对小型农田水利工程建设和管理问题的探讨.doc

/ /对小型农田水利工程建设和管理问题的探讨For small irrigation and water conservancy project construction and management issues 引言：小型农田水利建设是农业发展的最基础的条件，是实施农业可持续发展的关键，同时在面对恶劣的地质气候情况，特别是1999年以来景德镇市出现的大面积干旱，健全的农田水利建设体系和完善的管理措施，将很大程度上缓解自然灾害给人民群众生活带来的不便，减少农业生产的损失。景德镇市小型农田水利工程点多面广，且工程形式多样，管护好工程，使其发挥应有的效益，是保障人民的正常生产和生活的关键。Preface: small irrigation and water conservancy construction is the most basic condition of agricultural development, is the key to agricultural sustainable development, in the face of bad geology climate conditions at the same time, especially the widespread drought since 1999 also appeared, and perfecting the system of farmland water conservancy construction and perfect management measures, will largely reduce natural disasters to the people life inconvenience, reduce the loss of agricultural production. Startan point area wide, small irrigation and water conservancy engineering and projects in a variety of forms, management engineering, make it play their benefit, is the key to guarantee the normal production and life of the people. 一、目前景德镇市小型农田水利工程建设存在的问题A, is also the small irrigation and water conservancy engineering construction problems 小型农田水利工程是指为解决耕地灌溉和农村人畜饮水而修建的田间灌排工程、小型灌区、灌区抗旱水源工程、小型水库、塘坝、蓄水池、水窖、水井、引水工程和中小型泵站等。Small irrigation and water conservancy engineering is to solve the farmland irrigation and built rural drinking water and field irrigation and drainage engineering, small irrigation area, irrigation water resistance, small reservoirs and shuitangba, cistern, cistern, Wells, water diversion project and middle and small pumping station, etc. 1、工程建设存在很大的盲目性、随意性，导致在工程技术、合理开发和社会经济效益等诸多方面不能互相兼顾，如某小型水库灌溉涵管漏水，在没有专家认证前，乡（镇）政府拿出资金进行维修，多年来，没有从根本上解决漏水问题，致使枯水季节缺水灌溉，丰水期，水泛成害；1, there is very great blindness in engineering construction, randomness, resulting in engineering technology, the reasonable development and not many aspects, such as social and economic benefits both to each other, such as a small reservoir irrigation culvert pipe leaking, before no experts certification, township (town) government took out money for repair, over the years, not fundamentally solve the problem of leaking, causing dry season water irrigation, plentiful water, water flooding into harm; 2、工程重复建设多、半拉子工程多以及工程纠纷多。造成了规划无序、施工无质、管理无度、科技含量低，存在很多工程隐患，如某乡（镇）田间灌溉渠道工程，属于农业开发项目，县（区）政府负责管理，但没有配备专职管理人员，造成工程完成60%70%，停工一年多也无人过问，该渠道内80%沉积大量淤泥；2, redundant construction, uncompleted project more and more engineering disputes. Disorder caused the planning, construction quality, management, low content of science and technology, there are a lot of projects, such as MouXiang (town) the field irrigation channel engineering, belongs to the agricultural development project, the county (area) government is responsible for the management, but has not been equipped with a full-time management personnel, engineering completed 60% 70%, down more than a year and as usual, the channel deposition of silt within 80%; 3、管理粗放，建设标准低。前几年景德镇市部分地区由于资金短缺，导致部分水利设施建设标准低，建成后管理粗放，造成过早的失去其使用价值，同时也造成国有资产的流失，如县（区）部分农业开发项目，项目建成后，没有落实到部门单位管理，建成不到一年时间，引水渠道淤堵，泵站毁坏严重；3, management extensive, low construction standards. Parts of a few years ago also due to the shortage of funds, resulting in low standard, part of the water conservancy facilities construction after the completion of extensive management, lead to premature lose their use value, also caused the loss of state-owned assets, such as the county (district) agricultural development project, after the completion of the project, not to carry out the management unit of the department, built in less than a year of time, the diversion channel siltation, badly damaged the pump station; 4、工程建设缓慢，老工程年久失修。工程建设监督管理机制不健全，以及过程建设中的纠纷问题，导致建设进度缓慢甚至长期拖延，对农业生产和日常生活都造成了不好的影响，如某乡（镇）群众集资兴建的小型水库，施工队伍不规范，监理制度不健全，施工前期存在着质量问题，致使建设进度缓慢；4, project construction is slow, dilapidated old project. Engineering construction supervision and management mechanism is not sound, and the disputes in the process of construction problems, lead to the construction progress is slow or delay for a long time, the agricultural production and daily life were caused bad effect, such as MouXiang (town) people to raise money to build a small reservoir, the construction team is not standard, the supervision system is not sound, the early stage of the construction there are quality problems, the construction progress is slow; 造成这些问题的原因是多方面的，了解我们在农田水利建设和管理存在的问题，将促使我们进一步去思考如何在工程建设和管理中加强监管、健全体制去解决这些问题，让我们的水利建设变成真正的阳光工程、便民工程。