句子分析讲与练.doc

Vocabulary and Grammar句子分析讲与练2013-12-14Designed and Proofread by Geoffrey Wu句子是表达思想的最基本的语言单位。无论是书面表达还是口头表达，都凭借意义连贯的一系列句子以表达人们的思想。要写好一篇文章，无论是长篇大论，还是百字短文，都必须写好一个个句子。英语的句子根据其结构可分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。一、简单句简单句有五种基本句型，英语里形形色色、千变万化的句子皆由这五种基本句型演变而来。学好简单句是学好并列句和复合句的前提。这五种基本句型，分别为：主语 + 谓语 (S + V); 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S + V + P); 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S + V + O); 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V + IO + DO); 主语 + 谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语 (S + V + O + OC)。如：He shouted so as to attract everybodys attention. 他大喊大叫以便引起大家的注意。(SV)Failure is the mother of success. 失败为成功之母。(SVP)Who answered the telephone just now? 刚才是谁接的电话? (SVO)You gave me some good advice. 你给了我一些好建议。(SVOO)My wife calls me a “movie fan”. 我妻子称我为“电影迷”。(SVOOC)I saw them walking across the road. 我看到他们正穿过那条马路。(SVOOC)二、并列句并列句就是由并列连词或连接副词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而成的句子。 常见的并列连词有：and, but, or, for, so, eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not only but also等；连接副词有：however, besides, furthermore, moreover等。如：There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.Either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die.One cannot see wind, however, it does exist. 人们看不见风，可是它确实存在。三、复合句复合句就是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组合而形成的句子。英语中，有三大类型的从句：状语从句（副词性从句）、定语从句（形容词性从句）和名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）。常见的引导词有：although, as, as if, because, before, how, if, in case, so that, than, that, what, when, where, whether, which, while, who, whom, when, whose, why, no matter how/what/, however, whatever等。如：1. He rushed out of the roombefore I could say a word.（时间状语从句）2. The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years. （方式状语从句）3. He tried his best to solve the problem, however difficult it was. （让步状语从句）4. Yesterday she sold her car, which she bought a month ago.（定语从句）5. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago?（定语从句）6. They will fly to Washington, where they plan to stay for two or three days.（定语从句）7. What matters most in learning English is enough practice.（主语从句）8. We havent settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.（宾语从句）9. The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.（表语从句）10. Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town.（同位语从句）四、并列复合句并列复合句就是由并列句和复合句组合而成的句子。如：Help others whenever you can and you will make the world a nicer place to live in.The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.句子分析练习一 请按要求分析下列简单句1. Failure is the mother of success. S + V + P2. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. S + V3. Who answered the telephone just now? S + V + O4. You gave me some good advice. S + V + IO + DO5. We caught him stealing a watch from the counter. S + V + O + OC6. There are many apple trees in the garden. 存在句型 V + S7. He fell asleep during the class. S + V + P8. They gave a party to celebrate their success yesterday evening. S + V + O9. We stopped on the top of the mountain to enjoy the beautiful views of the mountain areas. S + V10. This new technology will save us much time and labour. S + V + IO + DO11. We consider it quite necessary to look into the case. S + V + O + OC12. Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 存在句型 V + S二 请按要求分析下列并列句1. The movie was perfect and the actors were good. 这场电影很精彩，而且演员们都很棒。(并列句：S + V + P + and + S + V + P)2. There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. 后半夜来了一场暴风雨，大雨倾盆而下。(并列句：存在句型V + S + and + S + V)3. Through our research, not only did we gain practical experience, but also we developed various abilities. (并列句： not only + V1 + S + V2 + O + but also + S + V + O)4. We cook dinner together, or we go for a long walk. (并列句)5. Either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. (并列句)6. He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing. (S + V + P + but + S + V + IO + DO)7. In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children. (S + V + SC + while + S + V1 + and + V2 + O)8. I would like to go with you; however, my hands are full. (S + V + O + however + S + V + P)9. John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.10. I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.11. He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.12. Stand over there and you will be able to see the oil painting better. (祈使句 + and + S + V + P )13. Start out right away,oryoull miss the first train. (祈使句 + or + S + V + O )14. Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive. (S + V + P + besides/ + S + V + P)三 请按要求分析下列主从复合句（划出从句并判断类别）1. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed. (时间状语从句)2. Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity until he reaches the end of the story.4. Youd better not leave the medicine where kids can get at it.5. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.6. The weather was so cold that I didnt like to leave my room.7. The little boy wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story.8. The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.9. Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. (让步 + 原因)10. Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesnt get much exercise.11. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than it used to be.12. Leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.13. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early so that I can have time for a cup of tea.14. The people who called yesterday want to buy the house. (定语从句修饰先行词the people)15. Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who dont.16. Yesterday she sold her car, which she bought a month ago.17. Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago?18. Who is the girl that is taking photos of the birds?19. The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.20. All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。21. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.22. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.23. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.24. This is the reason why he came late to school.25. Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.26. She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.27. The boss in whose department Ms King works looks down upon women.28. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.29. Ill give you my friends home address, where I can be reached most evenings.30. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.31. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.32. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.33. That everything in the world changes was often a theme in poetry of the Romantic Movement. 世界上的万物都是变化的，这常常是浪漫主义运动诗歌中的主题。(主语从句)34. It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over. (it做形式主语；whether over是主语从句做真正主语)35. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.36. Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.37. One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.38. See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning.39. The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.40. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if it got any better.41. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on who he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.42. We havent discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.43. He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.44. We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science.45. Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom?四 请按要求分析下列并列复合句46. She told me he had meant to put $15 of petrol in his car but he had been looking at the wrong gauge (计量表) and had put in 15 litres, which came to just over $20.（40 Words）她告诉我他本意是加15美元的油，但看错了计量表，加了15升汽油，结果却是20多美元。这是一个并列复合句，主干结构为：She told me (that) (SVOO); (that)引导宾语从句做told的直接宾语，在这个宾语从句中，并列连词but连接了两个句子he had meant to 和he had been looking at and 15 litres, which came to just over $20 (which引导非限制性定语从句修饰15 litres)。47. I used to love that film when I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.48. Help others whenever you can and you will make the world a nicer place to live in.49. The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.50. The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.五 请分析下面这篇短文的句子结构（丰富句式）Mind Your Behavior in Public PlacesuLast Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. v The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.