（修改）初中英语课件名词讲解图文

名词 一、一、 名词的分类和可数性名词的分类和可数性 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词： 表示具体的人名、事物、地点、机构、月份 和节日等的名词。 South Korea Childrens Day Halloween the WTO Womens Day Childrens Day Womens Day 2.普通名词： 指一类人，事、物质或抽象概念的名称的名词 普通名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 student family team air wine lovesuccess 二、可数名词和复数变化二、可数名词和复数变化 非选择题的一级重点（会拼写）一级重点（会拼写） 1.1.名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化: : 1).1).一般情况下，在名词词尾加一般情况下，在名词词尾加s s work 2).以辅音字母s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词，在 词尾加es bus brush watch box works buses brushes watches boxes 1. These (box) are heavy. We cant carry them. 2. The man with _(眼镜) is a visitor to our college. glasses boxes 3).以o结尾的词，词尾加es或s 有生命+es potato tomato hero negro potatoes tomatoes heroes negroes 无生命+s zoo , radio, photo, piano, zero, 1David took a lot of _ (photo) in Mochou Lake Park last weekend zoos radios photos pianos zeros photos 4).以辅音字母加y结尾的词复数变化的 规则。 先将y变为i，再加es, family city lady 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母 加y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s boy key families cities ladies boys keys 5).以f或fe结尾的专有名词，先 将f或fe变成v再加es 【巧学妙记记】 （1）巧记记名词词复数变变f/fe为为v加-es的单词单词 ： 树树叶 （leaf） 半数 （half） 自己 （self） 黄， 妻子 （wife） 拿刀 （knife） 去杀杀狼 （wolf）， 架 （shelf） 后小偷偷 （thief） 逃命（life)忙。 （2）一句话话巧记记以o结结尾名词词复数加-es的单词单词 ： 英雄（hero）爱爱吃西红红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）。 特殊有些以f结尾，是直接加s的，如 , roof, belief, 2.2.名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化: : 1).变内部元音 man - foot - 1. How many times do you brush your (tooth) every day? 09常州 men feet teeth 2).词尾加en,或ren child- ox - 3).单复数同形: Chinese, Japanese , sheep, deer, fish, 7. There are more _(sheep) in Australia than in Japan. children oxen 中国人和日本人 很爱护绵羊、鹿 和鱼。 sheep 4).复合名词的复数变化： 主要词改为复数： passer-by passers-by路人； father-in-law fathers-in-law 前后两词均该复数： man servant- men servants; woman nurse- women nurses 三不可数名词和数三不可数名词和数 1.常见的不可数名词： 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况 下为不可数名词。 air love 2.不可数名词的数(五级考点五级考点) 数词或冠词+量词+ of + 不可数名词 中考高频词 Piece: a piece of news /advice /bread Cup: a cup of tea 1. Good morning, madam. Can I help you? Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread C. one bowl of dumplings D. five kilos of oil 2.Mr .Smith always has _ to tell us. A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece of good newes 1 .We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once. A. information B. advice C. idea D. news 2. Father went to his doctor for _. A. an advice B. advices C. some advice D. the advices 3. How many _ do you want every week? A. milk B. water C. apples 4. They got much on the Internet . A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information 有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1)(1) glass glass( (玻璃) ) a glass a glass( (玻璃杯) ) paper paper( (纸) ) a paper a paper( (报纸) ) work work( (工作) ) a work a work( (著作) ) room room( (空间) ) a room a room( (房间) ) (2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼) time(时间) times(时代) 四、名词所有格四、名词所有格 名词所有格构成 s所有格 of所有格 双重所有格 1.s所有格的构成一级重要一级重要 表示有生命的名词的所有格 s所有格的构成 1).单数名词词尾加s，复数名词 词尾没 有s的，也要加s Mona Lisa smile, mens room 1. June 1st is _ Day. (child) Children s 2).名词已有复数（即词尾已有s），则只加 “”。 ladies hats Where is the_ desk ? Can you help them to find it? (twin) 3).两个名词并列， 分别有s则表示“分别有”； 只有一个s则表示“共有”。 Johns and Marys rooms各有一间 John and Marys room 共有一间 twins 1. This is_ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne s and Jane s C. Anne s and Jane D. Anne and Jane s 2.of 所有格： of+名词 1).表示无生命东西的所有关系. 2).有生命的名词的s所有格和of所 有格可以互换 the girls name=the name of the girl 3双重所有格： 双重所有格的两种形式: of + 名词性物主代词 of + 名词所有格 a cousin of my fathers a friend of hers/ours my fathers hers 五、名词的修饰语五、名词的修饰语 1.1.只修饰可数名词的修饰语：只修饰可数名词的修饰语： few(few(否否) ) a few a few（肯）（肯） many many several several a (large) number of a (large) number of 2.只修饰不可数名词的修饰语： little little （否）（否） a little a little（肯）（肯） much much a great deal of a large amount of 3.即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名 词: some some a lot of a lot of lots of lots of plenty of 1.