The cause of these problems is various, to understand our problems in irrigation and water conservancy construction and management, will lead us to think about how to further strengthen supervision in engineering construction and management and improve the system to solve these problems, let us become the real sunshine project, water conservancy construction for the convenience of engineering. 二、全面加强对在建农村水利工程建设的监管力度Second, comprehensively strengthen the building of rural water conservancy project construction supervision 要做到工程建设规划合理、施工有质、管理有度，必须要有一套完善的工程建设管理制度，同时组建一个完整的质量监督体系，自上而下，齐抓共管，才能保证工程建设过程透明，质量过硬，经得起考验。Rational to do engineering construction plan, construction quality, management, and must have a set of perfect engineering construction management system, forming a complete system of quality supervision, at the same time, from top to bottom, and should, in order to guarantee the project construction process transparent, the high quality and stand the test. 1、建立管理机制，完善建设程序，提高科学管理水平1, establish management mechanism, to improve the procedures of construction, improve the level of scientific management 农村中小型农田水利工程内容广泛，实行统一管理，合理规划布局，完善建设程序，根据先申请规划审批，再建设施工，后验收交付使用的原则进行，广泛宣传，科学管理，使各地农村中小型水利工程建设不断往规范有序方面发展。Content of rural small and medium-sized agricultural engineering widely, unified management, reasonable planning and layout, to improve the procedures of construction, and according to the first application for examination and approval of planning, construction, after acceptance of delivery using the principles of publicity, scientific management, make all over the rural small and medium-sized water conservancy project construction constantly to standardize the orderly development. 2、建立农田水利建设规划审批制度2, build system of irrigation and water conservancy construction planning examination and approval 规划是水利工程建设的前提，是搞好工程建设、合理利用资源，使工程发挥更大效益的基础依据。景德镇市近两年结合实际情况，正在认真编制景德镇市水利发展“十一五”规划。为此，要求地方，如乡镇、村一级在拟建五万元以上的中小型水利工程，如打井、建坝、扬水、拦河、修渠、排水、微滴灌等，首先申报，对工程地点、规模、投工、投资计划等，由乡（镇）水管站报上级水行政主管部门审批实施。Planning is the precondition of water conservancy project construction, do well the engineering construction, the reasonable use of resources, make the project play a more important benefit based on the basis of. Is also the last two years combined with the actual situation, compiled also the water resources development of the eleventh five-year plan. Therefore, requirements, such as township, village level in the planned fifty thousand yuan more than the small and medium-sized water conservancy projects, such as drilling, river dam, pumping, block, drainage, drainage, micro drip irrigation, etc., the first to declare that, the scale of the project site, TouGong, investment plan, etc., by the township (town) ShuiGuanZhan to the water conservancy administrative department for examination and approval to implement. 3、严格设计资质证制度和工程招投标制度3, strict design professional system of CARDS and the engineering bidding system 严格设计资质证制度，依据审批工程的Strict design professional system of CARDS, according to the examination and approval of engineering 规模，建立健全资质认证制度，确保聘请具有一定设计资质的、从事相应水利工程的设计单位设计，严禁无资质的单位和个人通过不正当渠道获取从事水利工程设计的权力，设计图纸必须加盖资质证章方能使用；所有审批的中小型水利工程，必须经行政主管部门招标办招标。招标办组织建设单位和有施工准入证的三家以上企业或单位，依据设计工程项目进行投标，落实工程招投标制度，引进竞争机制，规范施工管理，明确工程投资，遏制工程建设中出现的腐败现象，签定公证合同方可进入施工程序。 .hl. 