词类 一 名词.doc

词类 一 名词1、 定义 名词，顾名思义，是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。二、名词的分类 名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词可以用数字来进行计算；分为名词单数与名词复数；不可数名词就不能用数字进行计算。三、可数名词的单复数1.名词复数的规则变化 重点一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加sbook-books, day-days, desk-desks以s,x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加esclass-classes, match-matches, wish- wishes1. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，改y为i再加es2. 元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s（特殊）city-cities,country-countries, factory-factoriesmonkey-monkeys, holiday-holidays1. 以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f/ fe改为v，再加es2. 少数直接加s（特殊）leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thievesbelief-beliefs, roof-roofs, proof-proofs1. 以辅音字母加o结尾的，有4个单词在词尾加es（特殊）2. 其余的直接加spotato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes, Negro-Negroesphoto-photos, piano-pianos, zoo-zoos；练习：1. turn green in spring.a.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs2 are very useful to pupils.a. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio3. Many _ _ are playing on the playground.a. boyes b. boys c. a boy d. boies2.名词复数的不规则变化 难点1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-miceman-men 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的复合词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women如： an Englishman，two Englishmen。 由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都要变复数例：woman doctor-women doctors(女医生) 2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，yuan，等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎，千米，英里，米等都有复数形式。如：ten dollars, five pounds, two dollars, two meters, three miles练习：Three _ are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. ships3）表示某国人： 单复数同形：Chinese- Chinese Japanese-Japanese 变man为men：Englishman- Englishmen Frenchman- Frenchmen 在词尾加s：German-Germans American-Americans 4）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实际上为复数难点1. peoplepolicecattle family 等本身就是复数，不能用a/an修饰，其谓语动词应用复数。 注意：people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。family的复数形式families指“多个家庭”。错：a people，a police 对：a person，a policeman例：1. There are five_(people ) in his family. 2. Its nine oclock now. My family _(be) watching TV.5） 有些以s结尾，以单复形式出现，但实为单数的名词，如：难点a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词，不能说 a news, 可借助量词，a piece of newsC. Manners: 礼貌，礼节，为不可数名词；其单数形式manner译为：方式，方法。6） 表示由两部分构成的东西，常以复数形式的名词 trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers, three pieces of bread.7) 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，但man/woman做定语修饰另一个名词时，两个名词都用复数形式。难点例：apple tree-apple trees book shop-book shops woman doctor-women doctors可数名词：课堂作业一、用所给的名词的适当形式填空1 Look! There are a lot of _ (leaf) on the groud2 There are many _(people) in the room.3 People wear shoes on their _(foot)4 There are some _(dumpling) on the plate 5 Those _ (child) are playing football outside 6 There are some _ (sheep) in the field7. There is some_(food) in the basket. 8. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 9. Lets take_(photo), OK? 10. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 11. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 12. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 13. Their_(dictionary) look new14There are two_ over there（watch）15l can see a _and two _ standing there（man，woman）16There are two baskets of_ on the floor（apple）17How many _can you see？（radio）18Look at those_（child）19. There are many_(fox) in the picture.20 The cat is chasing two_(mouse).单选 1. Two _ died in the accident. _ terrible it is!A. policemen; How B. policeman; What C. police; What D. policemans; How2. Near Our school there are two _. A. shoes shops B. shoes shop C. shoe shops.3. The _are looking for a little girl. A. policeman B. police policemans4. -What is your favorite _? -Mid-autumn Day. I can eat a lot of moon-cakes. A. season B. weather C. festival D. month5. Could you take _ for these _? They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photoes; tomatoes6. My brother likes chemistry of all the _. A. vegetables B. subjects C. fruits D. drinks7. Look! Those three _ are talking with three _. A. Englishmen; Germen B. Englishmans; Germans C. Englishmen; Germans D. Englishmans; Germen8. Look! The _ are watering flowers. A. man B. woman C. boy D. children9. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many _ here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter10. Ive forgotten both of the _. A. room numbers B. rooms numberC. rooms numbers D. room number11. I want something to eat .Please give me a _ A book B watch C shirt D cake12. The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices13The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths14. There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese; Germen B. Japaneses; Germen C. Japanese; Germans15. The dog has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 不可数名词1. 常见的不可数名词air, smoke, water, oil, soup, juice, drink, ink, rain, snow, ice, tea, coffee, milk,wine, sunshine, heat, light, sugar, salt, rice,hair,furniture, food, meat, beef, fruit, bread, trouble, success, homework, housework, music, paper,work, information,weather（技巧区分名词可数与不可数： 若一个事物分成两半还能叫之前的名称，为不可数名词；若一个事物分成两半不能再叫原来的名称，为可数名词。）