英语人教版八年级下册U10 SectionA Grammar focus.doc

Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. Section A 3 (Grammar focus 4c)学习目标： 知识目标掌握现在完成时的用法 能力目标 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时 正确运用for 和since的用法 情感目标正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。 学习过程Step 1 Group work 出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。1. How long have you had that bike over there? Ive had it for three years. 2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? Hes owned it since his fourth birthday. 3. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Step 2 精讲点拨现在完成时现在完成时的持续型用法现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since, for等。1. since意为“自从以来”, 它既可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时, 后接表示过去的时间点, 表示某事开始的时间；作连词时, 引导时间状语从句, 从句常用一般过去时。如： We have been here since last Sunday / two years ago. Mr. Jones has worked here since he was twenty-five.2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。如： I have studied here for three years. She has been away for five days.注意：1.对since和for引导的时间状语提问时, 常用how long。如： Jane has learned to play the piano since two years ago. (对划线部分提问) How long has Jane learned to play the piano?2.在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。如： They have lived here for five years. =They have lived here since five years ago.3.在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。如： Mike has come to London for three weeks. () They havent seen each other for ages. ()短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词和与表示状态的短语之间的转化1.有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有： becomebe borrowkeep buyhave / own catch a coldhave a cold comestay put onwear go to sleepsleep move tolive in2.有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有： leavebe away begin / startbe on diebe dead finishbe over joinbe in / be a member of fall asleepbe asleep marrybe married come / arrive herebe hereStep 3 Work on 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.I have had a camera since 2009.4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.Linda has been ill since Monday.Step 4 Work on 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They _ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We _ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.Step 5 Group work4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow lon