2017年考研英语二真题及答案.docxVIP

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SectionUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points).Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork,.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain_1_warningthattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby_2_inequality:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexculsive_3_holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one_4_bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives_5_,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed._6_,todaysunemployeddontseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor_7_Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe_8_forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction_9_poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Anotherstudyshowsthatpeopleareoftenhappieratworkthanintheirfreetime.Perhapsthisiswhymany_10_abouttheagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesnt_11_followfromfindingslikethesethataworld withoutworkwouldbefilledwithmalaise.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe_12_ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe_13_ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould_14_strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the_15_ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andasquanderingofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalwaywhohaswrittenaboutaworldwithoutwork.“Globalsurveysfindthatthevastmajorityofpeopleareunhappyatwork.”Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively_16_formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional_17_oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromaharddayswork,I1oftenfeel_18_,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdonthavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself_19_ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor_20_matters.1AboastingBwarningCdenyingDensuring2AuncertaintyBunreliabilityCinstabilityDinequality3ApolicyBguidelineCpredictionDresolution4AmeasuredBdiviedCbalancedDcharacterized5AmeaningBwisdomCgloryDfreedom6AindeedBinsteadCthusDnevertheless7ArichBworkingCurbanDeducated8AsubstituteBrequirementCcompensationDexplanation9AunderBbeyondCamongDalongside10AleavebehindBworryaboutCmakeupDsetaside11AatatisticallyBnecessarilyCoccasionallyDeconomicall12AdownsidesBchanceCbenefitsDprinciples13AcourseBheightCfaceDabsence14adisturdbrestoreCyieldDexclude15AmodelBvirtueCpracticeDhardship16AtrickyBlengthyCscarceDmysterious17AthreatsBstandardsCqualitiesDdemands18AtiredBignoredCconfusedDstarved19AoffBagainstCintoDbehind20AprofessionalBtechnologicalCeducationalDinterpersonal完型填空【答案】1.Bwarning2.Dinequality3.Cprediction4.Dcharacterized5.Ameaning6.AIndeed 7.Bworking8.Dexplanation9.Aunder10.worryabout11.Bnecessarily12.Bchances13.Dabsence14.Cyield15.Cpractice16.Cscarce17.Ddemands18.Atired19.Cinto20.DinterpersonalSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeleysworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonsOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympicwouldbetoleveranationofsport loversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012-butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimismixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedplaningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoodsmakingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,ParkrunhasAgainedgreatpopularityBcreatedmanyjobsCstrengthenedcommunitytiesDbecomeanofficialfestival22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondonsOlympic“legacy”hasfailedtoAboostpopulationgrowthBpromotesportparticipationCimprovethecitysimageDincreasesporthoursinschools 23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatitAaimsatdiscoveringtalentsBfocusesonmasscompetitionCdoesnotemphasizeelitismDdoesnotattractfirst-timers24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshouldAorganize“grassroots”sportseventsBsuperviselocalsportsassociationsCincreasefundsforsportsclubsDinvestinpublicsportsfacilities25.TheauthorsattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthavedoneforsportsisAtolerantBcriticalCuncertainDsympatheticText1【答案】21.Againedgreatpopularity22.Bpromotesportparticipation23.Cdoesnotemphasizeelitism24.Dinvestinpublicsportsfacilities25.BcriticalText2Withsomuchfocusonchildrensuseofscreens,itseasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringthe exercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparentsfacestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermothersattention.“Parentsdonthavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachildsverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkidsuseofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“Itsbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyourefailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisntlearningfromthescreendoesntmeantheresnovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto_.AabsorbuserattentionBincreaseworkefficiencyCsimplifyroutinemattersDbetterinterpersonalrelations27.Radeskysfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothersuseofdevices_.Atakesawaybabiesappetite BdistractschildrensattentionCreducesmother-childcommunicationDslowsdownbabiesverbaldevelopment28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_.AitiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsBparentsneedtorespondtochildrensemotionalneedsCverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangeDchildrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparentsmood29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_.AprotectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasiesBteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearCremainconcernedaboutkidsuseofscreensDensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren30.AccordingtoTronick,kidsuseofscreensmay_.AmaketheirparentsmorecreativeBgivetheirparentssomefreetimeChelpthemwiththeirhomeworkDhelpthembecomemoreattentiveText2【答案】26.Aabsorbuserattention27.Creducesmother-childcommunication28.Bparentsneedtorespondtochildrensemotionalneeds29.Densureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren30.BgivetheirparentssomefreetimeText3Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith7increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingwordoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesntit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesntfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisntacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,itsnotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.Theresalwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothindthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethatthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyourenotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoice.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisntsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplication,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.Itsnotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecloselytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostoncollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron. 31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthatA.theythinkitacademicallymisleadingB.theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeC.itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersD.Itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelpsA.KeepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticB.LowerrisksinchoosingcareersC.EasefreshmensfinancialburdensD.Relievefreshmenofpressures33.Theword“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningtoA.AdaptationB.ApplicationC.MotivationD.Competition34.AgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthemA.AvoidacademicfailuresB.Establishlong-termgoalC.SwitchtoanothercollegeD.Decideontherightmajor35.ThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbeA.InFavoroftheGapB.TheABCsoftheGapYearC.TheGapYearComesBackD.TheGapYear:ADilemmaText3【答案】31.BTheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege32.Drelievefreshmenofpressure33.Badaptation34.Adecideontherightmajor35.BInfavoroftheGapYearText4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofthewildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfiresnearlydoublethepercentageitspendonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfindstodaysaregoingtowardstheagencysotherworksuchasforestconservations,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeepthataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfrontotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfirepronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollorsbuildinghomesarelikelytobelosttoawidefire?“Itsalreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditurepersperctiveforthewholecountry,”hesays“Weneedtotakeamanifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminitues,isthisOk?”Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcertrateonlowerhazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfires,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationaboutwildfiresneedstobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechangehowthewarningoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldntcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemandlandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothsways,”hesays.Fallingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProffesorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfiresinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingforthelaws,politics,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“Weredisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays,”Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandtreaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwiththefiretoday.” 36.Morefrequencywildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015theytendtoA.causeahugeariseofinfrastructureexpenditureB.severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstatesC.consumedarecordhighpercentageofbudgetD.exhaustedunprecendentedmanagementefforts37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof“amagnifyingglass”toA.raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas