复旦大学21世纪大学实用英语全套课件

(1) List_preview . Objectives . Suggested Teaching Plan . Background Information . Class Presentation Preview (1) preview Preview In this unit, you are going to learn about running and walking and what benefits you can get from each exercise. In the Listening and Speaking section, you will learn how to express personal interests and state likes and dislikes. In the Reading and Writing section, two basic skills needed for running are discussed in Text A; Text B describes what exercise can do for us; and, while most people believe that running is a better exercise than walking, Text C offers a quite different view. (1) objective . Objectives After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to 1. master the basic language and skills to express personal interests and state likes and dislikes; 2. understand the main idea of Texts A, B and C, and master the useful sentence structures, words and expressions found in the relevant exercises of the first two texts; 3. know how to use the present perfect and the past perfect; 4. know how to write a business card in English; 5. understand the signal words in an English passage (2). (1) ST1 . Suggested Teaching Plan Suggested Time and Teaching Plan for Unit 4 Time Contents Plan 2 periods Preview The teacher explains the Preview to make sure that the students have some idea of what the present unit is about. After that, the teacher activates the Listening and Speaking exercises as follows: (1) ST2 1) Expressing Personal Interests A. Do a warm-up activity by asking students to express their personal interests; B. Solicit the language for personal interests and present it on the chalkboard during the class interaction before listening; C. Listen to Exercise 1(1-3 times) and fill in the blanks with the missing words; Time Contents Plan Listening and Speaking (1) ST3 Time Contents Plan D. Ask two students to read aloud the short talks to check their written responses; E. Ask other students to express their personal interests using the structures given in Exercise 2. 2) Stating Likes and Dislikes A. Go through the new words in the 1st dialogue in Exercise 3; (1) ST4 B. Listen to the dialogue twice and fill in the blanks with the missing words; C. Work with the question and answer exercises creatively; D. Look for the language used to state likes and dislikes; E. Act out the dialogue; F. Either do the same with the 2nd dialogue or be flexible with it; G. Study the structures presented in Exercise 4, and create situations for the dialogues in which students can state likes and dislikes. Time Contents Plan (1) ST5 Before ending class, the teacher tells the students how to do Exercises 5-10 as their assignment. The teacher also tells the students that they should be prepared to answer the questions in Exercise 9 and give an oral presentation when they next come to class. Time Contents Plan 3) Listening Practice (1) ST6 The teacher begins with the assignment mainly to review the functional and notional language the students acquired in the previous unit. The teacher asks some students to answer the questions in Exercise 9 of the Listening and Speaking section and invites a few to give an oral class presentation, telling their classmates of their likes and dislikes. Then, the teacher turns to the Reading and Writing section. (These activities should be completed within 20 minutes.) Time Contents Plan 3 periods Review of the listening and speaking skills the students have learned (1) ST7 After a brief explanation of the instructions, the teacher A. organizes group discussion among the students to list the benefits of running and other physical exercise; (10 minutes) B. asks the students a) to report their discussion. If the students have difficulty doing this, the teacher should give them the information about the benefits of Time Contents Plan Text A b) to complete Exercise 1 in Starter. (15 minutes) Time Contents Plan 2) Text A The teacher A. lets the students answer the text- related questions, helps them identify the main idea of each paragraph and analyzes some difficult sentences and language (1) ST9 points while discussing the whole text with them. (one and a half periods) B. guides the students through the exercises, focusing on certain items or leaving some exercises as the students homework, according to the students different levels of English. (one period) Time Contents Plan (1) ST10 Time Contents Plan 1 period Grammar Review 1) Grammar Review The teacher talks about the Present Perfect and the Past Perfect, and especially emphasizes the difference