考研考博-英语-广东茂名健康职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东茂名健康职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Weneedonehundredmoresignaturesbeforewetakethe（

）tothegovernor.

问题1选项

A.panel

B.kernel

C.petition

D.paragraph

【答案】C

【解析】panel仪表板,陪审员；kernel核心,要点；petition请愿书,诉状。句意:在把请愿书递交给州长之前,我们还需要100多人的签名。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

NowtheythinkthattheirviewsaboutthepresidentandhispoliciesonIraq,globalwarmingorunilateralismhaveallbeen_______,sowhykeepranting?

问题1选项

A.treacherous

B.fraudulent

C.avenged

D.vindicated

【答案】D

【解析】treacherous背叛的，奸诈的；fraudulent欺骗性的；avenged报复，报仇；vindicate证明...正确，维护。句意：现在他们认为，他们对总统及其在伊拉克，全球变暖或单边主义政策的问题上的看法，都被证明是正确的，那他们为什么还这么义愤填膺呢？选项D符合句意。

3.翻译题

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.

（1）Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

（2）Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledperson,whohaddiedinanaccident.

（3）Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsarenormallywhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.（4）Dr.Geschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerenotcrossed.

（5）Otherresearchersdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain'selectricalactivityandmadeamapoftheelectricalsignals.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren'sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DrDuffyfoundlargedifferenceinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.Hesaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

【答案】（1）现在科学家们知道学习障碍有很多不同的种类，且还知道它们是由不同的事物引起的。

（2）你不能仅凭看一眼孩子就能判断他或她是否有学习障碍。这种机能失调没有外在的标志。因此，一些研究人员开始观察大脑本身来了解什么地方可能出了问题。

（3）他们发现了两种不同寻常的情况。一个与控制语言的大脑左半部的细胞有关。这些细胞在正常情况下是白色的。然而，有学习障碍的人这些细胞却是灰色的。

（4）Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由大脑左半部分出现的问题引起的。他认为大脑的这一部分未能正常地发育。

（5）其他研究人员没有检查脑组织。作为替代，他们测量了大脑的电活动，并就这些电信号绘制了一张图。

4.翻译题

也许因为战事中死人太多了，枉死者没消磨掉的生命力都进作春天的生意。那年春天，气候特别好。这春气鼓动得人心像婴孩出齿时的牙龈肉，受到一种生机透芽的痛痒。上海是个暴发都市，没有山水花柳作为春的安顿处。公园和住宅花园里的草木，好比动物园里铁笼子关住的野兽，拘束、孤独，不够春光尽情的发泄。春来了只有向人的身心里寄寓，添了疾病和传染，添了奸情和酗酒打架的案件，添了孕妇。最后一桩倒不失为好现象，战时人口正该补充。但据周太太说，本年生的孩于，大半是枉死鬼阳寿未尽，抢着投胎，找足前生年龄数目，只怕将来活不长。

【答案】【参考译文】PerhapsitwasbecausethereweresomanydeadinthewarthatresidualvitalityofthedeadtransformedintoSpring,whichwasexceptionallyfine.Stirredbytheinvigoratingspring,men,likeinfantscuttingtheirteeth,somehow,itchedpainfullyfromthebuddingofnewlife.Aboomtown,Shanghaihadnoscenicspotsinwhichspringmightrestitsfeet.Intheparksandlawnsthegrassandtreeswerelikethewildbeastsconfinedinironcagesatthezoo,restrictedandlonely;theresimplywasnoplaceforspringtoreleaseitsfullsplendor.Casesofdiseasesandinfections,adulteryandalcohol-relatedfightsandthepregnancieshaveincreasedinnumber,amongwhichthelastone,afterall,isalltothegood,becausethewartimepopulationneedsreplenishing.ButaccordingtoMrs.Zhou,mostofthechildrenbornthisyearareghostswhodidnotliveouttheirpredestinedlife-spanandrushedtobereborn,andthereisfearthattheycannotbeexceptionallylong-lived.

