高考英语二轮复习 专题限时训练（三十）科普知识型阅读理解配套作业（二）（解析版湖南省专用）.doc

专题限时训练(三十)科普知识型阅读理解(二)(限时：25分钟)5(一)two new studies show that children who live close to parks and markets that sell fresh food are half as likely to be obese as children who live far from these places.obese people are extremely overweight, and those extra pounds are tied to an increase in a persons risk for many different diseases and serious medical conditions, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer.the research reveals “the influence of environmental factors on peoples health, in particular obesity，” laura kettel khan, a nutritionist at the centers for disease control and prevention in atlanta, told science news.lawrence frank, an urban planner and public health researcher at the university of british columbia in vancouver, led one of the studies.urban planners study the design of cities and work to build better places to live in.he and his colleagues looked at hundreds of neighborhoods in californias san diego county and in washingtons king county, which includes seattle.they judged all the neighborhoods according to their nutrition and physical activity.the neighborhoods that scored highest on nutrition had a supermarket nearby that sold fresh produce and few fast food restaurants in the area.neighborhoods that scored highest on physical activity had parks and were “walkable”， which means residents can walk to many places theyd want to go to.the researchers then looked at health information from 681 children, aged 6 to 11, who lived in those areas.about 1 in 12 children who lived in neighborhoods near parks or supermarkets were obese.in neighborhoods lacking parks and markets, the obesity rate among children doubled, to about 1 in 6.the work “will inform the way we think about cities and how to design neighborhoods，” jennifer black told science news.black, who didnt work on the new studies, is a nutritionist at the university of british columbia.“we have a pretty strong sense that if its easier for people to safely and comfortably walk to the kinds of things they want, theyll be more likely to be physically active and spend less time driving，” she adds.the researchers also found that newer neighborhoods scored lower than older neighborhoods, which suggests that some new housing developments may work against the health of the people who live there.many communities no longer provide parks and markets within walking distance, frank told science news.“if we want to reverse the obesity epidemic(流行病), we need to reverse the way were building our communities.”1the best title for the passage is _.aobesity related to eatingbobesity tied to many diseasescobesity linked to locationdobesity linked to city planning2what did the researchers do for the study?athey surveyed thousands of neighborhoods in california and in washington.bthey graded each neighborhood based on nutrition and physical activity.cthey interviewed nearly seven hundred children of the neighborhoods.dthey looked at health information of each neighborhood from its young residents.3what did lawrence frank and his colleagues find in their research?akids living near parks or markets are less likely to be extremely overweight.bthere are parks near the neighborhoods that score highest on physical activity.cliving in neighborhoods near parks or supermarkets can keep obesity in control.dmore new neighborhoods are built with human health taken into consideration.4it is inferred from the saying of jennifer black that _.adriving is bad for health beating right is good for healthcliving actively determines healthdgetting exercise is good for health5according to the passage, what does lawrence frank think of todays urban planning?ait is amazing. bit is satisfying.cit is worrying. dit is positive.(二)babies work hard to get ready to talk.they listen attentively, and at around 6 months of age start to babble(含糊不清地说) with passion while their brains figure out how to make sounds understood by others.a new study suggests babies might also learn to gab by using their eyes.“babies start to lipread when they learn to babble，” said david lewkowicz, a psychologist who worked on the study.at that time, he says, infants probably connect the sound of a word to the shape of a persons mouth when saying the word.lewkowicz and amy hansentift, both of florida atlantic university in boca raton, conducted the experiments demonstrating babies lipreading skills.the scientists studied 179 infants from families where english is the main language spoken at home.the children, who were divided into groups by age, wore special devices while they watched videos of a woman speaking english or speaking spanish, which was a foreign language to the babies.the device kept track of where the child looked while watching each video.babbling babies between ages 8 and 12 months old watched the speakers lips during every video.babies who could talk also watched the speakers lips but only while viewing spanish videos.while watching the english videos, babies who could talk switched to watching the womans eyes.the scientists say these findings suggest that babies who already use words can look away from a speakers mouths and toward the eyes for additional, nonverbal(非语言的) communication clues.the new study is useful for understanding how babies learn to speak, but it also might help researchers understand disorders like autism.children with autism have a hard time communicating clearly and forming relationships with people.previous studies have shown that children with autism watch peoples mouths and avoid eye contact by the time they are 2 years old.the new experiments suggest that prolonged(长时期的) lipreading in younger children, between 1 and 2 years old, may be an early sign of impending(将发生的) problems.