between the Past Tense and the Present Perfect Tense; then he/she asks the students to do the grammar exercises in class. (1) ST11 Time Contents Plan 2) Practical Writing The teacher tells as well as shows the students how to write a business card in English by doing Exercise 11, and then requires the students to complete the form in Exercise 12 in class with his/her help. Practical Writing (1) ST12 Time Contents Plan Text B, Text C it is practiced by millions of people to get in shape, stay fit, and have fun. There are many different kinds of runners, from casual joggers to regular race runners to ultra marathoners who run 100 miles at a time. Each runner should have a specific training regimen tailored to the individuals goals and abilities. Running (1) BI_running2 A good schedule for a beginner is to run 20 minutes at a time, every other day. Occasionally, additional time off is needed because of illness or injury. Depending on the length of the break, it is often advisable to work back into a regular workout gradually, rather than jumping back into the normal routine immediately. In the short term, there are techniques that can help a runner perform better. Mixing in higher speed workouts is one strategy, but this can lead to injury unless the individual builds up to them gradually. Hill and trail running builds strength, and weightlifting can also help. Massage and whirlpools can help muscles recover faster between workouts. A healthy diet is also beneficial. Some distance runners find that eating foods high in carbohydrates (such as pasta) in the days before a big race provides their bodies with more fuel. Running (1) BI_running3 Many runners will at some point want to enter a race, to push themselves and to perhaps see how they compare with other runners at their age and experience level. Many areas have a variety of local 5-or 10-km (3.1mi or 6.2mi) road runs. To finish a 5-kilometer (or 5K) race, the runner should be able to run up to 30 minutes at a time in training. Running (1) BI_Physcial fitness Physical fitness is the ability of the human body to function with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to engage in leisure activities, and to meet physical stresses. The level of physical fitness can be influenced by regular, systematic exercise. Exercises that demand total body involvement improve and maintain fitness most effectively-for example, jogging, running, swimming, vigorous dancing, cycling, and brisk walking. Normal, healthy individuals may plan their own exercise programs. The general rule is to exercise only until discomfort is experienced-that is, until breathing becomes labored, circulation seems inadequate, or fatigue influences performance. People with health problems caused by heart attacks, strokes, and illness should see a physician before devising an exercise program. Proper nutrition is also important to physical fitness, because energy expenditure depends on nutrition. If diet is inadequate, the fitness level will drop. Physical Fitness (1) BI_Benefits of Exercise1 The benefits of exercise are far reaching. Studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise reduces the risk of death due to heart disease and stroke, aids in reducing weight, helps prevent diabetes mellitus, strengthens bones, and enhances immune function. The psychological benefits are also broad, and most studies suggest a positive relationship between physical fitness and mental achievement. The relationship between regular aerobic exercise and cardiovascular health and longevity is well established. Regular exercise leads to a reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease, in which fatty deposits (plaque) form in blood vessels supplying the muscular wall of the heart, compromising oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. In addition, with regular exercise the efficiency of the heart during exercise is increased. Many people exercise to lose weight. A calorie is a unit that measures the energy content of foods and the energy expenditure by the body. When the Benefits of Exercise (1) BI_Benefits of Exercise2 daily calorie intake from food is the same as calories expended from exercise, weight remains the same. The number of calories burned during exercise varies greatly with the type of physical activity, but the key to successful weight reduction is to exercise regularly, without increasing food intake proportionally. One area of controversy has been how much exercise is enough to improve general health, reduce the risk of heart disease, and increase