5.单选题

Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto（

）enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.

问题1选项

A.evacuate

B.withdraw

C.impart

D.elicit

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；B选项withdraw“撤退；收回；撤销；取钱”；C选项impart“给予；传授；告知”；D选项elicit“抽出；引起；诱出”。句意：通过耐心的询问，律师设法从证人那里……足够的信息。“信息”是证人给出的，律师只有努力去“获取”，综合选项可知D选项正确。

6.单选题

Intryingtosolvetheproblemweseemtohaveexhaustedallthe（）thatthebrainofmancouldsuggest.

问题1选项

A.ingenuity

B.nuances

C.ingenuousness

D.nourishments

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。ingenuity精巧、独创性；nuances细微差别；ingenuousness正直、老实；nourishments

食物、营养品。句意：在试图解决这个问题的过程中，我们似乎耗尽了人类大脑所能提供的所有营养。这里引申为“绞尽脑汁”。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Tobefrank,I’dsooneryou（）agoodreviewyesterdayforthecomingtest.

问题1选项

A.hadn'tdone

B.didn'tdo

C.couldn'thavedone

D.wouldn'tdo

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wouldsooner表示宁愿，句子应用虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，所以应该用过去完成时。选项A正确。

8.单选题

Theyartificially（）thevalueofthehousesotheycould“reduce”itandmakepeoplethinkitwasabargain.

问题1选项

A.enlarged

B.underestimated

C.raised

D.inflated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。enlarge“扩大，增大”；underestimate“低估，看清”；raise“举起，提高”；inflate“膨胀，充气”。句意：他们人为地抬高房子的价格，再“低价”出售，让人们以为这是大减价。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Winstonbecamequiteavariciousinhislatelife.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.greedy

C.blatant

D.forgetful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。

句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。

10.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。

句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。

11.单选题

Theirworkwill________,buttheyoughttotrytoimproveit.

问题1选项

A.getaway

B.getaround

C.getby

D.geton

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.getaway离开，逃跑B.getaround避开，说服

C.getby过得去，勉强过活D.geton进展，做得好

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】空格处和上文的“Theirwork（他们的工作）”构成主谓逻辑，表示他们的工作如何。由but可知前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系，由后半句句意“但他们应该努力加以改进（improveit）”可知，他们的工作情况不算糟糕，但是还有需要改进的地方。getby指勉强过得去，因此C选项“过得去，勉强过活”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项getaway“离开，逃跑”指离开一个地方或为了避免被抓而逃跑，不能和“work（工作）”进行搭配；

B选项getaround“避开，说服”指避开规章法律或通过取悦谄媚来说服，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

D选项geton“进展，做得好”指在特定情况下取得成功，与题干的语义相矛盾，应该是“工作勉强过得去”而不是“工作做得好”。

【句意】虽然他们的工作还过得去，但他们应该努力加以改进。

12.单选题

Iamnotcertain（）totake.

问题1选项

A.inrespecttowhichcourses

B.aboutwhichcourses

C.astothechoiceofwhichcourses

D.forwhichcoursesIam

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becertainabout“对……有把握；确信”。句意：我不确定该选哪些课程。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

ThemostimportantdivideinAmericatodayisclass,notrace,andtheplacewhereitmattersmostisinthehome.Conservativeshavebeenbangingonaboutfamilybreakdownfordecades.Nowoneofthenation’smostprominentliberalscholarshasjoinedthechorus.

RobertPutnamisaformerdeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernmentandtheauthorofBowlingAlone(2000),aninfluentialworkthatlamentedthedeclineofsocialcapitalinAmerica.Inhisnewbook,OurKids,hedescribesthegrowinggulfbetweenhowtherichandthepoorraisetheirchildren.

