八年级英语下册 Unit 4 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes教案8 鲁教版

用心 爱心 专心 1 UnitUnit 4 4 TeenagersTeenagers shouldshould bebe allowedallowed tochoosetochoose theirtheir ownown clothesclothes 教学目标 Language Goal 1 能够谈论允许和不允许做的事情 2 能够谈论应该被允许和不被允许做的事情 3 能够针对被允许和不被允许做的事情发表自己的观点 同意或者不同意 4 能够表达同意或者不同意的理由 目标语言 Target Language 1 I think sixteen year olds should be allowed to drive 我认为应该允许 16 岁的孩子开车 2 I disagree I think sixteen is too young 我不同意 我认为 16 岁这个年纪太年轻了 3 Do you think thirteen year olds should be allowed to have part time jobs 你认为应该允许 13 岁的孩子们做兼职工作吗 4 No I don t 不 我认为不应该 5 Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes 安娜可以选择自己的衣服 6 They are not serious enough at that age 那个年龄的他们不够稳重 7 What rules do you have at home 你家有什么规定吗 Well I m not allowed to go out on school nights 噢 我在周一至周五不能外出 词汇和短语 Vocabulary and expressions allow 允许 drive 架车 pierce pis 刺穿 license 执照 driver 司机 silly 愚蠢的 傻的 earring 耳环 concentrate 集中 volunteer 自愿 志愿者 Local 地方的 perform 表演 primary 初级的 go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去 part time jobs 兼职工作 driver s license 驾驶执照 get their ears pierced 穿耳孔 choose one s own clothes 选自己的衣服 sixteen year olds 十六岁的孩子 seem to 好像 at that age 在那个年龄 so do we 我们也一样 get to class late 上课迟到 fail a test 考试不及格 be strict with 对 要求严格 the other day 前几天 get to doing sth 着手做某事 look smart 看起来整洁 concentrate on 关注 be a good way to do 是 的好方法 用心 爱心 专心 2 It s a good idea for sb to do 是 的好主意 get noisy 变得嘈杂 at present 目前 have an opportunity to do sth 有做 的机会 be a good experience for sb 对 来说是很有意义的经历 take time to do things 花费时间做事情 old people s home 敬老院 be sleepy 睏 after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后 have Friday afternoons off 周五放假 语法内容 一 被动语态 1 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语中有 两态 的说法 即主动语态和 被动语态 本单 元中反复出现的 should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词 should 的被动语态 先看几个基本概念 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态 只有及物动词才有被动语态 2 被动语态的构成 1 请大家看图 The office is cleaned every day The office was cleaned yesterday Compare active and passive 动作的接受者 the office 成了句子的主语 就应该用被动语态 从上面的例句我们可 以总结 一般现在时的被动语态为 主 am is are not 过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态为 主 was were 过去分词 如 Butter is made from milk This house was built 100 years ago 以前我们学过的 was were born 生于 就是一个被动语态 born 是个过去分词 bear When were you born I was born in 1989 如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者 句子后面需接 by 译为 被 由 如 We were woken up by a loud noise 我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒 2 请看图 从上面例子 我们可以看出 现在进行时被动语态的构成为 用心 爱心 专心 3 主语 is am are being 过去分词 再如 My car is being repaired now Some new houses are being built near the park 公园附近在建一些房子 3 请看图 BEFORE NOW 从上面例子 我们可以看出现在完成时被动语态的构成为 主语 have has been 过去分词 如 My key has been stolen My keys have been stolen I am not going to the party I haven t been invited 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 过去分词 A note had better be left to him Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes 这里我们列举了几个主要时态 那么其它时态呢 一般将来时 主语 will be 过去分词 过去将来时 主语 would should be 过去分词 过去进行时 主语 was were being 过去分词 过去完成时 主语 had been 过去分词 被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的 be 是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be 动词 后面的过去分词不 变 归纳 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句 主语 be not 过去分词 by 一般疑问句 Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 3 被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 不用 by 动作执行者短语 Such books are written for children 这些书是为儿童写的 I haven t been told about it 没有人告诉我这件事 2 强调动作的承受者 这时应用 by 短语 The cup was broken by David 3 作客观说明时 常采用一种被动语态句型 It s was said believed reported that 用心 爱心 专心 4 It s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake 据报道 这次地震中大约有三百人死亡 4 主动语态变为被动语态 把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是 1 把原句中的宾语变为主语 2 动词改为被动形式 即 be 过去分词 3 原来的主语 如果需要的话 放在 by 后面 如果没必要 可省略 注意事项 主动语态变成被动语态应注意事项 从主动语态到被动语态的过程中主语 