英语应用能力应试语法小结

英语应用能力应试语法小结 一 主谓一致 1 the United States the United Nations 作主语 谓单 2 glasses clothes trousers scissors chopsticks shoes 单独作主语 谓复 有 a kind of a pair of a series of 等量词修饰时 谓单 3 以 cs 结尾的学科名 谓单 eg Physics mathematics mechanics politics economics 4 or nor either or neither nor 就近原则 not only but also There be 句型 5 表示 时间 金钱 距离 重量 体积 的词作主语 谓单 6 主语是由 each every no 修饰 即使用 and 或 连接 谓单 E g Every boy and girl in our class studies very hard 7 many a 名词 more than one 谓单 8 名词性从句 动名词 动词不定式作主语 谓单 as well as 9 主语 together with 谓随主变 in addition to 考点 通常考试中 主为单三 故谓 单 along with 10 a number of 大量的 谓复 the number of 的数字 谓单 11 one of 复数 定句从句 定从修饰复数名词 故定从中谓复 the only just one of 复名 定从 定从修饰 one 故定从中谓单 12 the 形容词 表示一类人 谓复 13 几分之几 二 虚拟语气 1 if 句中 虚拟对象if 从句主句 对现在一般过去时 be were would could 动原 should 对过去过去完成时would could have done should 对将来were to do should do would could 动原 should 交叉虚拟 即时间状语混和 E g If you had taken my advice yesterday now you would be better if 可省略 引起部分倒装 即操作词提前 2 vt 表示 建议 提议 命令 需要 欲望 请求 advise suggest propose demand order insist ask request require desire insist on 构成 should 动词原形 考点 宾语从句中主语常为单三 故注意 E g I suggest that he be be here on time 3 n 由上述动词的名词所引起的名词性从句中 使用虚拟语气 注意 名词性从句 指主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 构成 should 动词原形 4 adj important necessary essential impossible strange natural urgent desirable vital pity 用在 It s adj that clause 中 构成 should 动词原形 5 Prep 介词 without but for 要不是 后面接名或代词 相当于隐含的 if 引 导的条件从句 E g But for your help we couldn t have succeeded in the experiment last week If it had not been for your help we couldn t have succeeded in but or otherwise 否则的话 连接两个并列句 一分句使用虚拟语气 另 一分句使用陈述语气 E g We didn t know what was about to happen or we would have acted differently 6 wish 宾从 表示过去 宾从中用 had done 表示现在或当时情况 宾从用一般过去时 表示将来不可能实现的事情 would could 动词原形 7 would rather 对现在虚拟 宾从中用一般过去时 对过去虚拟 宾从中用过去完成时 8 It s high time that 从句中用一般过去时 9 as if as though if only 要 就好了 对现在虚拟 状从中用一般过去时 对过去虚拟 状从中用过去完成时 10 Lest 以防 for fear that 唯恐 in case 以防 后用 should 动词原形 E g He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain 三 非谓语动词 必须接动名词作宾语的及物动词 admit advise avoid consider deny enjoy escape excuse imagine 1 动名词 miss postpone practice risk suggest understand appreciate resist can t help 即可接动名词 又可接动词不定式 stop remember forget regret try mean go on to 是 prep 的短语 look forward to object to 用在 no use no good fun useless worthwhile 后 作主 宾 补语时 常用 it 来作形式主语 E g I found it difficult to handle this matter 注意 It s good for you to study English 2 动词不定式 It s kind of you to help me 完成时态 to have done 先于谓语动词发生 否定式 not to do 不带 to 的情况 在 had better would rather rather than do nothing than do nothing but 等结构后不用 to 五官类动词后 不定式作宾补时 3 分词 时态语态 ing动作正在进行主动 ed动作已经结束被动 E g His book is better than those written write so far on this subject 注意 当分词作状语时 1 Doing 主动 分句动作与主句动作同时发生或没有明显先后 2 Done 被动 同时发生 3 Having done 主动 分句动作先与主句动作发生 4 Having been done 被动 分句动作先与主句动作发生 四 倒装 There be 句型 now there here 开头 且主语是名词 不是代词时 1 全部倒装 表示地点的介词性副词开头 且主语必是句词非代词 表示地点状语的介词短语开头 否定词 含有否定意味的词置于句首 no sooner than hardly scarcely when not only but also not until 2 部分倒装 So 也 neither 也不 置于句首 so that 结构中 so adj adv 置于句首 虚拟语气中的 if 省略 引起部分倒装 only 句首 且 only 副词 介词短语 状语从句 as 倒装 五 省略 1 省主语 e g Don t be late 2 省宾语 e g Yes I know 3 省表语 e g Yes I am 4 not 后成分省 e g No I m not 5 动词不定式 to 后成分可省 e g I d like to 6 比较级 than 后成分可省 e g I m taller than you are tall 7 在时间 条件 地点 方式 让步等状语从句中 如果从句中的谓语 含有 be 动词 且主句主语一致 或从句主语是 it 则可省略从句中的 主语及谓语的一部分 e g She was knocked down by a car while she was crossing road If it is possible please be present here on time 六 情态动词 have done 针对过去的状况 could not have done 对过去的否定推测 could have done 本来能够 有能力做某事 而实际上没做 need have done 有必要做的事 没有做 Needn t have done 做了不必要做的事情 must have done 对过去的肯定推测 may might have done 也许发生了 may 比 might 的可能性要大 七 强调句型 判断 It s that 是否为强调句型的唯一标准是去掉这三个单词 如果剩 下的成分可构成一完整的句子 则是强调句型 e g It was in the room that I stayed 八 使役动词与感官动词 使役动词 1 let sb do sth 2 make make sb do sth sb be made to do sth have sb do sth 3 have have sb sth doing sth have sth done 4 get get sb to do get sth done 感官动词 See watch hear feel sb sth do doing done 九 某种情况下使用完成时 1 since 作连词 主句常用现在完成时 2 It is will be the first second time that 后常用现在完成时 It was be the first second time that 则用 had done 3 by 现在时间 主句常用 have has done by 将来时