江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit3 Tomorrows world语法讲解 牛津译林版必修4.docVIP

被动语态何时使用被动语态1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的发出者2. 出于表达的习惯3. 强调动作的承受或被执行4. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语1. many buildings are built in our town.2. yaoming was born in china.3. he was taken to hospital immediately.4. he was brought up by a man who was kind and has great expectation 主动语态变成被动语态的方法原主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语部分主动变被动，原主动语态的主语变成介词by后的宾语（主语）he teaches english(宾语) in this school.english(主语) is taught by him （宾语）in this school.a动词的被动结构及用法动词的八种时态主动变被动主动被动1. he writes novels every day.2. he wrote novels when he was young.3. he is writing a novel now.4. he was writing a novel when i came in.5. he will write many novels when he grows up.6. he has written many novels since then.7. he had written many novels before he went to university.8. he promised that he would write more novels.1. novels are written (by him) every day.2. novels were written (by him) when he was young.3. a novel is being written (by him) now.4. a novel was being written (by him) when i came in.5. many novels will be written when he grows up.6. many novels have been written by him since then.7. many novels had been written by him before he went to university.8. more novels would be written by him as he promised. b 情态动词的被动结构情态动词的主动结构一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need do完成式 must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have done例句 we must take measures to protect our environment.measures must be taken to protect our environment.you ought to water the flowers twice a day. the flowers ought to be watered twice a day情态动词的被动结构一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need be done完成式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have been donec. 不定式的被动语态形式例句be going tobe tobe sure tobe certain to + be +过去分词be due tobe about to1. the flowers are to be watered twice a day.2. the thief is sure to be caught.3. the book is due to be published next month.4. the meeting is going to be held this weekend.d.系表结构与被动结构的区别被动语态表示动作的被执行或承受；而系表结构表示主语的特点，性质或状态过去分词由too，very，so， much等修饰e.g. she was so shocked that she couldnt say a word.过去分词为表示心理，感情，处所等e.g. he is lost in thoughts. the school is located in the center of the city.过去分词为表示 “必然性，趋势性，意向决心等e.g. the boy is determined to get the book.remain ,feel , like, stand, grow, become等+过去分词e.g. the door remained closed all day.e. 被动语态的注意点不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省略she was seen to pass by the window.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态，往往意为“容纳，拥有，适合，缺少”如lack, fit, mean, hold, cost, contain, become, look like, consist of etc. the book costs 10 yuan.the whole group consists of ten members.she looks like her mother.the area once lacked water.及物动词做不及物用+副词（e.g. easily, badly, well , smoothly）,多用主动表被动,主语往往是人the pen writes well.the book sells badly.the cloth wears long.某些形容词+不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时，用不定式的主动形式the picture is pleasant to look at.the sentence is easy to understand.连系动词不用于被动语态（feel, appear, ring, smell, sound, become , come, etc.）he soon fell asleep.the table feels smooth.burn, devote, dress, hurt, hide, love, seat, station, wear, tire + oneself + 介词=be + 过去分词+介词i hurt myself in a car accident. = i was hurt in a car accident.he seated himself in the bench. = he was seated in the bench.一、单项选择1. what kind of advice _ to you? a. has gaveb. was gavec. has been givend. has given2. yesterday peter _ a ticket for speeding. a. gaveb. had been givenc. was givend. was gave3. the construction of the gym _ by the end of january according to the contract. a. must be completingb. must complete c. must have completedd. must have been completed4. he returned at midnight and found his house _. a. had broken into b. was broken intoc. to be broken into d. had been broken into5. a cook will be fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. a. smokeb. smokingc. to smoked. smoked6. coal can_ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. a. have usedb. be usedc. used. used7. some new oilfields _ since 1976. a. were opened upb. has opened upc. have been opened upd. had been opened up8. these boys _ our football team. a. are belong tob. are belonged toc. belong tod. belong of9. these bags which _ to hong kong were missing at last. a. should have been sentb. should be sent c. should have sentd. should send10. can this good decision _ from you? a. exceptb. expectedc. be expectedd. excepting11. she _robert for a year. a. marriedb. married withc. has been marriedd. has been married to12. great changes _ in beijing, and a lot of new facilities _. a. have been taken place; have been set upb. have taken place; have been set up c. have taken place; have set upd. were taken place; were set up13. he slipped into the room to avoid _. a. noticedb. noticingc. being noticedd. being noticing14. tv and radio programmes _ the other side of the world with the help of the satellites. a. can send tob. can send onc. can be sent tod. can be sent on15. the old man was quite weak after the operation, so he _. a. must be taken careb. must take care of c. must be looked afterd. must look after16. with the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of it. a. has introducedb. is being introducedc. being introducedd. was introduced17. the first world war _ in 1914. a. was broken outb. broke outc. was brokend. was happened18. spring comes with many flowers _. a. come outb. being come outc. coming outd. be come out19. your cough ought _ before it gets any worse. a. to seeb. to be seenc. to see tod. to be seen to20. -have you telephoned your father? -yes, he _ back next week. a. is expectedb. expectsc. will expectd. will be expected二、动词填空1. -how _ it _ (feel) to be 60? -much weaker.2. the report needed _ (hand) in last week according to the plan.3. they would like to see the plan _ (practice) right now.4. -where is my mp3? i couldnt find it anywhere.-it must _ (take) away by somebody.5. you may get _ (separate) from your friends since the street is so crowded.6. it remains _ (see) whether jim will be fit for the job.7. the news reporter hurried to the airport, only to _ (tell) the film star had left.8. _(lose) in thought, he didnt notice his boss coming.9. the medicine will be effective if _ twice a day. (take)10. the window must _ (close) by him because he was the last one to leave.三、句子翻译1. 在会上她被问了好些问题。2. 会上大家就减负是否可行产生了争议。3. tom在无锡安了家。4. 没有人注意到他的离开因为灯碰巧被关掉了。5. 清洁工通常是按小时计酬的。6. i need one more stamp before my collection is completed.7. a new museum will be built here, which represents the creation of wuxi people.8. many rainforests are being cut and burned at an amazing speed.9. do you know the film star who got killed in a murder?10. a lot of questions can be reflected if you look into the whole matter further.五、句子改错1. i have to stay in the hotel because my house is repair .2. he went home one day earlier than expecting.3. the terrible accident was happened to him ,which made him suffered a lot.4. devoting to his work , he has made great achievements so far.5. the box is too heavy to be lifted .6. no one likes making fun of.7. great changes have been taken place in wuxi after the reform.8 the professor is seemed to be happy with his students answer.9. a great number of books donated to the library are proved to be good.10. do you know the person referring to just now?answersexercise 1 15 ccddb 610 b