谓语动词 宾语都发生变化 注意主格与宾格的变化形式 注意主语的人称及数的变化对 be 动词带来的影响 注意 be 动词的时态形式取决于原主动语态的动词时态形式 5 被动语态的几种类型 1 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态 直接宾语 间接宾语 常见的接双宾语的动词有 通常这种句子可以改为以 人 当主语 和以 物 当作主语的两种被动语态 如 He gave me a book I was given a book by him 以 I 做主语 A book was given to me by Tom 以物 book 作主语 He teaches us English We are taught English by him 以人当主语 English is taught us by him 以物作主语 2 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 keep make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足语 在被动语态中 宾语补足语位置不变 We keep food fresh in the fridge 主 谓 宾 宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge I saw him go into the office building He was seen to go into the office building 英语中有 十大动词 的说法 即 feel hear listen have make let look watch see notice 这些词在主动句中 其后的动词不定式不加 to 但变被动句时必须加 to 3 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语 因此没有被动语态 但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一 些词类构成短语动 词之后 其作用相当于及物动词 可以接宾语 因而也可以变为被动语态 在变成被动语 态时 不能去掉构 成短语动词的介词或副词 They take good care of my child My child is taken good care of 用心 爱心 专心 5 他们把我的孩子照顾得很好 I turned off the radio The radio was turned off by me 附 动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look after be looked after 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式 不需再加 by be covered with 用 覆盖着 be interested in 对 感兴趣 be surprised at 对 感到惊奇 be made of from 用 制造的 4 由情态动词形成的被动语态 含有情态动词的句子在变为被动语态时 在情态动词后面加上 be 动词即可 其句型如 下 肯定句 主语 情态动词 can may must be 过去分词 否定句 主语 情态动词 not be 过去分词 疑问句 情态动词 Can May Must 主语 be 过去分词 如 We should allow teenagers to surf the Internet Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet Can you use it 你会使用它吗 Can it be used 6 不能用于被动语态的几种情况 1 当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时 不能改为被动语态 他在镜中看见了自己的模样 We often help each other 我们常常互相帮助 2 当谓语是表状态的及物动词时 如 have like take place belong to 如 I like these flowers 我喜欢这些花 I will have a meeting 不说 A meeting will be had 应说 A meeting will be held 二 重点 难点 1 the other day 我们还可以说 the other day morning week month 不久前的一天 一个上午 一个星期 一个月等 I saw him in London the other day 我最近有一天在伦敦见过他 2 get to 着手做某事 用心 爱心 专心 6 and I got to talking about the rules He got to doing the homework after supper 3 concentrate on sth 专注于某事 做某件事而不做其他事 He decided to concentrate on English because he just failed the exam 他决心专攻英语因为他刚刚考试不及格 This company concentrate on the Chinese market 这家公司把重点集中在中国市场 4 be good for 对 有好处 有益于 that is good for studying This kind of food is good for me 这种食物对我身体有益 Sunshine is good for plants 阳光对植物有益 5 It s a good idea for sb to do sth 做 对 来说是个好主意 It s also probably a good idea for parents to allow It s a good idea for us to travel to the south 6 get noisy 变得嘈杂 I know we got noisy sometimes noise noisy 7 learn from 向 学习 从 中学习 but we learn a lot from each other We should learn from our mistakes 我们应从错误中学习 8 at present At present they re too short at present 此刻 现在 at this time now I can t help you at present I m too busy 我现在帮不了你 实在太忙了 9 have an opportunity to do sth 有做 的机会 have no opportunity to do 没机会做 I hope to have an opportunity to go to the States I have no opportunity to have a talk with her I 注意 文中在谈论将来时 用了一些动词过去式和 would 动原的形式 这是虚拟语气 表示对将来的一种假设 本单元其他句型结构 1 sixteen year olds 十六岁的青少年 它相当于一个名词 相当于 sixteen year old kids 一个 16 岁青少年的表达方式 a kid sixteen years old a kid of sixteen 用心 爱心 专心 7 a kid of sixteen years old a sixteen year old kid 2 stop doing He should stop wearing that silly earrings Section A 2a 停止做某事 We two stopped talking 我们俩个停止了谈话 3 主 seem to do sth 好像 His temperature seems to be all right 他的体温好像完全正常 seem 其他用法 1 seem 形容词 The question seems quite easy 那个问题好像很容易 2 seem 名词 That seems a good idea 那好像是个好主意 3 It seems that 从句 It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter 看来没有人知道这件事 4 So do we Section A 3a So do we 为倒装句 其结构是 So be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语 在时态上应 和上一句保持一 致 应翻译为 我们也是这样 用英文解释是 We have a lot of rules at my house too