人教新课标高中英语核心单词详解[G-H].doc

gain n. increase of possessions; profits obtained 获得；(s)收益 v. obtain; increase; be improved 获得，增加词组 gain experience 获得经验 gain （put on）weight 增加体重 （反义词：lose weight）gallery n. room for the display of works of art; long walk 走廊；画廊词组 art gallery 画廊game n. form of play with rules; athletic contests; animals hunted 游戏；运动；比赛；猎物词组 video game 电子游戏 ball games 球类运动 play the game 进行比赛 big game 大型猎物（如野猪，熊等） The Olympic Games are -gap n. break or opening in a wall, etc.; unfilled space 豁缝，缺口，隔阂词组 generation gap 代沟 communications gap 沟通鸿沟gather v. get together; collect; gain little by little 集合，收集，聚集词组 gather information 收集信息 gather wealth 聚集财富 gather crops 收割谷物gaze v. look long and steadily 注视，凝视辨析 gaze 指目不转睛地注视 see 指看见（强调结果） watch 指观看，观察 stare 指盯着看，从头至尾地打量 glare 指怒目而视，瞪眼 glance 指快速地一瞥 peep 指窥视general adj. not special; not particular; of all or nearly of all普遍的词组 in general一般地，概括地，通常地 the general manager总经理展开 generally adv. 通常，大体而言: Generally speaking, 一般而言，概括说来 Generally speaking, this plan is welcomed. 一般来说，这个计划很受欢迎。generation n. all persons born about the same time, of about the same age 一代人词组 for generations 经过好几代 the coming generation 未来的一代 the young generation 年轻的一代 generation gap 代沟 generation after generation 一代又一代，代代相传generous adj. ready to give freely; given freely; noble-minded 慷慨的，大方的词组 it is generous of sb. to do 某人做真是大方例句 It is generous of you to forgive her. 你原谅她真是宽宏大量。展开 generously adv. 慷慨地，坦荡地get v. receive; obtain; reach; complete; become 得到，到达，成为词组 get sb. to do 使某人做 get done 被 （类似于be done这种被动用法，但更强调突然的动作） have got 有 = have have got to do 不得不 = have to do get across 横过，穿过（马路等）（不用被动） get along with/without sth. 依靠设法度过；过活 get along with sb. 与某人相处 get along with sth. 进行（工作等） get away 离开，逃离 get down 写下，记下 get down to sth.（静下心来）认真处理工作 get off 下车 get on 上车 get over 克服，渡过 get together 聚会 get through 通过（考试，议案等）；读完，写完 get through to sb. （电话）联络到某人 get to 到达 get up 起床例句 He couldnt get the car to start. 他没法发动汽车。Dont get caught in the rain. 不要被雨淋着了。We wont get along without that money. 没有那些钱我们就没法过日子了。Im getting along well/badly with my new colleagues. 我和新同事相处得好/不好。How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何？They got down to work after the discussion. 他们讨论之后开始工作。He finally got over the difficulties. 他最终克服了困难。gift n. something which is given willingly; a present 礼物，天赋词组 a Christmas gift圣诞礼物 a birthday gift 生日礼物 natural gift 天资例句 He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天赋。 He was born with a gift for painting. 他与生俱来绘画的天赋。展开 gifted adj. 有天资的，有天赋的 a gifted musician 有天赋的音乐家give (gave, given) v. allow someone to have something; offer 给，赠送词组 give a cry of pain 发出痛苦的叫声 give a try 试一下 give sb. a call 打电话给某人 give away 送掉，憎与；泄露 give back 归还 give in (vi.) 屈服于，投降 give off 放出（烟，气味等）散发 give out 分发；放出（声音，光线，气味等）；用尽 give up (vt.) 放弃: give up teaching / smoking; 例句 He must have given away your secret. 他肯定泄露了你的秘密。 He has given in to my views. 他听从了我的意见。 These wild flowers give off a nice smell. 