unit three (2)

UnitUnit threethree passagepassage oneone tabletable cultureculture ForksForks 第一部分 第一部分 词汇词汇 名词名词 1 chunk大块 n 厚厚的一块 某物 相当大的数 量或部分 强壮 结实的马 First the Western diet is extremely meat heavy which implies that while it is certainly acceptable to eat a chunk of beef with the fingers the grease factor is considerably high here than it is in picking up boiled rice and the dinners are at a greater risk of getting burned They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice 他们必须当心大块浮冰 a chunk of meat 一大块肉 Cut the melon into chunks 把瓜切块 The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport 该公司拥有盖特威克机场周边的大片农田 2 grease油脂 n 动物油脂 油膏 润滑油 俚 贿赂 vt 涂油脂于 用油脂润滑 贿赂 First the Western diet is extremely meat heavy which implies that while it is certainly acceptable to eat a chunk of beef with the fingers the grease factor is considerably high here than it is in picking up boiled rice and the dinners are at a greater risk of getting burned grease stained hands 沾满油渍的手 I greased front and rear hubs and adjusted the brakes 我在前后轮毂上都抹了润滑油 还调校了刹车 His hair is thick with grease 他的头发油乎乎的 He could smell the bacon grease 他闻到一股腌肉的油脂味儿 Place the frozen rolls on a greased baking tray 将冷冻的肉卷放到抹了油的烤盘上 3 hazard危险 风险 vt 冒险 使遭受危险 n 危险 冒险的事 机会 双骰子游戏 Here forks are widely adopted to avoid these potential hazards and also help the greedy diners to get the largest bite by piercing the meat with their sharp forks which has proved to be more efficient than the chopsticks A new report suggests that chewing gum may be a health hazard 一份新报告指出 口香糖可能对健康有害 he would have hazarded his grandson 他还会让自己的孙子去冒这个险 4 bite咬下的一块 vt vi 咬 叮 n 咬 咬伤 疼痛 受骗 vi 刺痛 咬饵 有咬 或叮 的习性 人 上当 vt 辣椒 胡椒等 刺激 齿轮 螺丝 钳子 锚等 咬住 利器等 刺进 寒风等 刺骨 Here forks are widely adopted to avoid these potential hazards and also help the greedy diners to get the largest bite by piercing the meat with their sharp forks which has proved to be more efficient than the chopsticks He took another bite of apple 他又咬了一口苹果 It was time to go home for a little rest and a bite to eat 该回家休息一会儿 吃一点儿东西了 Any dog bite no matter how small needs immediate medical attention 被狗咬后 不管伤口多小 都必须立即就医 5 mobility迁移率 移动性 机动性 In fact individual place settings and individual dining forks first appeared in the fifteenth century when greater social mobility and interclass contact were making the common pot dining unattractive Prior to the nineteenth century there were almost no channels of social mobility 19世纪以前几乎不存在社会流动的渠道 6 spinoff副产品 Nowadays the forks and tis spinoffs have become part of American table culture 7 etiquette礼节 礼仪 规矩 Proper use of these different forks at proper time is part of social etiquette the rules of diplomatic etiquette 外交礼节的规则 8 rebel反抗 反叛 早反 Americans the master of the New World are rebels 9 breed种类 类型 vt 产 后代 生 产生 导致 优生交配 养育 训练 vi 产仔 繁殖 旺盛生长 n 属 种类 类型 血统 Americans are a restless breed rare breeds of cattle 稀有品种的牛 Certain breeds are more dangerous than others 某些品种比其他品种更危险 He lived alone breeding horses and dogs 他独自一人生活 饲养马匹和狗 Frogs will usually breed in any convenient pond 通常青蛙会在任何条件适宜的池塘中繁殖 If they are unemployed it s bound to breed resentment 如果他们失去工作 一定会产生怨恨 10 ground说 做或相信某事的理由 n 地面 土地 基础 范围 阵地 战场 vi 搁浅 停飞 着陆 vt 把 放在地上 在 的基础树立上 交给 基本知识 使 受初步训练 Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition Forty or fifty women were sitting cross legged on the ground 四五十个女人盘腿坐在地上 a stretch of waste ground 一块荒地 The best fishing grounds are around the islands 最好的渔场在这些岛屿周围 11 intruder干扰者 闯入者 侵入者 干扰者 妨碍 者 爱管闲事的人 航 轰炸机 In Old World dining the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders He set about the intruderwith a stick 他用木棍打闯入者 12 alertness警觉 警觉性 However such alertness is out of place in the New World The drug improved mental alertness 该药有助于提神 The bank is alert to the danger 银行充分意识到了危险 13 bladen 刀片 剑 壳 草等的 叶片 桨叶 浮华少年 Americans juggle their silverware