Book_8_U1_重点词汇解.doc

1. received adj. 公认的，被承认的，被认可的 = be recognized by; be welcomed by e.g. His speech was very well received. 他的演讲很受欢迎。The received wisdom is that they cannot win the game. 大家一致认为他们不会赢得这场比赛。 receive v. 收到；受到；接纳；承受；收听 e.g. The university receives students from all over the world. 那所大学招收来自世界各地的学生。He received a blow on the head. 他的头部挨了一击。receiver n. 电话听筒，接收者reception n. 接纳；接待；招待会；服务台receptionist n. 接待员；招待员e.g. We were warmly received at the reception. 招待会上我们受到热情接待。2. wisdom n. 智慧; 学识; 明智e.g. One cannot have wisdom without living life. 一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的 wiser adj. 聪明的，贤明的3. release v. 发表，发行，释放，解放，放弃e.g. The new film will be released next month. 这部新的电影下个月发行。He was released from prison after serving his sentence. 他刑满获释。 After the reform, the productive force was released.改革以后，生产力得到了解放。4. adaptation n. 适应， 改编， 改写本; 适应e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。 I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare. 我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。adapt vt. 使适应， 改编 adopt vt. 采用， 收养adapted themselves to city life 使他们适应城市生活adopt a new technique 采用新技术5. harm vt. 伤害， 损害 n. 伤害， 损害 e.g. I harmed my eyes by reading in dim light. 我在昏暗光线下阅读而伤害了眼睛。There is no harm in calling him. 打电话给他并没有什么害处。 do sb. harm = do harm to sb. 伤害某人；危害某人 harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to 对有害 e.g. Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟会危害到你孩子的健康。6. twist vt. 使转弯， 使扭曲，曲解，歪曲 vi. 扭弯， 扭曲， 缠绕， 扭动， 呈螺旋形e.g. String is made of threads twisted together. 绳子是由卷捻在一起做成的。The path twisted up the hill. 这条小路盘绕在小山上。to twist the handle 转动把手Twist the lid to open it. 拧这盖儿打开它。n. 转弯，弯曲， 曲折路 a twist of fate命运的扭转 a story with a quirky twist 跌宕起伏的故事twist of the wrist 巧妙的手法twist off 扭断；扭拧开twist up 把.卷成螺旋形；扭弯；歪曲twists and turns 迂回曲折之处；各个角落；精微处7. fortune n. 财富，运气，大量财产，好运，命运 e.g. She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. 任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。It is also believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year. 而且，据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。Fortune smiled on him. 他万事如意。make a fortune / make ones fortune发财致富 seek ones fortune 找出路try ones fortune 碰运气8. prejudice n. 偏见， 成见， 损害， 侵害 e.g. A judge must be free from prejudice. 法官不应存有偏见。 to the prejudice of sb.s rights 有损于某人的权利 He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他对所有的外国人都有偏见。 have a prejudice against in favour of 对的不利有利偏见 be prejudiced against对有偏见 prejudiced adj.怀偏见的 a prejudiced opinion 偏见Try not to be prejudiced in your judgments. 你作判断时要尽量做到不存偏见.9. companion n. 同伴， 共事者e.g. He was my only Chinese companion during my stay in Australia.他是我在澳大利亚期间的唯一的中国伙伴。a travelling companion 旅伴 make a companion of 与作伴， 与为友accompany vt. 陪伴， 伴奏company n. 陪伴， 公司 in company with 和一起，陪伴某人keep company with和常来往10. civil adj. 有教养的， 文明的， 公民的， 国内的 e.g. Be civil to the headmaster. 对校长要礼貌些。Keep a civil tongue in your head! Dont speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼! be civil to 对.有礼貌 say sth. civil说奉承恭维话11. bent adj. 决意的， 极想的， 下决心的e.g. be bent on一心想要，决心要；专心致志于He was bent on making them happy. 他决心要让他们开心。All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。bend: v. 弯曲，屈服动词过去式:bent 过去分词:bent 现在分词:bending 第三人称单数:bendse.g. It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。12. fancy adj. 华而不实的，花哨的，高档的，极好的a fancy hat.精美的帽子e.g. paid a fancy price for the car. 以过高的价格买下一辆汽车。I hate the fancy education especially in our school. 我讨厌华而不实的教育，尤其在我们学校。13. settle v. 安放， 使定居， 安排， 解决， 决定，使平静，偿清e.g. My son has settled happily in America. 我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。We are settled in our new home. 我们住入新居。The insect settled on a leaf. 一只昆虫落在一片树叶上。Wait until the excitement has settled down. 等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。