longevity. Meaningful studies on this topic are very difficult to perform because they require large populations of subjects and many years of data collection, and because poor health sometimes results in limitations to physical activity. Despite these difficulties, it is clear that regular exercise, along with a generally healthy lifestyle, is beneficial. People who have sedentary lifestyles make up half the population of industrialized societies, and this group has the most to gain by exercising. (1) BI_Calories Burned During Exercise1 The table below shows calories burned per hour for different activities. The amount of calories used during physical activity depends on a persons body mass and the intensity of the activity. Calories Burned During Exercise (1) BI_Calories Burned During Exercise2 Calories Burned During Exercise (1) Class Presentation . Class Presentation Listening in fact 实际上 e.g. I didnt actually see her I just heard her voice. 我实际上并没有看见她，我只是听见她的声音。 Actually, Im busy at the moment can I phone you back? 说实在的，我现在正忙着 我给你回电话行吗？ (1) Articler1_popwin_S_Even the Language Points Even the slowest person on the playground can become a fast runner by learning and practicing running techniques. 即使运动场上跑得最慢的人也可以通过学习和练习跑的技术成为一个跑得快的人。 句中的介词 by + 动名词短语 (learning and practicing running techniques)作状语， 表示方式。 课文中多处使用这种结构。如第八段中： By using only the two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased. 第十段中： A young athlete can increase his speed by practicing the sprinting technique in his backyard or playground. 以及最后一段中： The nice thing is that anybody can become a better athlete by studying and practicing these running techniques. (1) Articler1_popwin_playground Language Points playground / /: n. area of land where children play, e.g. as part of a school (学校的 )操场，运动场 (1) Articler1_popwin_runner Language Points runner / /: n. person or animal that runs; one taking part in a race 奔跑的人（或动物）；赛跑的人（或动物） (1) Articler1_popwin_technique Language Points technique /: n. method of doing or performing sth. 技术；方法；手段 farming techniques 农业技术 She is working with her piano teacher to improve her technique. 她正在钢琴老师的帮助下提高自己的演奏技巧。 e.g. (1) Articler2-5_popwin_Q 1) What are the two basic skills needed for running? 2) What is speed? And what is endurance? Speed and endurance. Speed is the measure of how fast a person can run. Endurance is the measure of how far a person can run. 3) How do athletes, football players, for example, use speed and endurance in sports? Athletes, football players, for example, use speed when making a play and endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game. (1) Articler2-5_popwin_T 基本技术 跑需要的基本技能有两种：速度和耐力。 速度测量的是一个人能够跑多快。 耐力测量的是一个人能够跑多远。 大多数体育项目都要求运动员在速度和耐力两方面均技术娴熟。例如，足 球运动员在做动作时要用速度，而要在整场比赛中能在球场上来回奔跑则需要 耐力。速度和耐力都可以学会。 Chinese Version (1) Articler2-5_popwin_S_There are Language Points There are two basic skills needed for running: speed and endurance. = There are two basic skills that / which are needed for running: speed and endurance. (1) Articler2-5_popwin_basic Language Points basic /: a. simplest or lowest in level 基 本的 e.g. basic requirements 基本要求 the basic vocabulary of English 英语基础词汇 My knowledge of physics is pretty basic. 我的物理知识相当肤浅。 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_speed Language Points speed /: n. rate at which sb./sth. moves 速度；速率 e.g. the speed of light 光速 drive at a speed of 60 miles an hour 以每小时 60英里的速度行驶 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_require Language Points require /wa/: vt. depend on (sb./sth.) for success, fulfillment, etc.; need 有赖于；需要 e.g. We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助。 This radio requires two batteries. 这台收音机需要两节电池。 (1) Articler2- 5_popwin_S_Football players Language Points Football players, for example, use speed when making a play and endurance to be able to run up and down the field for an entire game. 句中 when making a play实际上是一个省略了主语和助动词 be的状语从句，即应为 when they are making a play， 表示时间。使用此结构，从句中被省略的主语就 是主句的主语。课文中相似的例子还有第八段： When sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the toes. 例如，足球运动员在做动作时要用速度，而要在整场比赛中能在球场上来回奔跑则 需要耐力。 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_athlete Language Points athlete /: n. person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports 运动员 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_skilled Language Points skilled / /: a. having skill; skilful 有技能的；熟练的 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_up and down Language Points up and down: backwards and forwards along (sth.) 来来回回；往返地 e.g. running up and down the road 沿着马路来回跑 Hes walking up and down outside our house. 