Amongtheeducatedelitethetraditionalfamilyisthriving:fewerthan10%ofbirthstofemalecollegegraduatesareoutsidemarriage—afigurethatisbarelyhigherthanitwasin1970.In2007amongwomenwithjustahigh-schooleducation,bycontrast,65%ofbirthswerenon-marital.Racemakesadifference:only2%ofbirthstowhitecollegegraduatesareout-of-wedlock,comparedwith80%amongAfrican-Americanswithnomorethanahigh-schooleducation,butneitherofthesefigureshaschangedmuchsincethe1970s.Howeverthenon-maritalbirthproportionamongthehigh-school-educatedwhiteshasquadrupled,to50%,andthesamefigureforcollege-educatedblackshasfallenbyathird,to25%.Thustheclassdivideisgrowingevenastheracialgapisshrinking.

Upbringingaffectsopportunity.Upper-middle-classhomesarenotonlyricher(withtwoprofessionalincomes)andmorestable:theyarealsomorenurturing.Inthe1970s,therewerepracticallynoclassdifferencesintheamountoftimethatparentsspenttalking,readingandplayingwithtoddlers.Nowthechildrenofcollege-educatedparentsreceive50%moreofwhatMr.Putnamcalls“GoodnightMoon”time(afterapopularbookforinfants).

Working-classparents,whohavelesssparecapacity,aremorelikelytodemandthattheirkidssimplyobeythem.Intheshortrunthissavestime,inthelongrunitpreventsthekidsfromlearningtoorganizetheirownlivesorthinkforthemselves.Poorparentingisthusabarriertosocialmobility,andisbecomingmoresoastheworldgrowsmorecomplexandtherewardsforsuperiorcognitiveskillsincrease.

Stunningly,Mr.Putnamfindsthatfamilybackgroundisabetterpredictorofwhetherornotachildwillgraduatefromuniversitythan8thgradetestscores.Kidsintherichestquarterwithlowtestscoresareasliketomakeitthroughcollegeaskidsinthepoorestquarterwithhighscores.

Mr.Putnamsuggestsagrab-bagofpoliciestohelppoorkidsreachtheirpotentialsuchasraisingsubsidiesforpoorfamilies,teachingthembetterparentingskills,improvingnurserycareandmakingafter-schoolbaseballclubsfree.Heurgesall50statestoexperimenttofindoutwhatworks.Aproblemthiscomplexhasnosimplesolution.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoMr.Putnam’snewbook?

2.“GoodnightMoon”time(Line5,Para.4)referstothetimeof（

）.

3.Wecaninferthatworking-classparents（

）.

4.WhatdoesMr.Putnam’sfindingabouttestscoressuggest?

5.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses（

）.

问题1选项

A.Maritalbirthratealmostkeepsunchangedamongcollegegraduates.

B.Non-maritalbirthshavebeendecreasingamonghigh-schoolgraduates.

C.African-Americanshavegivenbirthtomorenon-maritalchildren.

D.Morehigh-school-educatedwhiteshavechildrenbeforemarriage.

问题2选项

A.providingopportunityforkids

B.givingmorenourishmenttokids

C.beinginvolvedintheeducationofkids

D.readingpopularbookstoinfants

问题3选项

A.tendtobemorestrictwithchild

B.forbidkidstothinkindependently

C.overlookchangesofthesociety

D.needtrainingforeducation

问题4选项

A.Studentsfromrichfamiliesdon’tneedtostudyhard.

B.Parentaleducationaffectskids’academicresultsgreatly.

C.Kidsinpoorfamiliescanhardlygraduatefromcolleges.

D.Familybackgroundcanmakeupforacademicflaws.