“its too soon to know if a longer period of lipreading might be connected to autism，” said rhea paul, who is a psychologist and autism researcher at yale university.she says the new study demonstrates, however, that “it is normal for infants to increasingly look away from adults eyes and at their mouths from 6 to 12 months of age.”1the underlined word “gab” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “_”aread bcommunicate cobserve dtalk2why did the researchers make the children wear special devices during the experiments?ato know how they would react to the videos emotionally.bto keep them always interested in watching all the videos.cto know what they would focus on while watching the videos.dto know which language they would be more interested in.3in the study, lewkowicz and amy hansentift found that _.aall the babies watched the speakers lips during every videobbabies who couldnt talk watched the speakers mouth during every videocbabies who could talk watched the speakers eyes during every videodbabies who could talk watched the speakers lips and eyes during every video4the sixth paragraph is intended to explain _.athe early signs of autism in childrenbhow babies learn to speakcthe significance of the new studydthe effects of autism on children5in the opinion of rhea paul, _.ayounger children with prolonged lipreading wont necessarily suffer autismbchildren with fear of eye contact will have trouble communicating with otherscbabies ranging from 6 to 12 months are used to looking at adults mouthsdage of 6 to 12 months is a good time for babies to learn to speak(三)technology is changing our lives.our present aerospace(航天航空) companies are gradually disappearing as private space concerns are being born every day.im going to discuss three spacebased businesses that are sure to soon influence us all.first we have to make space travel cheaply and safely.engine design is the main challenge.to make money in space, the cost of space travel will have to diminish.this problem will be the most difficult to solve.liquid fueled rockets are the only way to get out of earths orbit(轨道)finding new ways to power the flight to space is also another big challenge.finding the key to cheap space travel might be the biggest story of our times.there are a lot of great minds working on this problem.and companies are pouring money into research and development.in the next few years well see the first suborbital tourist.and not long after that we should really start to see new and exciting things as competition heats up.spacecraft design and production will naturally follow rocket technology.all sorts of crafts will be needed for the wide uses theyll be tasked with.several companies in the united states have already made small, lowcost test vehicles.resources in space will provide great mining profits to those who can afford the cost of setting up such a huge operation.can you imagine finding a huge asteroid(小行星) of pure gold? the benefit to mankind is limitless.mining on other planets, like mars, also adds co2 into the very thin atmosphere.over time this can lead to the formation of an atmosphere similar to earths.space is going to offer us untold opportunity and wealth.but this is only going to occur if wealthy investors step forward and fund the first steps forward.it is certain that technology will take us to worlds we could have never imagined.1the passage is mainly about _.athe future of space travelbthe cost of space travel in the futurecthe development of spacecraftsdcheap travel in the future2the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 2 most probably means _.ago down bbreak out crise up dset off3what should be done first to make travel in space cheap and safe?aa direct route from earth to other stars should be found.bsome new kinds of fuel should be used in the rockets.cnew material should be used to build the rockets.dnew rocket engines should be designed.4according to the passage mining on other planets might help _.aincrease the travel benefits therebform the atmosphere like earths therecbring some new species theredcreate more job opportunities there5according to the passage, the spacebased businesses are _.alikely bimaginary cunbelievable dvaluable专题限时训练(三十)(一)【语篇解读】 研究发现：住在公园和市场附近的孩子得肥胖症的可能性更小。1c主旨大意题。根据全文主题句“two new studies show that children who live close to parks and markets that sell fresh food are half as likely to be obese as children who live far from these places.”可推断肥胖与环境位置有关，故选c项。2b细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究者们对他们所研究的社区从其营养和体育锻炼方面给予打分，故选b项。3a细节理解题。根据第一段“two new studies show that children who live close to parks and markets that sell fresh food are half as likely to be obese as children who live far from these places.”和第五段可知，住在公园和市场附近的孩子得肥胖症的可能性更小，故选a项。4d推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“we have a pretty strong sense that if its easier for people to safely and comfortably walk to the kinds of things they want, th