,把“让别人听见你”换说成“使你自己被听见”（make yourself heard） In that bar, you have to yell to make yourself heard by the person sitting beside you. 说明：类似的例子还有： 使别人听懂你的话 make yourself understood 使别人认识你 make yourself known 使大家尊重你 make yourself widely respected,汉译英：段落

40、翻译,1. “园中之园”的圆明园，其建设与修复曾延续150年，经历清朝的五代皇帝。1860年，在第二次鸦片战争期间，曾被英法军队烧成平地；而到1900年，则更进一步为八国联军所毁。 “园中之园”The “Garden of Gardens” 建设与修复 construction and renovation 经历清朝的五代皇帝 under the reign of five emperors of the Qing Dynasty 第二次鸦片战争the second Opium War 八国联军 the allied army of eight powers（power指强国）,问题译文：Th

41、e “Garden of Gardens”, Yuan Ming Yuan, had its construction and renovation continue for 150 years under five emperors of the Qing Dynasty, before it was burned down by the British and French soldiers in 1860 during the second Opium War and was further destroyed by the allied army of eight countries

42、in 1900.,讨论： 1. 译文要能体现出汉语原文主要概念和次要概念的区别。在汉语原文中，圆明园遭受两次破坏才是主要概念，应体现在主句中；而建设与修复曾经延续150年只是次要概念，因此放在定语从句中。 2.”其建设与修复曾延续“原译文had its construction and renovation continue过于累赘，可以用undergo（经历变化的过程）简化。 3. British and French soldiers没有全面反映出“英法军队（包括士兵和军官）”的内容。,较好译文：The “Garden of Gardens”, Yuan Ming Yuan, which

43、underwent 150 years of construction and renovation under the reign of five emperors of the Qing Dynasty, was burned down by the British and French troops in 1860 during the second Opium War and then further destroyed by the allied army of eight powers in 1900.,2. 长江三角洲区域，占有全国人口的，提供全国国内生产总值的以上，所以这一区域

44、的发展，必然会对促进中国的经济建设起很大的作用。 长江三角洲区域 The Yangtze River Delta area 全国国内生产总值 the countrys total GDP 促进中国的经济建设 speed up Chinas economic construction contribute,问题译文：The Yangtze River Delta occupies 6% of Chinas total population and offers more than 1/5 of Chinas total GDP; so, the development of this area

45、will certainly play a great role in urging Chinas economic construction.,讨论： 1. 原文“所以”前后部分之间是一种表示因果关系的结构，其意义等于“由于（第一句）+所以，（第二句）”。英语最好是翻译成“As(第一句)，（第二句）”形式的主从句。 2. “占有全国人口的6%”中的“占有”，不要翻译成occupy，而要翻译成take up/make up. 3. “提供全国国内生产总值的以上” 中的“提供”，翻译成offer（有提供出来供人选择是否接受之意）不妥，应译为contribute（提供自己的一份）。,4. 1/5

46、of Chinas total GDP中的Chinas 和前面6% of Chinas total population 中的Chinas重复，可以改用the countrys. 5. the development of this area可以改用代词its development，避免重复。,较好译文：As the Yangtze River Delta area takes up 6% of Chinas total population and contributes more than 1/5 of the countrys total GDP, its development wi

47、ll certainly play a great role in speeding up Chinas economic construction.,3. 令人意想不到的是，硅谷既不是一个富有硅的地方，也不是一个山谷。它之所以得名，仅仅是因为它是一个新兴的、以硅为基础的电子工业的中心。 硅谷 Silicon Valley 新兴的 newly developed 电子工业 electronics industry,问题译文：It is out of expectation that Silicon Valley is neither a place having much silicon no

48、r a mountain valley. Why it got its name is just because it is a newly developed center of electronics industry that has silicon as its base.,讨论： 1. “令人意想不到的是”可以简化为一个词 unexpectedly. 2. a place having much silicon 应改为a place rich/abundant/abounding in silicon，介词短语作后置定语更为地道。 3. “它之所以得名”译为Why it got it

49、s name is just because 是按照汉语字面意思的呆板翻译，可换种说法，转换为“它得到这个名字的原因就是”It has gained/got its name simply because 4. electronics industry that has silicon as its base过于累赘，可改成 silicon-based electronics industry.,较好译文：Unexpectedly, Silicon Valley is neither a place abundant in silicon nor a mountain valley. It h