这些野花放出香味。 This material gives out light in the dark. 这种材料晚上会发光。 Our supply of food has given out.我们的食物供应都耗尽了 I wish I could give up smoking. 我希望能够戒烟。例句 given adj. 特定的 The work must be done at the given time. 这工作必须在规定时间前完成。 be given to 沉溺于的 He is given to drinking. 他爱喝酒。 given (that) 考虑到，假定是 Given his support, I think well win the election. 由于有他的支持，我想我们会赢得选举的。 Given that she likes children, teaching is the best job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书对她来说是最好的职业了。 given name 名（不包括姓）glad adj. pleased and happy about something; willing 高兴的，乐意的词组 be glad at 高兴 be glad that 对感到高兴 be glad to do 乐于 be willing to do be (only) too glad to do something = be too ready / willing to do something 很乐于做某事: too- to 表示肯定的概念例句 Im glad at his promotion. 我很高兴他得到了提升。 My father is glad that I have won the second prize in the contest. 我在比赛中获得了二等奖，父亲很高兴。 Im glad to meet you. 很高兴认识你。 Ill be glad to help you. 很愉快能帮你。glance n. vi. a quick short look 瞥，看一眼词组 cast/take a glance at 看一眼 glance at 瞥一眼go (went, gone) vi. move or travel; leave a place 去，走词组 go to school / church / bed 上学/上教堂/上床 go swimming/ shopping / outing / camping 去游泳/购物/郊游/露营 go for a walk / a drive /a swim /a ride 去散步/驾车/游泳/骑马（车） go on an expedition / a picnic / a journey 去探险/野餐/旅行 go across 横渡 go after 追赶，追求 go ahead 前进；请说/做 go along 向前进 go around 走来走去；（谣言、疾病等）流传 go away 走开 go away with 偷了逃跑 go back to 回来；追溯到 go by 走过；（时间）流逝 go down 下降；下沉 go in for 参加（考试等） go on with / doing 继续 go on to do 继续（另一件事） go out 外出；（灯、火）熄灭 go over 复习，仔细检查 go round 参观；足够分发；（疾病）流传 go through 通过（法案等）；经验（痛苦的事） go up 上升，上楼 go up to 走上前去 go with 相称，相配 go wrong 发生故障，出错goal n. aim; purpose; (ball games) the aim of the ball 目标；目的；球门，进球词组 achieve / reach ones goal 达到目标 set a goal 设定目标 kick / score a goal （足球）进球 keep goal守球门god n. who is worshipped; who is worshipped in a religion 神，(God)上帝词组 for Gods sake 看在上帝的份上 believe in God 信仰上帝 Thanks God! 谢天谢地！展开 goddess n. 女神gold n. valuable soft yellow metal used to make coins, jewellery, etc. 金，黄金词组 gold medal 金牌 pure gold 纯金 gold rush 淘金热展开 golden adj. 金色的，贵重的，绝好的 golden age 黄金时代，全盛期 Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥 the golden rule 金科玉律辨析 gold 是名词，可做定语，表示金质的； golden 是形容词定语，表示金色的，如黄金般珍贵的。 辨析下列用法： gold ring 金戒指（金制的） golden ring 金色的戒指 golden hair 金发 gold fish金鱼good adj. (better, best) having qualities that are satisfactory or favorable 好的 n. sth. that brings advantage or improvement 好处，美德，优点词组 be good at 擅长于 be good for 对有效的，有用处的 Good Heavens!/ Good gracious! 上帝啊！我的天啊！ do sb. good = do good to sb. 对有好处 It is no good my mentioning that problem now.我现在提起那个问题也是没用的。 for good (and all) 永远 good morning 早安 good day 午安 good afternoon 下午好 good evening 晚上好 good night 晚安 a good deal of 大量的（用于不可数名词） a good / great many 大量的（用于可数名词）例句 She is good at chess. 她擅长下棋。 The pills are good for your stomachache. 这药对你的胃痛有效。 Eating more fruits will do you good. 吃更多水果对你有好处。 It is no good / use doing 做没有好处 He left his hometown for good and all. 他永远地离开了故乡。展开 goodness n. 