牛津9A Unit 4 语法指南-副词.形容词的比较级和最高级.doc

牛津9A Unit 4 语法指南-副词.形容词的比较级和最高级（1）构成A 大多数单音节形容词的比较级和最高级的构成是在其原级后面加上-er和-est：small-smaller-smallestnew-newer-newestB 许多单音节形容词只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母。在比较级和最高级形式中，这个辅音字母要双写：big-bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thinnestC 许多单音节形容词以-e结尾，如 nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加-r和-st：large-larger-largestnice-nicer-nicest D 有些形容词以-y结尾，而在-y前是一个辅音字母。这些形容词一般有两个音节。变为比较级和最高级时，-y要变成-i，末尾再加-er和-est：easy-easier-easiestheavy-heavier-heaviestE 但有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如：good-better-bestbad-worse-worstF 大多数较长的形容词（即有两个以上音节的词）可与more连用构成其比较级形式，与most连用构成其最高级形式。（2）用法比较级只用于两者之间，通常与than连用。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，它也可独立存在：This coat is longer. 这件外衣较长。最高级用于3者或3者以上。形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句：That girl is the tallest student in our class. 那位姑娘是班上个子最高的学生比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说 明例词一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以ow,er结尾的双音节词加er ,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词 加more mostmore beautiful,most important副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加er, est 构成其比较级和最高级。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定最不过His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and highermore and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice, three times , a third, etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于“more +可数名词”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent, three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , m