8BU4Grammar.ppt

1、八年级下册,英语教学课件系列,1. The bus driver always says to us, “Dont get off _ the bus stops.” A. when B. while C. until D. if 2. Mr Wang is strongly _ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom. A. upB. forC. against D. down,I. 单项选择。,II. 根据提示填空。 1. Why dont we put the bed

2、_ (紧靠) the wall? 2. If she _ (继续) drinking like that, Ill have to carry her home. 3. I dont eat meat and my husband doesnt _ (too). 4. She brought an _ (a large group) of supporters with her.,against,continues,either,army,1. 沙漠一直伸展到视线的尽头。 The desert continued _ the eye could see. 2. 我们到达时，会议已结束了。 _

3、we arrived, the meeting was over. 3. 要是你讲着话时我睡着了，可别以为是 不敬，我筋疲力尽了。 Dont take it as an insult (侮辱) if I _ _ during your speech; _.,go to sleep,III. 翻译句子。,as far as,By the time,Im tired out,Grammar,Unit 4 A good read,Grammar Focus,疑问词 + 动词不定式,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you

4、 this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.当今掌握

5、一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,作宾语,Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?,2. Betty是第

6、一个知道这真相的人,Betty was the first to know the truth,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. Whi

7、te to you.,适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, learn, remember，think, wonder, understand”等。 有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如： (1) I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.

8、,(2) Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如： Have you told him where to get the application form?,注意,A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listen to（二

9、听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe （观察，研究）（四看）.,I heard them sing a pop song . The teacher made me answer the question. We watched them play football .,注意,B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,注意,C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to

10、前加疑问词。,Mr. Lin will teach us how to use the computer.,Can you tell me where to get the book?,注意,D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车

11、，但我叫她别用。,A Using question words +to-infinitives,We can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a verb.,Millie has decided what to read. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. Simon forgot when to meet his friends. Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. Sandy is wondering where

12、 to ask for help. Amy does not know how to write the report.,Suzy will explain why to recommend this book. Suzy will explain why she recommends this book.,All question words can be used in this way, except why.,We can use a verb and an object before a question word with a to-infinitive.,advise ask d

13、ecide discuss forget know learn remember show teach think understand,Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after- school activities. The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work. Millie showed us what to do next. Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw. Dont forget to tell y

14、our mum where to meet you.,We can also use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word. Suzy was not sure who to ask for help. Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow?,They are discussing which colour to paint the walls. You can ask your parents how much money to take with you.,We

15、 can use a noun after what, which, whose, how many and how much.,ask for findhand in read travel write about,About Reading Week,Amy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week. Complete their conversation. Use the correct question words and to-infinitives.,how whatwhen where which who,Amy: Mr Wu

16、 has recommended so many interesting books. Have you decided _ first, Daniel?,which to read,Daniel: Yes. I want to read Black Beauty first. But I dont know (2)_the book. Amy: You can try our school library or Sunshine Library. Oh, did you know Peter is reading Around the World in Eighty Days? He wan

17、ts to find out _ around the world in such a short time. Daniel: Wow, thats amazing! By the way, can you tell me(4)_ our book report?,where to find,how to travel,when to hand in,Amy: Before next Friday. Im still not sure (5)_ in the report. Daniel: You can write anything about your book what the book

18、 is about, what you think of it and so on. You should read some reviews about the book before writing. Amy: Thank you. Anyway, I know (6)_ help with writing. Mr Wu is always there to help us,what to write about,who to ask for,Model verbs,must,have to,dont need to,dont have to,Must sb?,Do / Does sb.

19、have to ?,(必须),(不得不),表示义务、命令或必要，后面接不带to的动词不定式。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must keep our word. 2. must 用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止” He must not leave his room. You mustnt smoke in the office.,must的用法,3. must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt 或dont have to Must I hand it in before five? No, you _. Yes, you _.,yo

20、u neednt. / dont have to,you must,4. must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定” You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。 He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。,have to 的用法,have to 由have + to组成。因此具有have的各种时态。 He is an invalid(病人) and has to have a nurse. She knew what she had to do. I shall have

21、to reconsider（重新考虑） my position（位置）. He is always having to exercise judgment（判断力）.,must和have to的区别,含义不同： must 表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志 和主观的决心。 have to 侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件 作用的结果。 You must do it now. I have to go now.,3. 否定含义不同 在否定句中, have to表示不需要，must则 表 示不允许。 You dont have to go there. You mustnt go there.,2

22、. 适用时态不同 must 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在 间接引语中）have to 可用于更多的场合。 She said she must do well in her English.,B Using must and have to,We use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do something,Have to has different forms, has to had to will have to have/has got to,Tip1,must not = mustnt do not have to

23、 = dont have to,Tip2,We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. She has to take her daughter from school in the afternoon.,We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary. I must run away from them, Gulliver thought.

24、,We use must not to say that something is not allowed. You must not smoke in the library.,We use do not have to to say that it is not necessary to do something. We do not have to go to school at weekends.,You (1) _ keep quiet in the library. You (2)_ keep the books clean and tidy. You (3)_draw or wr

25、ite in the books. You (4) _ eat or drink in the librar,Library rules,Amy is telling her cousin Shirley some library rules. Complete what she says with must, must not, have to or do not have to.,must,must,mustnt,mustnt,You (5)_ return the books on time. If you want to keep them longer, you (6)_ renew

26、 them. You (7)_ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card.,must,have to,dont have to,1. Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _. (2007河南) A. what to do B. to do what C. where to go D. to go where 2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _

27、 buy a digital camera? (2007安徽) A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I,I. 单项选择。,3. This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? Sure. (2008陕西) A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it,4. We need a new leader for our

28、 Helping Hands Club, but I dont know _. Why not Mary? She is always willing to help others. (2011江苏南通) A. what to choose B. how to choose C. when to choose D. who to choose,5. The math problem is so hard. I really dont know _. (2012甘肃鸡西) A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 6. Excuse me. Co

29、uld you tell me _ get to the nearest post office? Sorry, I am new here. (2013山东威海) A. how can I B. how I could C. how to D. what I can,7. Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you. (2013山东青岛) A. how to stop B. where to park C. where to stop D. when to park

30、8. _ I swim here? Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here. (2012广东) A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can,9. Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green? Yes, Im afraid we _. Thats the traffic rule. (2013河南) A. can B. may C. have to D. need 10. Students in our school _ know shoutin

31、g is not allowed in the library. (2013山东莱芜) A. can B. may C. must D. need,When I go into the clothes shop, I always cant decide _ one to buy. 2. My grandfather doesnt know _ to use a computer. 3. - Will you please show me _ to drive a car? - Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _ to do first. 4. I will tell Lucy _ and _ to meet.,which