优良，仁慈，长处 Thank goodness! 谢天谢地！for goodness sake 看在老天爷的面上 Goodness gracious! = Goodness me! = My goodness! 天哪！哎呀！（吃惊，愤怒）graduate n. a person who has completed a university degree course （大学）毕业生 v. obtain a degree at a university; complete an educational course 毕业词组 graduate student 研究生 graduate school （大学的）研究所，研究生院例句 They graduated from high school last year. 去年他们从高中毕业了。 He graduated in law from Yale. 他毕业于耶鲁大学法律系。展开 graduation n. 毕业: the graduation ceremony; after graduation; grasp n. hold, grip 抓住词组 in ones grasp = in the grasp of somebody 在。控制中 within ones grasp 在握 grasp / master a language; 例句 He is in the grasp of a wicked person. 他在一个坏人的控制中。 I kept her hand in my grasp. 我抓着她的手。 Success is within my grasp. 成功在望。grateful adj. feeling or showing appreciation for something good done to one, for something fortunate that happens, etc; 感激的词组 be grateful to somebody for something 因某事而感激某人展开 gratitude n. 感激Her heart was full of / filled with gratitude. 他的心中充满感激。to express / show gratitude for something 表达对。的感激great adj. well above average in size, extent or quantity伟大的，巨大的崇高的，（口）美妙的词组 a great deal 修饰不可数名词; (作状语) 常常，得多 a great many 好些(修饰可数名词)例句 We spent a great deal of time watching TV. 我们花很多时间看电视。He is a great deal better now. 他（身体） 好多了。He has a great many good points. 他有许多好点子。greet vt. give a conventional sign or word of welcome or pleasure when meeting somebody or receiving a guest 问候,招呼词组 greet somebody with something 用。问候某人例句 He greeted us with a smile. 他用微笑向我们问候。grief u deep or violent sorrow 忧伤,悲痛,不幸 c 伤心事，(复数griefs)词组 grief over / at something 对。 悲伤 to somebodys grief 令人感到忧伤的是例句 His wild behavior was a grief to his family. 他的疯狂的行为使家人伤心。展开 grieve vi / vt. 忧伤,悲痛,grow vt. (grow-grew-grown) increase in size or quantity；become larger 种植,栽vi. 生长,成长,发育 link-v 变得词组 grow from something into something 从。长成。grow into something（不用被动语态）逐渐成为，变得；长得大可以适合于(衣服)例句 It grows colder as winter is drawing nearer and nearer. 由于冬天越来越近，天变得更冷了。It seems that he never grows old. 好象他永远不会老。It is obvious that he has grown used to the life here. 显然，他已习惯这里的生活。She is growing into a pretty girl. 她已长成一个漂亮女孩。The shoes are too big for him now, but he will grow into it soon. 这鞋子现在他穿他大了，但不久他就会长高，穿得上了。She is a good actress but still needs time to grow into the part she will play. 她是个好演员，但仍需习惯她演的新角色。展开 grow up vi生长，成长；发生,发展I grew up in a big town.我在大城市长大 A disagreement has grown up between us.我们之间产生分歧grown-up n. adult成年人词组five grown-upsguarantee n, vt. promise (usu. in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled 保证,担保 v: (usu. passive) 通常用语被动语态词组 guarantee to do something 保证做 guarantee something to somebody 向某人担保guarantee that 保证guidance n. guiding or being guided, leadership, direction指导,引导,咨询词组 be under the guidance of / be under somebodys guidance 在的指导下guide n. person who shows others the way; something that helps one form an opinion, make a calculation, etc指南,向导词组 a guide to something .