We have settled who will pay for the meal. 我们已经定了由谁来付饭钱。They settled the dispute among themselves. 他们自己把这个争论解决了。Please settle your account immediately. 请立刻结清你的欠帐。settle down 安顿下来，过稳定有序的生活e.g. He settled down as a farmer with a family. 他与一家人安顿下来务农。14. acquaintance n.相识， 熟人e.g. I have some acquaintance with the Russian. 我懂一点儿俄语。 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.导游懂得一点意大利语。I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well.我稍懂些英语， 但并不精通。He has a large circle of acquaintances.他有很多相识的熟人。make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人make sb.s acquaintance 结识某人15. abuse v. 滥用， 虐待， 辱骂 e.g. Please don abuse your privilege. 请不要滥用你的特权。Ill not abuse your hospitality, your kindness. 我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。n. 滥用， 虐待， 辱骂， 陋习， 弊端e.g. They gave me much abuse for no fault. 他们无缘无故地大骂我。He greeted me with a stream of abuse. 他迎面对我一顿痛骂。16. reform n. 改革， 改善， e.g. The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. 改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。vt. 改革， 革新， 重新组成 vi.革新， 改过， 重组to reform criminals 改造罪犯 to reform society 改革社会17. pressure n. 压， 压力， 电压， 压迫， 强制， 紧迫 e.g. Do not put much pressure on the handle， it may break. 不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。 He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。 put pressure on sb. 对施加压力= pressure under the pressure of 在压力下 at high pressure 紧张的，用力的 work at high pressure紧张工作18. threat n. 恐吓， 凶兆， 威胁 e.g. The threat of war has depressed business activity.战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。He took not notice of his fathers threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。threaten vt.恐吓， 威胁 threatened threatening19. resist vt. 抵抗， 反抗， 抗， 忍得住 e.g. She could hardly resist laughing。 她真忍不住要笑。I was unable to resist laughing.我忍不住笑了。resist aggression抵抗侵略 resist temptation不受引诱the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力 resistance n.反抗， 抵抗， 抵抗力 make some no resistance 进行不抵抗20. kick v. 踢 e.g. Dont kick the ball into the road. 不要把球踢到马路上。The baby was lying on its back, kicking its legs in the air. 婴儿平躺着，两腿向空中踢。 n. 踢 e.g. If the door wont open， give it a kick. 如果门开不开的话，就踢它一脚。21. spin v. 旋转， 纺， 纺纱e.g. The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。 The heavy blow sent the enemy spinning to the ground.猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向， 倒在地上。spin sb. round 使某人很快转身22. sorrow n. 悲哀， 悲痛 e.g. He told me with sorrow that his mother was very ill. 他悲伤地告诉我，他的母亲病得很厉害。 cause much sorrow to 使非常伤心; 给造成许多烦恼express ones sorrow for ones mistake 对错误表示遗憾share ones joys and sorrows 与某人苦乐与共drown ones sorrows 借酒解愁more in sorrow than in anger悲哀多于愤怒23. mistaken adj. 犯错的， 错误的e.g. If you thought he intended to be impolite, you were mistaken. 如果你认为他是故意粗鲁无礼，那你就误会了。 You are mistaken about him. 你错看了他了。(你误会他了。)24. entertaining adj. 愉快的， 有趣的 e.g. A little embroidery made the story quite entertaining.增加了一点虚构细节使得故事相当有趣。an entertaining story 一个有趣的故事 entertain vt.娱乐， 招待， 接受， 怀抱 vi.款待 entertainment n.款待， 娱乐， 娱乐表演25. debt n.债务， 罪过e.g. If I pay all my debts I shall have no money left. 如果我偿清了所有的债，我就一分钱不剩了。 Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 血债要用血来偿。in debt欠债 owe a debt欠债 pay ones debts偿付债款pay off debts 还清欠债 debt of gratitude 恩情26. transform vt.转换， 改变， 改造， 使.变形 vi.改变， 转化， 变换e.g. She transformed the room by painting it. 她油漆了房间使它为之一新。 Success and wealth transformed his character.成功和财富改变了他的性格。A steam engine transforms heat into power. 蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。27. constitution n. 宪法， 构造， 体质， 体格， 国体， 章程， 惯例e.g. According to the American Constitution， Presidential elections are held every four years.按照美国宪法，总统每四年选举一次。This is an unwritten constitution.这是一个不成文的法规。He has a weak constitution. 他体质弱。be of strong constitution体格强壮的the constitu