（浙江省选考）10月高考英语 专题一 高频词汇分类集训与语篇训练 话题十四 热点话题.doc

话题十四热点话题1accident n事故；偶然的事件，意外by accident偶然地2benefit v有益于；有助于；受益n优势；益处benefit from/by从中受益be of benefit tobe beneficial to对有益for ones benefitfor the benefit of sb.为某人的利益3challenge vt.怀疑；挑战n挑战；难题；质疑a challenge to对的挑战challenge sb.to (do) sth.向某人挑战(做)4compete v竞争；比赛compete in.参加的比赛compete with/against与竞争compete for.为角逐5contribute v捐献；是的原因之一；贡献；投稿contribute to有助于；导致；捐献make a contribution/contributions to对做出贡献；捐款6fortune n财富；运气make a fortune发财；致富be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在方面运气好7general adj.普通的；大众的；总的；大体的in generalgenerally speaking总的来说； 一般说来8mercy n仁慈；怜悯；宽恕show mercy to sb./have mercy on sb.怜悯某人at the mercy of.任由摆布；受控制its a mercy that.真是万幸。9possible adj.可能的；可接受的；合理的it is possible for sb.to do sth.某人做某事是可能的it is possible that.可能there is no possibility that.不可能10praise v赞扬；表扬n赞美；赞扬in praise of赞扬11pretend v假装pretend to do/to be doing/to have done假装要/正在/已经做某事12retire v退休；离开；撤退retire from从退休13risk v冒的危险n危险；风险risk sth./doing sth.冒着的危险at risk处于危险之中at the risk of sth./doing sth.冒着的风险take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事14sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出；献祭n牺牲；供奉；祭品sacrifice sth.to do sth.牺牲去做sacrifice for为作出牺牲15serve v提供(食物)，端上(饭菜)；服役；供职于；服务；用作serve sth.to sb.serve sb.sth.给某人端上某物serve as当作；作为16shelter n住所；藏身之处；庇护；避难所；遮盖物v庇护；躲避shelter.from.保护免于under the shelter of在的庇护下17survive vi.幸存；活下来survive on靠存活下来18trick n诡计；骗局；恶作剧；戏弄v欺骗play a trick/tricks on/upon sb.欺骗某人；捉弄某人trick o sth./into (doing) sth.诱使某人做某事19volunteer n志愿者v自愿做，义务做volunteer to do.自愿做20trouble短语get into trouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境be in trouble有麻烦；碰到困难without trouble毫不费力的，没有麻烦的have trouble with sth./(in) doing.(做)有困难take the trouble to do.不辞劳苦地做.单句语法填空1she has a few thousand dollars put away for her (retire)2tom risked (lose) his job to help you out of the trouble.3the young man volunteered (stop) the drunken men from fighting.4 general，about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions.5he dreamed of making fortune.6we hope your suggestion will contribute to (solve) the problem.7theres been some fierce (compete) for the title.8mike found a (challenge) job as a computer programmer.9a stay in the country will be (benefit) to his health.10they came across it accident.11 was a mercy that she wasnt seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue arrived.12its just possible i gave them the wrong directions.13he pretended (know) the answer to the problem already.14trees shelter the house the wind.15it will greatly increase your chances of (survive).根据要求完成句子1他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。(一句多译) 2在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。(mercy)having lost engine power，the boats crew .3these students are fortunate to have such a good english teacher.(用it作形式主语改写) 4the new regulation will be of benefit to everyone concerned. (用beneficial改写) (用benefit from改写) (用benefit改写)5我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。(一句多译) (一)阅读理解how often do you check your phone? according to a study led by nottingham trent university in britain，the average person looks at their phones 86 times a day.updating their status on social media platforms also made people reach for their electronic companion frequently.even the participants thought that was a lot: this figure is twice as often as they thought they did.our phones might be shaping our behavior more than we realize.do you actually look at your surroundings more than at your phone? is it rude to check your phone when someone is talking to you?sherry turkle interviewed hundreds of college students about this.shes a professor of social studies at the massachusetts institute of technology.they talked about something they called “the rule of three”the rule has to do with being considerate to others despite the allure(诱惑力) of the little flat box.turkle explains, “if you go to dinner with friends，you dont want to look down at your phone until you see that three people are looking up in the conversation.so theres a new rule where you dont look down unless three people are looking up in order to keep a little conversation alive.”actually，if you are clever enough you might use your phone as a tool to connect with people next to you.sharing a bit of your life with them can bring you closer together.and you can also invite everyone to take a selfie (自拍照) with you.but the best thing to deal with mobile phone addiction is to go cold turkey and leave the machine behind occasionally or just switch it off and keep it firmly in your pocket for a while.1why does the author mention “how often do you check your phone？” in the first paragraph?ato stress the importance of mobile phones.bto encourage readers to use mobile phones more.cto introduce a topic to be discussed in the following paragraphs.dto know how readers update their status on social media platforms.2if john was a participant using the mobile phone as often as the average in the study，how many times did he think he looked at his phone a week?a172. b301.c602. d1204.3whats the purpose of “the rule of three”？ato keep a conversation going.bto look down at your phone regularly.cto tell readers how to be considerate to others.dto remind readers of the importance of mobile phones.4which of the following is not the right way to avoid being addicted to the mobile phone?aleaving it home sometimes when you go out.bgoing to turkey for a holiday once in a while.cturn it off on purpose now and then.dhide it somewhere for the moment.