的指南 guide somebody to do something 指导某人做guilty adj. having done wrong; being to blame for something 有罪的,内疚的词组 somebody be guilty of something 犯(某种罪或过失)somebody be found guilty/ find somebody guilty 有罪be guilty about / at something 对内疚的habit n. thing that a person does often almost without thinking, esp. something that is hard to stop doing习惯词组 have the habit of doing something / be in the habit of doing something 有做某事得习惯break somebody of a habit (of doing) 使某人改掉某习惯do something from /out of / by habit 处于习惯get into / fall into / develop / form the habit of 养成的习惯make a habit of dong /make it a habit to do something 总是做某事hair n. mass of the fine thread-like strands that grow from human head头发,毛发头发(总称,不可数)表示几根头发可数 one of the fine thread-like strands that grow from human heada few grey hairs 几根白发例句 He has black hair. 他长着一头黑发.half adv. either of two equal or corresponding parts into which a thing is divided一半地 n. 一半词组 cut it into halves (two) / in halves 对半切 cut something in half a month and a half /one and a half months 一个半月 by halves 不彻底注意: Half (of them) are gone. 当主语为复数意义时,谓语动词取复数.Half (of it) is unfit to eat. 当主语为单数意义时,谓语动词取单数. hand n. end part of the human arm below the wrist 手vt. give or transfer something with ones hand or hands递给词组 (n.) be short of hands 缺人手 a good hand at something 善于the hour hand 时针 at the left hand 在左边(at) first hand 亲自 (at) second hand 间接地at hand 在手边,在眼前; 不远了 by hand 手工做的hand in hand 紧密合作,手牵手 hands off something 勿碰on the one hand一方面 on the other hand另一方面(v) hand down: 传下来 hand in: 上交hand out 散发 hand over 移交hand something to somebody 把递给某人handle vt. touch something with or hold something in the hands; to deal with, manage or control (something, situation, people)用手拿起,处理词组 handle an aeroplane / the machine / business / the traffic / the job / the household / the situationhandle him 对待, 处理hang v (hang-hung-hung) support something from above, esp. that the lower end is free悬挂 vt. (hang-hanged-hanged) kill somebody by hanging from a rope around the neck, esp. as capital punishment吊死,绞死 hang from; be hung with 悬挂着 （表始状态） The room is hung with many flags. 例句 注意：hang作“悬挂”解时vt. /vi. 皆可。My new T-shirt is hanging in the living room. 我的新T恤衫挂在起居室里.Hang your wet raincoat in the hall please. 把你的湿雨衣挂到厅里.happen vi occur (by chance or otherwise) (偶然)发生;(后接不定式)碰巧词组 somebody happen to do / to be doing / to have done something 某人碰巧做了某事 something happen to somebody (某人)发生(某情况)例句 It so happened that I met you yesterday in the street.昨天我碰巧在街上遇见你.辨析 happen多指偶然发生; take place多指按计划发生;break out突然爆发(战争,灾难,瘟疫等); occur(事情发生到某个人); 都是vihard adj. requiring much effort of body or mind; tough困苦的,艰难的 (harder-hardest)adv with great effort, energy or concentration; strenuously 困苦地,艰难地词组 hard-hearted 硬心肠的 a hard book 一本很难读懂的书a hard teacher严厉的老师 be hard on: 对很严厉辨析 hard hardlyhard 既是形容又可以作副词,“困苦地,艰难地,猛烈地”为hard的副词;work hard 努力学习 /工作 rain hard 大雨漂泊hardly “几乎不”,副词; hardly work 几乎不工作; Hardly anyone can pass the exams. hardly adv. (used to suggest that something is impossible, unlikely or unreasonable) 几乎不例句 I can hardly speak. 