问题5选项

A.howparentsshouldbringuptheirchildren

B.howfamilybackgroundinfluencesschooling

C.whatthegreatestbarriertosocialmobilityis

D.variousclasseseducatekidsdifferently

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第三段“Amongtheeducatedelitethetraditionalfamilyisthriving:fewerthan10%ofbirthstofemalecollegegraduatesareoutsidemarriage—afigurethatisbarelyhigherthanitwasin1970.在受过良好教育的精英阶层中，传统家庭正在蓬勃发展:女性大学毕业生的非婚生育比例不到10%——这一数字仅比1970年高了一点点。”可推知大学毕业生结婚后生育率几乎没有太大变化。故A项正确。B项“在高中毕业群体中，非婚生子女一直在减少”，文章只是在第三段第四句中提到高中教育程度的白人生育非婚生子女的情况增加了，故排除；C项“非裔美国人非婚生子女更多”，作者主要从不同教育阶层比较非婚生子女的比例，并没有整体比较白人和非裔美国人的非婚生子女情况，故排除；D项“更多高中教育程度的白人在婚前生子”，作者在本段第四句提到高中教育程度的白人非婚生子女率有所提高，这与婚前生子概念不同，因此D项与原文意思不符，故排除。

2.词义题。由第四段“Inthe1970s,therewerepracticallynoclassdifferencesintheamountoftimethatparentsspenttalking,readingandplayingwithtoddlers.Nowthechildrenofcollege-educatedparentsreceive50%moreofwhatMr.Putnamcalls‘GoodnightMoon’time(afterapopularbookforinfants).在20世纪70年代，父母花在与幼儿交谈、阅读和玩耍上的时间几乎没有阶级差异。现在，受过大学教育的父母的孩子得到的时间比帕特南所说的《晚安，月亮》多了50%。”可推断出GoodnightMoontime是指父母参与孩子教育的时间，故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第五段“Working-classparents,whohavelesssparecapacity,aremorelikelytodemandthattheirkidssimplyobeythem.Intheshortrunthissavestime,inthelongrunitpreventsthekidsfromlearningtoorganizetheirownlivesorthinkforthemselves.工薪阶层的父母，他们的空闲时间更少，更有可能要求他们的孩子简单地服从他们。从短期来看，这样做节省了时间，但从长远来看，这样做会阻碍孩子们学会安排自己的生活或独立思考。”可知工薪阶层父母对孩子的养育方式不正确，他们应该接受教育培训。故D项正确。

4.由倒数第二段“Stunningly,Mr.Putnamfindsthatfamilybackgroundisabetterpredictorofwhetherornotachildwillgraduatefromuniversitythan8thgradetestscores.Kidsintherichestquarterwithlowtestscoresareasliketomakeitthroughcollegeaskidsinthepoorestquarterwithhighscores.令人惊讶的是，帕特南发现，家庭背景比八年级考试成绩更能预示一个孩子能否从大学毕业。在最富裕的地区考试分数低的孩子和在最贫穷的地区考试分数高的孩子一样有可能读完大学。”可知结合上面两段对不同阶层参与教育和教育方式的差别可知，这能够反映出父母的家庭教育对孩子学业成绩的影响，故答案为B。A项“来自富裕家庭的孩子不必努力学习”，第六段第二句虽然提到考试成绩不及贫困家庭孩子的富裕家庭的学生也有机会从大学毕业，但这主要是说明家庭教育的影响，而不是说他们可以不努力读书，故排除；C项“贫困家庭的孩子几乎很难从大学毕业”，文章并没有比较两种家庭孩子大学毕业的整体情况，更没有说贫困家庭的孩子难以大学毕业，故排除；D项“家庭背景可以弥补学业上的不足”，该句似是而非，原文实际上是说家庭教育可以帮助学生提高学业水平，而不是直接弥补学业上的不足，故排除。

5.主旨大意题。本文第一段指出当今美国最重要的分裂是阶层分裂而不是种族分裂。第四段比较了不同阶层的父母在教育方式及教育参与程度的差异，反映了家庭背景对孩子学业成绩的影响。故B项“家庭背景影响孩子的学业”正确。

14.单选题

SomehistoriansareconvincedthatRomewasacorruptkingdomthatdeservedto（）.

