八年级下现在完成时全面知识点

一 现在完成时概念及用法 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常和 just 刚刚 already 已经 yet 已经 never 从不 ever 曾经 before 以前 so far 到目前为止 等时间状语连用 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 还有可能继续下去 常和 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用 此时的动词必须是延续性动词 构成 have has 助动词 V 过去分词 肯定句 主语 have has V 过去分词 其他 否定句 主语 have has not V 过去分词 其他 一般疑问句 have has 主语 V 过去分词 其他 肯定回答 Yes 主语 have has 否定回答 No 主语 haven t hasn t 3 常用标志词语 already never ever just before so far yet since 过去的时间点 for 一段时间等 already 常用于肯定句 yet 用于否定句和疑问句 二 常用句型结构辨析 一 have has been to have has gone to have has been in 辨析 have has been to 地名 曾经去过某地 现在已经回到原地 He has been to England twice 他曾经去过英国两次 现在已经不在英国了 Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你到过长城吗 现在已经不在长城上 have gone to 地名 已经去某地了 说话时该人不在现场 He has gone to England 他已去英国了 已经不在说话的地方 到达英国或者在去英国的路上 have been in 地点 待在某地 常与时间段搭配 I have been in Shanghai for three years 二 since 与 for 区别 1 for 其后只能接表示 一段时间 的名词性短语 可用于多种时态 表示动作或状 态持续的时间长短 since 其后接表示 时间点时间点 的短语或从句 一般过去时 的短语或从句 一般过去时 也可以接 一段时间一段时间 ago 常用于完成时态完成时态 还用于句型 It s 时间段时间段 since 一般过去时态的句子一般过去时态的句子 表示过去某个时 间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态 I ve lived in this city for five years He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day We ve studied here since 2009 She has worked here for five years It s two years since I came to China 练习 用 since 和 for 填空 1 Jim has been in Ireland last Monday 2 Jill has been in Ireland three days 3 His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days 4 Mike has been ill a long time He has been in hospital 0ctober 2 for 与 since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago 练习 I have studied English for five years I have studied English 三 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词表示经过 经历 非延续性动词表示行为的结果 不能与表示一段时间的状语 连用 I ve known him since then 表经历 He has finished the work 表结果 1 延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法 非延续性动词与短暂性时间 点 连用非延续性动词与短暂性时间 点 连用 非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词 瞬间动词 表示不能延续的动作 这种动作发 生后立即结束 如 open die close begin finish come go move borrow lend buy 等 非 延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用 如 two years ago He joined the Army three years ago 非延续性动词可用于非延续性动词可用于 It is has been 时间段时间段 since 句型句型 It is has been three years since I bought the book 从我买这本书到现在 3 年了 I began to study English three years ago It is since I study Enlish I moved to Changchun 5 years ago Lily finshed her homework 2 hours ago 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如 learn work stand know walk keep wait watch read sleep live stay 等 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语 for 段时间段时间 since 时时 间点间点 since 引导的从句 过去时 引导的从句 过去时 since 段时间段时间 ago 等连用 等连用 2 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词 用于现在完成时态 时间状语为 for 段时间段时间 since 时间点时间点 since 引导的从句 过去时 引导的从句 过去时 since 段时间段时间 ago The old man died 4years ago The old man has been dead for 4 years I borrowed the book 5 days ago I have kept the book since 5days ago borrow keep buy have catch a cold have a cold put on wear get to know know get to sleep sleep 非延续性动词转化为非延续性动词转化为 be adj adv prep n begin start be on go out be out get to arrive in reach be in die be dead open be open leave be away finish be over fall ill be ill get up be up fall asleep be asleep join be a member of go to school be in school become be make friends be friends come go be 相应的介词短语 练习 同义句转换 1 I bought the dictionary last year I have the dictionary one year 2 The film began 5 minutes ago The film for 5 minutes 3 His grandfather died 5 years ago His grandfather for 5 years 4 His uncle left the city 2 hours ago His uncle the city 2 hours 三 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 现在完成时表示过去发生的某