(二)七选五both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 5 in general，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.one reason for this is biological.one important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 6 between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力)these hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.in fact，women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 7 they help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.this means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.the common cold is a good example: women，on average，get fewer colds than men. 8 scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.some think that a womans body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a mans.others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 9 ahowever，women，on average，live longer.bthe biological factor plays an important part.cwomen are also helped by their female genes.dthe female hormones also protect the body in another way.erecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.ftherefore，women are healthier than men and can live a better life.ghormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.(三)完形填空as i was taking a walk with my mom，i asked her，“have you taken the senior bus yet？” i held my breath as i waited for her 10 .“oh，yes.i have，” she said.“how was it？” i said the words as 11 as i could to show my excitement，even though i sensed the answer was not going to be 12 .she sighed heavily，“no one ever 13 on that bus.they all sit there quietly and look sad.i only see about thirteen 14 old ladies and men.” my 15 for her situation grasped my stomach.my dad had recently passed away，and his sudden leave made my mother 16 and frightened.for fiftyseven years，my dad had walked by her side.mom never learned to 17 ，so dad drove her everywhere.now，her wheels were gone，as one grandchild so properly 18 her situation.i knew she needed great 19 to make the decision to take the senior bus.however，i firmly believed the 20 wouldnt last too long，for mom was so outgoing and active that she could chat with almost everybody whom she met in the street.several days later，when i came to visit her，i asked，“do they talk to you now？” she 21 and there was a sparkle(火花) in her eyes.it didnt take a genius to figure out that the 22 had changed.“it was silly that all of us just sat there 23 saying a word.so one morning when i 24 ，i greeted them and then remarked that what a nice day it was.soon，they began to 25 and we chatted happily.now we are friends and always have some good 26 on the bus，” she replied.my mother held the key to the 27 of the other lonely people on that bus.a smile and some 28 words were all it took.she sowed tiny seeds of 29 for herself and her friends on the bus.10a.order binstructioncanswer drequest11a.fluently bcheerfullycpatiently dquietly12a.typical breasonablecsimilar dpositive13a.talks beatscdrinks dsleeps14a.conservative bdepressedcsurprised dcautious15a.anger bexcitementcsympathy dforgiveness16a.stubborn bselfishcacute dlonely17a.drive bcookcdance dpaint18a.planned bdescribedccopied dhandled19a.support bexpectationcpatience dcourage20a.silence bfriendshipcargument dimpression21a.complained bsmiledcsobbed dappeared22a.situation bhardshipcdecision dtopic23a.for bbycwithout dafter24a.passed by bgot oncstood up dset out25a.apologize bescapecbother drespond26a.conversations bsuggestionscexamples danalysis27a.fortune bheartscremarks drelationship28a.sensitive bresponsiblecfriendly dofficial29a.honesty bhappinesscimagination dfreedom完形填空题所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短语、句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可以利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正向逆合联合推断法寻找相关信息。正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的上文已知信息并不仅仅是靠近空格的上文已知信息，也包括离空格较远的甚至文章开头的上文已知信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息，当然这里所说的下文信息不仅指离空格较近的信息，还指离空格较远的甚至文章结尾处的下文信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。答案解析话题词汇梳理与对应训练.1.retirement2.losing3.to stop4.ipetition8.challenging9.beneficial10.by11.it12.that13.to have known14.from15.survival.1.he was praised because he risked his life to put out the big fire.he was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.2found themselves at the mercy of wind3it is fortunate that these students have such a good english teacher.4the new regulation will be beneficial to everyone concerned.everyone concerned will benefit from the new regulation.the new regulation will benefit everyone concerned.5we had no trouble (in) finding his office.we found his office without trouble.话题语篇训练(一)1c写作意图题。作者开篇就以一个问题“how often do you check your phone？”问读者，其目的是引出下文将要讨论的话题。2b数字计算题。根据第一段第二句及第二段第一句可知，据调查他们每天看手机的次数是86次，而这一实际数据是他们所认为的次数的两倍。因此他认为的一周看手机的次数应为：8627301。3a细节理解题。结合第四段中turkle的解释“so theres a new rule where you dont look down unless three people are looking up in order to keep a little conservation alive.”可知，“三原则”的用意是使会话活跃地进行。4b推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者对避免手机上瘾的建议是快速戒除(go cold turkey)使用手机成瘾的嗜好；偶尔不带手机或关机并放在你的衣兜里一会儿不拿出来。故排除选项a、c和d。(二)5.a6.g7.d8.c9.e(三)语篇解读本文讲述的是作者的妈妈在公交车上遇到公交车上