问题1选项

A.die

B.expire

C.perish

D.cease

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项die“死亡；消失”，多用于指“有生命的人或物消亡”；B选项expire“（因到期而）失效；届满；去世”，表示“死亡”时，更强调这个动作，理解为“断气”；C选项perish“死亡；毁灭”，多用于文学用语，强调事物消失；D选项cease“（使）停止，终止，结束”。句意：一些历史学家认为罗马是一个腐败的王国，理应消亡。根据词语的偏向性及语境，此处应指“罗马王国的消失”，C选项正确。

15.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglishWriteyourEnglishversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

关于知识分子的定义，国外的主流看法是，知识分子是受过专门训练，掌握专门知识，以知识为谋生手段，以脑力劳动为职业，具有强烈的社会责任感的群体。知识分子的功能虽然在解释外在世界，但是总是倾向怀疑与批判，他的想法和看法与社会现状总有距离。知识分子总是对社会现状不满足，总是批判他身处其中的社会，总是企图按照理性和自己的理想改造或改良社会。因此，他们被浪漫地认同为社会的良心。根据知识分子的基本特征，经典的知识分子可包含哲学家、科学家、作家、艺术家、音乐家等等。在这里，知识分子是指脑力劳动者中关心人类文化价值、具有社会责任意识的那部分人，大体上相当于“思想家”。

【答案】Withregardtothedefinitionofintellectuals,themainstreamviewabroadisthatintellectualsaregroupswithastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilitywhoreceivespecialtraining,masterexpertknowledge,earnalivingbyknowledgeandchoosementalwork.Althoughthefunctionoftheintellectualistoexplaintheexternalworld,heisalwaysinclinedtodoubtandcriticize,whoseideasandopinionsarealwaysdifferentfromthepresentsocialsituation.Theintellectualisalwaysdissatisfiedwiththepresentsocialsituation,alwayscriticizessocietyinwhichhelives,andalwaysattemptstotransformorimprovesocietyaccordingtohisreasonandhisownideal.Therefore,theyareromanticallyrecognizedasaconscienceofsociety.Accordingtothebasiccharacteristicsofintellectuals,classicalintellectualscanincludephilosophers,scientists,writers,artists,musiciansandsoon.Here,theintellectualreferstothementallabors,roughlyequivalentto"thinker",whocareabouttheculturalvalueofhumanbeingsandhaveasenseofsocialresponsibility.

16.单选题

InAfricaHIVandAIDScontinueto（）thepopulation;nearly60percentofthoseinfectedarewomen.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.boost

C.capture

D.ravage

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项boost“促进，增加”；C选项capture“捕获”；D选项ravage“毁坏，破坏，蹂躏”。句意：在非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病继续_____人们；将近60%的感染者是女性。这里表达的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐，“蹂躏着那里的人们”，因此D选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（闪电）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（树液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

问题1选项

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

问题2选项

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

问题3选项

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

问题4选项

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

问题5选项

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段首句提及“还有什么比夏天下午的闪电更可怕的呢?”接着后面主要描述闪电是如何让人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句说到“难怪古人认为闪电是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人们认为闪电来自于神是由于它让人感到害怕，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.这是如此之快，以至于我们无法看到闪电实际上是从地面飞到云层上的。”由此可知，选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容“闪电有很多缺点。它每年引发数百万起森林火灾，毁坏价值数百万美元的财产。它还是电力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威胁是人类的生命。闪电通过电锤使人的心脏停止跳动或呼吸停止，许多人因此丧命。”由此可知，选项A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有选项D不是文章中的观点，所以本题选D。

4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容“尽管每秒钟有一百个闪电震动地球，也就是一天八百万次，但是没有人找到使用所有这些电能的方法。”也就是没有有效的办法收集电能，所以选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬间，电流将周围的空气加热到太阳表面温度的五倍。”也就是比太阳表面的温度还要高，所以选项B正确。

18.单选题

Readersarerequiredtocomplywiththerulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.