2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式难点例：The food is very fresh.食物很新鲜。 There is no room for these books. 没有空间来放这些书了。 3. 不可数名词量的表示 重点不可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一块面包 a bottle of water一瓶水 a cup of tea一杯茶 a glass of beer一杯啤酒 a drop of water一滴水练习：What _ you usually have for breakfast? _ and a cup of coffee.A. do; Thre bread B. do; Three pieces of breadC. are; Three breads D. are; Three piece of bread 4. 另外还有一些既可作可数又可作不可数的名词，但所表达意义不同。难点可数名词不可数名词chickens（鸡 活的）chicken（鸡肉）fishes（鱼 活的）fish（鱼肉）fruits (各种水果)fruit (水果)rooms (房间)room (空间，位置)times (次，倍)time (时间)exercises (练习)exercise (运动，锻炼)oranges (橘子) orange (橘汁) 1. _ is spoken the most widely in the world. A. Chinese B. English C. FrenchD. Russian2. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_, please?A. some bread B.some tea C.some cakes D. some eggs3. Whats wrong with my sons _? He cant see things clearlyA. eyesB. earsC. mouthD. nose4. The Alps（阿尔卑斯山）_ an area of 200,000 square kilometers. A. is B. are C. has D. have5A pair of glasses_ what I need at the moment. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. _plastics are made in this chemical works. A.Many kind of B. Many kinds of C. Many kinds D.Many kind7.“Lao wang has just moved into a new flat.” “Did he have to buy_ for it?” A.many new furniture(家具) B. much new furnitures C. much new furniture D.many new furnitures8. changed; whatever men can do, women can do too. A.The time has B.The times C.Times have D.Times9.He has_ on his farm. A.20 head of cattles B.20 heads of cattles C.20 heads of cattle D.20 head of cattle10. I wish I could give you_ . A.many advice B. much advice C.many advices D.a lot of advices11.If you go to the hills, you will see_ there. A.much fine scenery B.few fine sceneries C.a few fine sceneries D.many fine sceneries12.The news of the losses suffered by our enemy _ much worse than expected. A.was B.were C.are D.has13.He opened the letter and it contained _. . A.an important information B.some important informations C.many important informations D.some important information14.Remember _ ; thank your friend when you leave the party.A.your manner B.your manners C.his manner D.his manners15.The students hope that they won t have _ to do today.A.much homework B.many homeworks C.a lot of homeworks D.few homework 综合练习1. I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. potatoes C. noodles D. cabbages2. The room was small and contained too _.A.much new furniture B. much new furnituresC.many new furniture D. many new furnitures3. All the _ in the hospital attended the meeting last month.A. women doctors B. woman doctorsC. women doctor D. woman doctor4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato5. Would you please pass me?A two paper B two papers C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers6. “What would you like, Ann? ”“Id like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks7. These foreign friends are.A. German B. Germen C. Germany D. Germans8. There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers, sheeps B. deers, sheep C. deer, sheep D. deer, sheeps9. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley 10. Did you hear the _report? A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. Policemens11. -Whats in the _? -There are some _ and _ in them. A. photos; potatos; radios B. photos; potatoes; radios C. photos; potatos; radioes D. photos; potatoes; radioes12.There_ not _ milk in the cup on the table . A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much 13.How many _ are there in the room ?A. apple B. students C. milk D. paper 14.You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? I did _ Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of 15.Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule 16Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!Mind your own _ ,Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. way 17. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt_ news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few 18. -Why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-Because I didnt have any_with me.A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money19. John always says that he likes apples of all the _ .A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks20. -You look worried. Whats your _ ?-I have trouble learning English.A. name B. question C. problem D. job 21. -Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?-Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information 22. I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles23. -Inmyopinion, Chinahas more _todeal withthedisease ofA/H1N1.-I quiteagreewithyou. Chinese medicine works well.A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials 24.Its said that you have moved into a new house.Yeah，and we need to buy some_ in the mall nearby.A. food B. furniture C. hamburger 25. All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.A. man B. men C. woman D. women26.Emma, who are you taking _ of at home? My grandma, she got hurt in an accident.