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few 2.Im new here. I feel lonely because I have _friends to talk with. A. few B. many C. little 3.You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? I did Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of 4. Theres _ milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon. A. a little B. little C. a few 补充考点 1).复合形容词 “数词+名词+形容词 ”构成 中间的名词不能用复数形式只能用单数。 1. Each of us has to write a report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words 2A new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat A30-minute B30 minutes C30一minutes 2).a number of和 the number of的区 别 前者只修饰可数名词表示许多 后者表示的数目 The number of pages in this book _ 60. A number of students _ planting trees on the hill 只修饰可数名词许多 的数目 is are 第六节名词辨析（交际运用） 1.日常生活场景 和日常生活有关，生活用品，个人喜好，电脑，等很多与生 活有关的问题 1.Do you like to listen to “Mozart”? Yes. Listening to _ is my favorite. A. songs B. music C. stories D. news 2. He didnt tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a _. A. joy B. surprise C. shock D. happiness 3.After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some _ in the mall nearby. A. furniture B. chair C table D. shelf 2.吃喝或去饭店场景 点餐要menu，之后要bill. drink后加名词和eat后加名词（可数与不可数的辨析 ） 1Excuse me, waiterWe are leavingWould you please show us the ? Amenu Bmoney Cbill Dlist 2. - Mum, Im hungry! - Oh, you can have some _. A. sweater B. breadC. pet 3.抽象名词 1. Bill is ill. Do you know whats wrong with him? Poor boy. His illness is the _ of eating unhealthy food. A. result B. cause C. reason D. end 2. I had a very unusual yesterday. I saw a UFO land in front of me. A. decision B. test C. friend D. experience 4.去公共场所 去电影院，市场，空出room等等 1Mike and his friend are going to the_ to see the new action movie tonight。 Abook shop Brestaurant Cconcert Dcinema 2. Its so crowded here. Lets make some _ for the baby. A. ground B. room C. seats D. chairs (1)How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bananas B. meat C. bread D. milk (2)Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favor (3)These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; Germanies D. Germany; Germans (4)Would you pass me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paper Choose the best answers. (5) _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and Bills B. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill (6) In China, September 10th is _. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day (7) Excuse me, where is the_？ A. mens restroom B. mens restroom C. mens restrooms D. men restrooms (8) The post office is a little far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk (9) Miss Yan is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers . 用所给词给词 的适当形式填空 1.（2012 烟台中考）The 3rd Asian Beach Games _ (hold) in Haiyang on June 16, 2012. 2. (2012 临临沂中考)Li Na is an outstanding tennis _ (play). 3.（2011 梧州中考）In China, September 10th is _ (teacher) Day. 答案：1. will be/is to be/is going to be held 2. player 3. Teachers 4.（2011 梧州中考）We can see many _ (potato) in the supermarket. 5.（2011 烟台中考）We do lots of outdoor _ (active) when spring comes. 答案：4. potatoes 5. activities . 单项选择单项选择 1.（2012 孝感中考）I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much _ on the Internet. A. game B. information C. idea D. message 【解析】选B。考查名词的数。much修饰不可数名词，所给四 个选项中只有information是不可数名词，故选B。 2.（2011 衡阳中考）There are two _ and three _ on the table. A. apple; banana B. apples; banana C. apples; bananas 【解析】选C。考查名词的数。数词two和three后应该跟可数 名词的复数形式。apple的复数形式为apples，banana的复数形 式为bananas。故选C。 3.（2012 安顺顺中考）Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers? A. advice; man B. advices; men C. suggestion; man D. suggestions; men 【解析】选D。考查名词的数及语法功能。advice作“建议”讲 是不可数名词，suggestion作“建议”讲是可数名词，故可排除B 、C项；man作定语时，其形式与所修饰的名词数的形式保持 一致，故选D。 【技巧点拨拨】 突破名词词作定语这语这 一考点时时可以让让学生记记住一句话话： 名词词定语语多用单单，男人(man)女人(woman)跟着变变，个别别名词词 （sports，clothes）用复数，特殊情况要记记全。 4.（2011 安顺顺中考）_ about the sports meeting make us excited. A. News B. Information C. Messages D. Advice 【解析】选C。考查名词的用法。由谓语动词make是原形，可 知主语应该是复数形式，而news，information，advice都是不 可数名词，故选C。 5.（2012 随州中考）The _ often eat grass on that hill. A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep 【解析】选D。由谓语动词eat可知主语为复