问题1选项

A.observet

B.memorizet

C.commentt

D.request

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。complywith表示“照做，遵守”；A项observe“观察，遵守”，B项memorize“记住，背熟”，C项comment“发表评论，发表意见”，D项request“要求，请求”。句意：读者应遵守图书馆的各项规定，注意自己的行为举止。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

19.翻译题

随着经济的发展和物质生活的丰富,广告在日常生活中变得越来越重要了。广告提供产品的最新信息。没有广告,消费者就不能尽快地了解附近的商店里都有什么新商品。广告有助于市场的发展,因为货卖得越多,价格就越便宜。广告还为报纸、杂志、广播电台和电视台等单位带来经济效益。

【答案】Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheenrichmentofmateriallife,advertisementsaregettingmoreandmoreimportantinourdailylife.Advertisementsofferthelatestinformationconcerningnewproducts.Withoutthem,consumerswouldbeunabletoknowassoonaspossiblewhatnewcommoditiesareavailableinthestoresnearby.Advertisementsareconducivetothedevelopmentofmarketsbecausethemoregoodsaresold,thecheapertheywillbe.Advertisementscanalsobringabouteconomicbenefitsforsuchunitsasnewspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionstations.

20.单选题

ThegeologyoftheEarth'ssurfaceisdominatedbytheparticularpropertiesofwater.PresentonEarthinsolid,liquid,andgaseousstates,waterisexceptionallyreactive.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.

Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Condensationfromthecloudsprovidestheessentialagentofcontinentalerosion:rain.Precipitatedontotheground,thewatertricklesdowntoformbrooks,streams,andrivers,constitutingwhatiscalledthehydrographicnetwork.Thisimmensepolarizednetworkchannelsthewatertowardasinglereceptacle:anocean.Gravitydominatesthisentirestepinthecyclebecausewatertendstominimizeitspotentialenergybyrunningfromhighaltitudestowardthereferencepointthatissealevel.

Therateatwhichamoleculeofwaterpassesthroughthecycleisnotrandombutisameasureoftherelativesizeofthevariousreservoirs.Ifwedefineresidencetimeastheaveragetimeforawatermoleculetopassthroughoneofthethreereservoirs—atmosphere,continent,andocean—weseethatthetimesareverydifferent.Awatermoleculestays,onanaverage,elevendaysintheatmosphere,onehundredyearsonacontinentandfortythousandyearsintheocean.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.

Avastchemicalseparationprocesstakesplaceduringtheflowofwateroverthecontinents.Solubleionssuchascalcium,sodium,potassium,andsomemagnesiumaredissolvedandtransported.Insolubleionssuchasaluminum,iron,andsiliconstaywheretheyareandformthethin,fertileskinofsoilonwhichvegetationcangrow.Sometimessoilsaredestroyedandtransportedmechanicallyduringflooding.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.

1.Accordingtothepassage,cloudsareprimarilyformedbywater（）?

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatthepurposeofthe"hydrographicnetwork"isto（）.

3.Whatdeterminestherateatwhichamoleculeofwatermovesthroughthecycle,asdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

4.AllofthefollowingareexamplesofsolubleionsEXCEPT（）.

5.Theword"efficiency"inlastsentencesisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.precipitatingontotheground

B.changingfromasolidtoaliquidstate

C.evaporatingfromtheoceans

D.beingcarriedbywind

问题2选项

A.determinethesizeofmoleculesofwater

B.preventsoilerosioncausedbyflooding

C.movewaterfromtheEarth'ssurfacetotheoceans

D.regulatetherateofwaterflowfromstreamsandrivers

问题3选项

A.Thepotentialenergycontainedinwater.

B.Theeffectsofatmosphericpressureonchemicalcompounds.

C.Theamountsofrainfallthatfallonthecontinents.

D.Therelativesizeofthewaterstorageareas.

问题4选项

A.magnesium

B.iron

C.potassium

D.calcium

问题5选项

A.relationship

B.growth

C.influence

D.effectiveness

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句"Evaporatedfromtheoceans,