文章 来源：中華勵志網 论文 范文4、建立施工准入证制度和实行工程监理制度Scale, establish and perfect the system of qualification certification, to ensure that hiring has certain design qualifications, engaged in water conservancy engineering design unit design accordingly, it is strictly prohibited without qualification units and individuals through proper channel to get engaged in hydraulic power engineering design, design drawing must build qualification badges can use; For examination and approval of all the small and medium-sized water conservancy projects, must by the administrative department in charge of matters concerning the bidding. Matters concerning the organization construction units and construction here for three or more enterprises or units, according to the design project for bidding, to carry out the engineering bidding system, introducing competition mechanism, standardize the construction management, engineering investment, curb corruption, engineering construction of notary contract signed between in the construction process. Article source: the self-help network model essay paper 4, build system of construction here and practice the construction supervision system 施工准入证是指具有一定的水利施工技术和条件，达到一定的施工管理水平的施工企业，才能准许其进行水利工程施工的一种制度。以取得水利施工准入的企业，必须具备一定的技术人员、生产设备和有一定实践经验的施工人员为标准确定，施工准入证由省水行政主管部门发放并检审；在工程进入施工阶段，质监单位配备一定数量的质监员，施工单位的技术员随时配合质监员对工程各个部分进行检测，填写检测记录，特别是对影响工程质量的主要材料，如设备、水泥、钢材、试件、试块等能验证和影响工程质量的材料，双方共同到有关权威部门做鉴定，才能作为保证资料、必备资料和安全资料汇入施工档案，为综合验收和今后工程管理检验提供可靠真实依据。Construction here refers to the water conservancy construction has a certain technology and conditions, as part of the construction management level of construction enterprise, in order to allow for a system of construction of water conservancy projects. , in order to obtain access to water conservancy construction enterprises must possess certain technical personnel, production equipment and has a certain practical experience of construction personnel for the standard, the construction here by the provincial department of water administration issue and review; In engineering construction stage, the quality control unit is equipped with a certain number of member of quality control, the construction unit of the technician with member of quality control at any time to test the engineering parts, fill in test record, particularly affecting the engineering quality of main materials, such as equipment, cement, steel, specimen, block and so on can affect the engineering quality verification, and materials, both to the relevant authorities to do identification, quality as guarantee, necessary data and security data files into the construction, for the comprehensive inspection and engineering management in future inspection to provide reliable basis. 5、建立竣工验收备案制度和实行严格奖惩制度5, build system of completion inspection and acceptance for the record, and strict system of rewards and punishments 在工程竣工后，建设单位要以竣工报告形式报请上级水行政主管部门进行验收。同时施工单位也要报经甲乙双方共同签字盖章的施工保证资料和必备资料，汇总的真实完整资料一套备案。地市县水务局根据竣工报告和施工资料，组织有关设计、质监和相关单位的技术人员与建设单位和施工单位，对工程进行全面验收，通过听取报告、查询资料、检测实体、细查局部的程序对所建工程验收，做出该工程的综合评定意见，所有未经验收的工程不准交付使用和结算工程款项；加强农田水利工程建设管理，严格按建设程序施工，提高工程质量，对年内新建工程项目进行评优，对被评为“优质工程”的凭验收证明兑现一定的奖励，同时加强宣传，形成一种狠抓工程建设质量的良好社会风气，对未按建设程序施工的，根据有关法律法规并报相关智能部门进行处罚，并通报批评和备案，特别是不按有关规范施工造成施工质量不合格的豆腐渣工程，严厉打击，决不手软。After project completion, the construction unit to completion acceptance report form submitted to the water conservancy administrative department. Construction units at the same time should also be reported to the signature and seal of both parties jointly construction to ensure that necessary information and data, summary of the real data of a set of complete the record. To cities and counties in water authority according to the report completion and construction materials, and organize relevant design, quality control and technical personnel of the relevant units and construction units and construction units, engineering to conduct a comprehensive inspection, through listening to reports, query information, testing entities and canvass local program built for project acceptance, make a comprehensive evaluation of the engineering, all is not allowed without the acceptance of the project delivery and settlement project funds; To strengthen the construction of irrigation and water conservancy engineering management, strict according to construction procedure construction, improve the quality of engineering, construction engineering projects for years for recommendation, to be rated as quality engineering cash on the strength of the acceptance certificate of the certain reward, at the same time, strengthen the propaganda, to form a good ethos of vigorously promotes the project construction quality, construction about not according to the construction process, according to relevant laws and regulations and submit relevant intelligence department, and informed criticism and for the record, and especially not in accordance with relevant specification construction construction quality not qualified jerry-built projects, to crack down on, not . 