简直不能讲话 (与can连用=almost not )Hardly any girl recognized it. (修饰主语,句子不倒装) 几乎没一个姑娘认出来. (与any连用 = almost no)I hardly ever go to his home.我几乎不去他家. ( 与ever连用=almost never )He had hardly arrived home when it began to rain. 他刚到家就下起了雨. =Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain. (修饰动词,句子要部分倒装)hardworking adj. working with care and energy努力工作的,勤勉的辨析 hardworking 形容词 work hard 努力学习/工作,动词词组 hard work 艰辛的工作, 不可数名词harm vt. cause harm to something or somebody 伤害辨析 damage hurt destroy ruin injure wound harm v. 对有害处Smoking harms your health,吸烟有害你的健康 The smoke harms your eyes 烟对眼睛有害 His decision will harm the peace cause. 他的决定会影响和平事业 n. do harm to somebody 对有伤害 hurt 伤害的感情 His sharp words hurt me. 他凌厉的话伤了我.疼(vi) My head hurts. 我头疼 使受伤 He hurt himself in the accident. 在事故中他受伤了. damage 损害,是局部的,可维修后再使用.Hundreds of houses were damaged in the storm. 数百间房子在风暴中被刮倒了. destroy 毁坏,不可再利用,彻底坏了 ruin 往往指的是对抽象事物的毁坏. The failure ruined my future. 失败毁了我的前途. injure 与hurt 相近, 感情/身体上的伤害. wound 被刀枪刺戳所受的伤 get wounded; the wounded areThousands soldiers were wounded in the battle. 成千士兵在战斗中受伤.展开 harmful adj. 有害的 something be harmful to somebody 对有伤害hate vt. feel hatred towards something / somebody 憎恨;对感到遗憾;不喜欢词组 hate something 讨厌 hate to do something 不愿意做 hate doing something 不愿意做 / 讨厌 hate somebody to do something 讨厌某人做某事展开 hatred n 怨恨，仇恨head n. part of the body containing the eyes, nose, mouth and brain 头，头部 vt 率领(代表团等); 使(车,船等)朝某处行进词组 hit somebody in the head 击中头部 use ones head 动脑筋 on ones head 倒立 head for 前往某处 head out 出发 head up 领头例句 At that time, Mary headed the Red Cross. 那时, 玛莉领导红十字会. We are heading north. 我们正朝北行进.headache n. continuous pain in the head 头痛词组 have a headacheheadquarters n. place from which an organization is controlled 总部,指挥部展开 注意: headquarters 单数与复数同形,都是以复数形式出现,即: one headquarters, two headquarters 此外,还有下列这些词具有相同的性质: means, crossroads, series, species等.health n. condition of a persons body or mind (u) 健康词组 be in good / bad health 身体健康 health insurance /care 健康保险/保健 health food 保健食品 health service 公共医疗卫生服务hear v. ( heard-heard) receive sounds with the ears 听见词组 hear somebody do something(动词不定式省略to) 听见某人做某事 be heard to do something(被动态时不可省略to) 被听见做某事 hear somebody doing something 听见某人正做某事 be heard doing 被听见正做某事hear something / somebody done 听见某事被做hear about 听说 hear from somebody 收到的来信hear of 听说起辨析: 1. hear somebody do something通常表示一个常重复进行的动作;已完成的动作,或者强调动作完成的全过程. I often hear you sing a song in your room. 我经常听见你在房间唱歌. I heard the poor man tell his story. 我听那个可怜的人讲述他的故事. 而hear somebody doing something 强调”正在”进行 At that moment, I heard the poor man telling his story.那时,我听见那个可怜的人正讲述他的故事. 2. hear listen to hear 表示的是只要听力正常的人都具有的能力, 所以是”听见” listen to 则需要听众用心地去听heart n. hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body 心,心脏词组 at heart 衷心 break ones heart 使伤心 from the bottom of ones heart 发自内心地 heart and soul 全心全意地 in ones heart 在内心深处 learn .by heart 熟记 lose heart 灰心 lose ones heart to somebody 爱上某人 take heart 受到鼓励 take som