大学商务英语综合教程unit 1ppt课件

Welcometo,EnglishReadinginBusiness,1,Objectives:,ToupgradeyourEnglishreadingskillsinbusinessToreviewthefundamentalknowledgeinbusiness,2,Arrangementoftheteachingprocess,CaseanalysesIllustratetherelativeknowledgeofbusinessReadingpracticeinbusiness(basedonthematerialsoftextbook)Reviewthetermsofbusiness,3,GradeEvaluation,Exams:Final70%(Basedonlecturenotesandthetext)Classactivityandyourattendanceforeachclassisrequired:30%,4,Toyota,5,Thinkoutasmanywords,phrasesorexpressionsaspossibleaboutbusinessfromtheeventofToyotasrecalls.WhatisToyota?Company/firm/enterpriseBrandProductMarket,6,PeopleorOrganizationsEngagedinBusiness:Company,firm,enterprise,joint-venture,corporation,individualcompany,collectivefactory,privatecompany,conglomerate集团企业，CEO,manager,merchant,salesman,businessman;PlacestoConductBusinessActivities:Market,departmentstore,supermarket,stockexchange,hotel,restaurant,bank;OtherTermsFrequentlyUsedinBusinessOperation:Sell,buy,goods,order,profit,interest,invoice,check,bill,consumer,customer.,7,WhatisBusiness?,Businessisthehumanactivityrelatedtomaterialthings.Itisnecessaryforcivilization.Businessistheactivityofproducinganddistributinggoodsandservices.,8,Businessisthehumanactivityrelated涉及tomaterialthings.Itisnecessaryforcivilization.Itisfoundinallsocieties,eventhesimplestones.Businessmayincludetheproductionofgoods:Makingairplanes,buildingbuildings,andconstructing构成paperboxesareexamplesofproduction.Itcanalsoprovidethefinancing理财融资fortheseactivities.Lendingmoney,tradingstocks股份andbonds有息债券,andsellinginsurance保险policiesrelatetothesecuring获得ofcapital资本forbusinessactivities.Otherformsofbusinessincludemerchandising买卖,whichisthesellingofproducts,andprovidingvariousservices,suchasaccounting会计,distributing分发,andrepairs.Business,then,istheactivityofproducinganddistributinggoodsandservices.,TheNatureofBusiness,9,Theoutlineofthecourse,BusinessandeconomyBusinesssectorsandIndustriesCompanies(CSRandBusinessEthics)Marketing(Marketingstrategy/IntegratedMarketing/directmarketing/positioning/personalselling/AIDA/FABV/SWOT/Branding/4Ps）HRM(JobsandCareer),10,Finance(banking/foreignexchange)BusinessEnvironment(economic/political/legal/socio-cultural/technological/financial/information/internal)Accounting(tax)IT/EC/LogisticsBusinessLaw/InternationaltradeInternationalBusiness(modes/globalization/Internationalization/GATT/WTO/levelofeconomicintegration/Thetriad/outsidethetriad/,11,Chapter1Businessandeconomy,12,Economics,Socialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.,13,Twofieldsofeconomics,BasisofTheories理论基础：Microeconomics微观经济学、Macroeconomics宏观经济学,14,Microeconomics微观经济学(Pricetheory),微观经济学(Microeconomics)：以单个经济单位作为考察对象，研究单个经济单位经济行为以及经济变量的个量是怎样决定与变动的经济学分支学科，它只见树木，不见森林，是谓“虫瞰”(wormseye)。producer生产者supply供给consumer消费者demand需求marketstructure市场结构,15,Macroeconomics宏观经济学,宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)：以整个国民经济总体作为考察对象，研究社会总体经济问题以及经济变量的总量是怎样决定与变动的经济学分支学科，它只见森林，不见树木，是谓“鸟瞰”(birdseye)。,16,Historyofeconomicthought,17,Mercantilism:,Thecenterthemes:Themorepreciousmetalsanationhad,thericherandmorepowerfulitwas.Encouragenationalself-suffiencytheinspirationofseveraldomesticpolices:tokeepwageslowToincreasepopulationToavoidextravagancesToencouragechildrentoworkatearlyages.,18,Theclassicalschool,Economistsandthetheirworks:AdamSmithWealthofNationsThomasRobertMalthusAnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulationDavidRicardoPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxationJohnStuartMillPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyJean-BaptisteSayTreatiseonPoliticalEconomy(Sayslaw),19,Themajorprinciples:,PrivatepropertyFreemarketsPrincipleofcompetitionToreconcilepublicbenefitwithindividualpursuitofprivategainby“invisiblehand”,20,AdamSmithandWealthofNations,Theexplanationofhowrationalself-interestinafree-marketeconomyleadstoeconomicwell-being.,21,ThomasRobertMalthusandAnEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation(人口原理）,Heisknownforhisdirewarningsagainstoverpopulation,Malthusdidnotopposepopulationgrowthperse.Rather,heopposedgrowththatwouldoutstripthefoodsupply.Hepredictedthatpopulationwouldgrowgeometrically,whilethefoodsupplywouldincreaseonlyarithmetically,resultinginmassstarvation.,22,DavidRicardoandPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation政治经济学及赋税原理,Diminishing-returnsinagricultureTheLaborTheoryofValueTheTheoryofComparativeAdvantage,23,Ricardoformulatedtheideaofcomparativecosts,todaycalledcomparativeadvantage.Comparativeadvantageisthemainbasisformosteconomistsbeliefinfreetradetoday.Theideaisthis:acountrythattradesforproductsthatitcangetatlowercostfromanothercountryisbetteroffthanifithadmadetheproductsathome.,24,Comparativeadvantageandabsoluteadvantage,absoluteadvantagereferstotheabilityofaparty(anindividual,orfirm,orcountry)toproducemoreofagoodorservicethancompetitors,usingthesameamountofresources.,25,comparativeadvantagereferstotheabilityofaparty(anindividual,afirm,oracountry)toproduceaparticulargoodorserviceataloweropportunitycostthananotherparty.,26,Marxism,Surplusvalue,27,Reportsanalyses,AnimalbreedingAutomobileindustryTextileTourismRailwaytransportConstructionindustry/realestateComputerserviceindustry,28,Economicssectors,Primarysector(extractionofrawmaterials)Secondarysector(manufacturing)Tertiarysector(services),29,Primarysector,Theprimarysectoroftheeconomyinvolveschangingnaturalresourcesintoprimaryproducts.Mostproductsfromthissectorareconsideredrawmaterialsforotherindustries.Majorbusinessesinthissectorincludeagriculture,agribusiness,fishing,forestryandallminingandquarryingindustries.,30,Secondarysector,Thesecondarysectoroftheeconomyincludesthoseeconomicsectorsthatcreateafinished,usableproduct:manufacturingandconstruction.Thissectorisoftendividedintolightindustryandheavyindustry.,31,Tertiarysector,Thetertiarysectorisalsoknownastheservicesectorortheserviceindustry.Thegeneraldefinitionofthetertiarysectorisproducingaserviceinsteadofjustanendproduct.Sometimesanadditionalsector,thequaternarysector,isdefinedforthesharingofinformation(whichnormallybelongstothetertiarysector).,32,Sectorsdividedbyownership,publicsectorprivatesectorvoluntarysector,33,publicsector,Thepublicsector,sometimesreferredtoasthestatesectorisapartofthestatethatdealswitheithertheproduction,deliveryandallocationofgoodsandservicesbyandforthegovernmentoritscitizens,whethernational,regionalorlocal/municipal.,34,privatesector,theprivatesectoristhatpartoftheeconomywhichisbothrunforprivateprofitandisnotcontrolledbythestate.,35,voluntarysector,Non-profitorganizationsareregardedaspartofthevoluntarysector,36,businesssector,Ineconomics,thebusinesssectorisasubsetofthedomesticeconomyexcludingtheeconomicactivitiesofgeneralgovernment,privatehouseholds,andnonprofitorganizationsservingindividuals.,37,FormsofBusinessOwnership,Soleproprietorships/singleproprietorshipPartnerships(generalpartnership,limitedpartnership,andjointventure)Corporation(privatecorporation/publiccorporation),38,Businessorganizationandstructure,Specialization(专门化）Delegat