小型水利工程建设具有较强的地域性质，因而不能以偏盖全的按一个模式或经验进行水利建设和监督管理，而应根据本地的实际情况出发，结合当地的地质、气候和人文环境，建立和健全具有地方特色的小型水利工程建设监督管理体制，为当地农业发展和农民日常生活服好务。Small-scale water conservancy project construction has strong regional nature, and thus cant according to a pattern or to the water conservancy construction, supervision and management experience, and should according to local actual situation, combined with the local geology, climate and human environment, establish and improve the with local characteristics of small water conservancy engineering construction supervision and management system, for the local agricultural development and farmers daily life better. 三、全面加强对现有水利工程的使用管理和维护Three, comprehensively strengthen the use of existing water conservancy project management and maintenance “百年大计，质量第一”，优质合格的水利工程的建设完成，为农业生产和人民日常生活奠定了一个良好的基础；但是，要使其长期充分地发挥其经济效益，作为以后水利工程建设起到一个参照示范的作用，加强对已有工程的使用管理和维护就显得尤为重要。One hundred plans, quality first, quality qualified for the construction of water conservancy project completion, for agricultural production and Peoples Daily life lay a good foundation; However, to make it fully play its economic benefits for a long time, as a water conservancy project construction after the play the role of a reference model, to strengthen the use of existing project management and maintenance is particularly important. 1、安全管理1, the safety management 安全管理的首要是加强水法的宣传，在防止水利工程受到洪水等自然灾害的侵袭的同时，也要防止少部分惟利是图的人为破坏；其次是工程建设工程没有主次，每个环节都很重要，特别是工程配套设施的建设质量一定要保证，如小型水库的泄洪口等；Safety management of the first is to strengthen the water act propaganda, to prevent the water conservancy project hit by floods and other natural disasters at the same time, also want to prevent a small number of diluting the man-made destruction; Followed by the engineering construction project no primary and secondary, every link is very important, especially must assure the construction quality of engineering facilities, such as small reservoirs of outlet, etc.; 2、内业资料管理2, data management in the industry 关于工程管理的标准、规定、法律等资料必须齐全；设计图纸及文件、施工记录、检测结果、竣工验收报告等应立项建档；工程建设中出现的问题及解决的结果以及工程管理的各项检查记录资料也应当妥善保存；About project management standards, regulations, laws, etc. Information must be complete; Design drawings and documents, records, test results, the completion acceptance report shall be project documentation; Problems arising from the project construction and the result of the solution and project management in all kinds of inspection record data shall also be properly kept; 3、工程设施管理3, engineering facilities management 对小型水利工程设施，等级造册，绘制工程分布图分类进行排列，对重点工程实施挂牌，设专人重点管理，落实目标责任制，确保已有工程项目特别是重大型项目的设施管理安全；For small water conservancy facilities, physical level, drawing engineering pattern classification, as for key projects, a key management personnel, to carry out the target responsibility system, to ensure that existing project especially heavy facility management of large project safety; 4、经费管理4, funds management 制定合理的工程维修养护费标准，根据受益面积和各地的具体情况，向受益者和收益单位征收一定的费用，用于工程维护；利用水Formulate reasonable engineering maintenance cost of maintenance standard, according to benefit area and around the specific circumstances, to impose a fee to beneficiaries and revenue unit to used for engineering maintenance; Use of water 利发展基金等形式对工程进行维修和养护；推行义务工制，接受受益人或者单位的义务工。目前景德镇市乐平部分乡镇成立了“理事会”，按照“谁建设、谁管理、谁受益”的原则，用好经费，做好项目建成后期管理工作。5、技术推广和人才培养The form such as development funds to engineering for repair and maintenance; Carry out compulsory system, accept the beneficiary or the compulsory units. Currently also the yaumcha part of villages and towns set up council, in accordance with the who, who management, who benefits principle, with good funds, later the completion of the project management work. 5, technical promotion and personnel training 水利工程建设是效益长期的工程，因此建设规划必须具有发展的眼光。地方水利部门可以采取派出去，请进来，实行短期培训等方法，抓好管理人员的业务培训，提高管理人员的业务水平；同时要抓好工程建设中的新技术的推广应用工作，让农田水利建设与日益反展的农业生产和