50、as gained its name simply because it is a newly developed center of silicon-based electronics industry.,4. 亚洲是最大的洲，在地理上变化最多，其地貌包括巨大的、由沙漠覆盖着的高原，也包括像喜马拉雅山这样的高山，而喜马拉雅山上的珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。 变化多diverse/diversified 地貌 landform 高原plateau 喜马拉雅山 the Himalayas 珠穆朗玛峰 Mt. Qomolangama,问题译文：Being the largest continen

51、t, Asia is the most diverse in geography. Its landforms include large plateaus covered by desert and also such high mountains as the Himalayas, on which is Mt. Qomolangma, the tallest peak in the world. 讨论：1. Being短语放在句首，往往有“原因”的意思，但原文没有这个意思。因此，不妨改为同位语结构，如Asia, the largest continent，。,2. 把“其地貌包括”翻译为

52、一个独立的句子，没有必要，因为它只是对前面的“在地理上变化最多”的进一步说明，不如安排为修饰成分，如翻译成独立分词短语，即：Its landforms including。,3. plateaus covered by desert可以简化为desert-covered plateaus，而and also里的also可以不要。 4. 定语从句on which is Mt. Qomolangma, the tallest peak in the world，结构比较别扭，可以改为whose Mt. Qomolangma is the tallest in the world，这样可以避免用介词

53、短语on which带出定语从句带来的累赘感，还省去了一个同位语结构和peak这个词peak这个词完全没有必要，因为前面已经有Mt.这个词表示出了比较对象是什么。,较好译文：Asia, the largest continent, is the most geographically diverse, its landforms including large desert-covered plateaus and such high mountains as the Himalayas, whose Mt. Qomolangma is the tallest in the world.,5.

54、 北京人大约生活在公元前460，000年到230，000年之间，能够用火，并能制造石头工具，是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例。 北京人 Peking Man 早期旧石器时期人类 early Old Stone Age men,问题译文：Peking Man lived about between 460,000 BC and 230,000 BC, could use fire and create tools from stone, and was a good example of early Old Stone Age men. 讨论： 1. 把原文中的三个概念处理为并列结构不妥，事实上

55、主句是“北京人是早期旧石器时期人类的一个好实例”，其余的概念都可以处理为修饰成分。一个办法是使用定语从句安排这些信息。,2. could use fire不妨改为was able to use fire，因为用于指过去，而且强调“有能力”时，was able to较为常用。 3. create指复杂性较高的“创造”，用在这里不符合句意，因此可改为make。 Make tools from stone不如说make stone tools。 4. was a good example of early Old Stone Age men应当改用现在时is，因为这件事在任何时候都是一个“好实例”。

56、,较好译文：Peking Man, who lived from about 460,000 BC to 230,000 BC and who was able to use fire and make stone tools, is a good example of early Old Stone Age men.,Section B: Chinese to English,(1)没有人愿意看到东南亚金融危机在中国重演， (2)因此，有效地预防和坚定调整在今天日益开放的经济环境中尤其重要。 (3)我们欣喜地看到，政府不仅早已意识到了金融危机的潜在危害，而且还及时果断地采取了一系列有力措施，

57、进行规范和引导。,参考答案及采分点,没有人愿意看到东南亚金融危机在中国重演 第句（3分）参考答案： Nobody is willing to see any financial crisis emerge in China like the one spread in the Southeast Asia. 解题策略：换种说法，将“东南亚金融危机在中国重演”换为“类似出现在东南亚的金融危机出现在中国”，,第句中的采分点 愿意（ 1 分）应译为“be willing to ” 东南亚金融危机（ 分）应译为“the financial crisis spread in the Southeast

58、Asia 。 在中国重演（ 1分）应译为“emerge in China”，注意此部分要采用“换种说法”的技巧。,因此，有效地预防和坚定调整在今天日益开放的经济环境中尤其重要。 第句（ 分）参考答案： therefore effective prevention and steadfast adjustment are strikingly important in todays opening-up economic environment.,第句中的采分点 有效地预防和坚定调整（ 1 分）应译为“effective prevention and steadfast adjustment”

59、， 今天日益开放的经济环境（1分）应译为 “todays opening-up economic environment”。 尤其重要（1分）应译为“are strikingly/particularly important ”,我们欣喜地看到，政府不仅早已意识到了金融危机的潜在危害，而且还及时果断地采取了一系列有力措施，进行规范和引导。 第3句（ 4分）参考答案： To our delight, the government has not only been aware of the potential harms of financial crises but also taken a series of timely and rigid measures for regulation and direction.,第3句中的采分点 意识到了金融危机的潜在危害（2 分）应译为“be aware of the potential harms of financial crises ” 及时果断地采取了一系列有力措施(1 分） take a series of timely and rigid measures ，注意