2019高考英语词汇13练习含解析.doc

2019高考英语词汇13练习含解析复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）【单句单词语法填空】1 Most people work because its unavoidable._contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 答案：Byby contrast“相比之下”。句意：大部分人工作是因为它是无法逃避的。而相比之下，有些人工作是因为的确享受工作。2 These comments came _response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 答案：inin response to“回应”。句意：这些评论出现是为了回应那些当地新闻记者经常问到的具体问题。3(2015湖北，30改编)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you _advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 答案：inin advance“提前”。句意：会议室是非吸烟区。我想提前警告你：如果你在这儿吸烟的话。你会被罚款的。4(2015重庆，10改编)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average. 答案：aboveabove the average“在一般水平以上”。句意：去年是有记录以来最热的一年，全球气温比平均气温高0.68。5(2015福建，22改编)A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform. 答案：ofthey all have _ their school days为memory的定语，可还原成have a memory of结构，意为“有的回忆”。句意：他们对学校生活的共有回忆是校服。拓展：I have a vivid memory of her face.“她的容貌栩栩如生地印在我脑海里。”核心单词1.favo(u)rite adj.最喜爱的，中意的n. 特别喜爱的人或物2.fierce adj. (尤指人或动物)凶猛的；凶狠的；猛烈的；强烈的3.figure n. C 外形；轮廓，人物；雕像；数字 vt. 计算；认为；猜想；相信，估计4.finance n. U 资金；财政，金融vt. 给提供资金5.fitness n. 健康6.flexible adj. 灵活的，可变通的7.forbid vt. 禁止，不许8.foreign adj. 外国的 9.foresee (foresaw, foreseen) vt. 预见；预知10.forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕11.fortunate adj. 幸运的； 侥幸的12.fortune n. 财产；运气13.fragile adj. 易碎的；脆弱的14.framework n. (建筑物)框架，结构15.function n. 功能，作用vi. 活动，运行；行使职责16.fundamental adj. 十分重要的，根本的；基本的17.garbage n. 垃圾18.generation n. 代，一代19.generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的20.geography n. 地理21.gettogether n. 聚会22.graduate v. 毕业23.grammar n. 语法24.grasp v. 抓住；紧握25.grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的重点短语1.get hold of得到，掌握get in touch with 同取得联系get back 回来；取回get over 克服；度过get on/along well with 与相处融洽get into 进入；陷入get in 进入；收割get rid of 除掉get through 通过；接通；完成；经历get away with 做错事未被惩罚get about/around/round 传开，传出去get across 使理解get down to (doing) sth 开始认真(做)某事2.give away 分发；赠送give back 归还give in 屈服，让步give off 发出(气味、热、光等)give out 耗尽，用完；分发give up 放弃，投降give way to 给让路；对让步【阅读理解】Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）, Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying out the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing companies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。写作句式主语从句1.(2016天津高考书面表达)What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently.我们最为欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，使你们非常高效地完成了任务。2.(2016全国卷书面表达)Its a great pity that I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.非常遗憾我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。3.She is warmhearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.她是一个热心肠的人，因此她总是帮助那些处于困境中的人们就不足为奇了。我读我练.词汇应用 1.As we all know, English is made up of grammar(语法) and vocabulary.2.You can see from these examples that many people could benefit from a flexible (灵活的) work schedule.3.Fortunately (fortune) for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.4.I have determined on working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation(graduate).5.Secondly, being polite and friendly, I am easy to_get_along_with (与相处)and enjoy working together with others.6.Theyll have to give_in(让步)they cant hold out forever.句式仿写1.遗憾的是，很多人没有意识到环境保护的重要性。It_is_a_pity_that many people dont realize the importance of environmental protection.2.本周日我们去滑冰，这是个好主意。Its_a_good_idea_that we will go skating this Sunday.3.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。What_struck_me_most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.【练习】Boys and girls，May I have your fully attention, please? I have announcement to make.To welcome our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，February 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose? Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes.Dont miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs.Everyone is welcome.Thats all.Thank you.【答案】Boys and girls，May I have your attention, please? I have announcement to make.To welcome our friends the United States，the Student Union going to hold a party on Saturday evening，February 20.As ，the party will be held in the lecture hall of