他在我们的屋子外面走来走去。 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_entire Language Points entire /: a. with no part left out; whole; complete 全部的；整个的 e.g. She spent the entire day in bed. 她整天都躺在床上。 The entire family was looking at him. 一家子人都看着他。 (1) Articler2-5_popwin_for example Language Points for example: as an example 例如 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_Q 4) Which parts of the foot do runners use when employing the sprinting technique? What is the effect（效果，作用） of this? 5) Does the sprinting technique only involve（包含） the right use of ones foot? They use only two parts of the foot the pad and the toes. By using these two parts, the steps are quicker, and the speed is increased. No, it doesnt. It also involves the use of arms. 6) How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill? Athletes can perfect their sprinting skill by practice. The more often they practice, the better they become. (1) Articler6-10_popwin_T 速度的秘密 一个运动员要跑得快就必须运用一种特殊的奔跑技术，这种技术通常被称作冲刺 。冲刺的技术要领如下： 首先，把脚看作四个不同的部分： 1. 脚跟； 2. 足弓； 3. 足垫； 4. 脚趾。 在冲刺时，运动员只用脚的两部分，即足垫和脚趾。运动员用足垫撞击地面，然 后用脚趾推动向前。（脚跟从不接触地面！）这样只用两部分，脚步就会加快，速度 就会提高。 冲刺技术的另外一个部分是双臂的运用。这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的 确能帮助我们跑得更快。 年轻的运动员可以在自家的后院或运动场上练习冲刺技术以提高自己的速度。要 达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常， 技术越熟练！ Chinese Version (1) Articler6-10_popwin_special special /: a. not common, usual, or general 特殊的；特别的 What are your special interests? 你有什么特别爱好？ Shes a very special friend of mine. 她是我的一个非常特殊的朋友。 e.g. Language Points (1) Articler6-10_popwin_S_To run fast Language Points To run fast, an athlete must use a special running technique known as sprinting. 句中 known as sprinting为过去分词短语作定语 , 修饰 technique。 (1) Article6-10_popwin_sprint Language Points sprint /: v. existing apart 单独存在的；分开的 e.g. The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子都睡在各自的床上。 The flat consists of four separate rooms. 那套公寓有四个单间。 2. / / v. divide; (cause to) come apart（使）分开；（使 ）分隔 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ heel Language Points heel /: n. back part of the human foot 脚后跟 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ arch Language Points arch /: n. 足弓；拱；拱门；拱型结构 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ pad Language Points pad /: n. 足垫；垫；衬垫；拍纸簿 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ toe Language Points toe /: n. each of the five divisions of the front part of the human foot 脚趾 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ touch Language Points touch /: vt. feel (sth.) with ones hands or another part of his body 触摸；碰 e.g. Visitors are asked not to touch the paintings. 参观者请勿触摸画作。 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ increase Language Points increase /: v. become or make greater in number, quantity, size, etc. 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等） e.g. The population of this town has increased greatly. 这个城镇的人口有了大幅度的增长。 They have increased the price of petrol by 3%. 他们把汽油的价格提高了 3%。 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ S_It may sound silly, Language Points It may sound silly, but the arms actually do help us run faster. 这可能听上去很愚蠢，但双臂实际上的确能帮助我们跑得更快。 “sound” 在该句中用作连系动词，意为 “ 听起来，似乎 ” ， 之后要跟表语。这一类可用 作为连系动词的动词还有 look “ 看起来 ” , smell “有 的气味 ”等。 e.g. He looks awful. 他面色很难看。 The food smells good. 这食物闻起来很香。 e.g. I do feel sorry for Mary. 我真的为玛丽感到难过。 He did find a regular job. 他确实找到了一份固定工作。 句中 “do” 表示强调。 “do”,“does”, “did” 皆可用来表示强调，意为 “的确，确实 ”。 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ yard Language Points yard /: n. 院子；天井；庭院；码 （英美长度单位 ， 1码 =3英尺，合 0.9144米） backyard /: n. 后院 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ S_It may take Language Points It may take some time to perfect, but as with any other athletic skill, the more often one practices, the better one becomes! 要达到技术娴熟的水平可能要花费一些时间，但如同任何运动技术一样，练习越经常， 技术越熟练！ the more the more 相当于汉语中的 “ 越 越 ” ，表示两个过程按比例同时增或 减。这种句型的前一个 the more 结构是从句，后一个 the more 结构是主句。 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ perfect Language Points perfect: 1. / / a. not having any mistakes, faults, etc.; ideal; complete 完美的，完善的；理想的；完全的 2. / / vt. make perfect or complete 使完美；使完全；完成 (1) Articler6-10_popwin_ athletic Language Points athletic /: a. 运动的，体育的；运动员的 (1) Articler11-14_popwin_ Q1 7) Why is good endurance important in running? 8) What is the key to endurance running? Good endurance is important in running because it enables an athlete to run for a long time without getting tired. The key to endurance running is to conserve energy. (1) Articler11-14