perhaps to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades Many of these tools have sharp blades so be careful 这些工具中很多都有锋利的刀片 务必小心 动词动词 14 pierce刺入 Here forks are widely adopted to avoid these potential hazards and also help the greedy diners to get the largest bite by piercing the meat with their sharp forks which has proved to be more efficient than the chopsticks Pierce the skin of the potato with a fork 用叉子扎破土豆皮 I m having my ears pierced on Saturday 我周六要去扎耳洞 A spotlight pierced the darkness 聚光灯穿透了黑暗 Then he spoke in a voice that pierced the thick air 随后他开始讲话 洪亮的声音划破了窒闷的空气 German armoured divisions pierced the Russian lines 德国装甲师突破了俄国的防线 15 heighten提高 加强 The individual fork may enjoy its popularity at American tables because it heightens the social distance between the diners 16 juggle玩杂耍 vt 用 玩杂耍 边抛边接 歪曲 篡改 欺骗 失去平衡 vi 玩杂耍 耍花招 欺骗 n 玩杂耍 花招 骗局 Americans juggle their silverware perhaps to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades Mike juggled the demands of a family of 11 with a career as a TV reporter 身为电视记者的迈克同时尽力照料着一个11口之家 形容词形容词 17 primitive原始的 远古的 Since the vast majority of the world s population continue to do without forks and prefer chopsticks or the fingers the primitive and everlasting dinner set 18 everlasting永恒的 永久的 the primitive and everlasting dinner set 19 potential潜在的 Here forks are widely adopted to avoid these potential hazards and also help the greedy diners to get the largest bite by piercing the meat with their sharp forks which has proved to be more efficient than the chopsticks 20 communal群体的 团体的 社区的 Here the wide use of individual forks may in a sense explain the less communal characteristics of Americans and their value of privacy 21 zigzag锯齿形的 曲折的 之字形的 In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag method 22 ridiculous可笑的 荒谬的 It seems to be ridiculous for the Europeans to see Americans busy switching their dinner sets making a lot of noise 副词副词 23 constantly不断地 时常地 So they constantly change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat 短语动词短语动词 24 Stick to 坚持 It is quite reasonable to ask why the Westerners including Americans stick to forks 25 Be adopted to 被采用 Here forks are widely adopted to avoid these potential hazards and also help the greedy diners to get the largest bite by piercing the meat with their sharp forks which has proved to be more efficient than the chopsticks 26 Rest on靠 停留在 信赖 Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition 27 Serve as 作为 The knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders 28 Thumb one s nose at小看 嗤之以鼻 They adopt the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England 名词短语名词短语 29 Dinner set成套的餐具 the primitive and everlasting dinner set 30 Boiled rice煮熟的米饭 The grease factor is considerably high here than it is in picking up boiled rice and the dinners are at a greater risk of getting burned 31 Common pot dining共餐 In fact individual place settings and individual dining forks first appeared in the fifteenth century when greater social mobility and interclass contact were making the common pot dining unattractive 32 Interclass contact跨阶层的交际 In fact individual place settings and individual dining forks first appeared in the fifteenth century when greater social mobility and interclass contact were making the common pot dining unattractive 介词短语介词短语 33 As follows如下 A few explanations for this American style are as follows 34 At a risk冒 危险 The grease factor is considerably high here than it is in picking up boiled rice and the dinners are at a greater risk of getting burned 35 In a sense在某种意义上 Here the wide use of individual forks may in a sense explain the less communal characteristics of Americans and their value of privacy 36 Out of place不合适的 不相称的 在不适当的位置 However such alertness is out of place in the New World 第二部分 第二部分 翻译下列句子翻译下列句子 1 要把熏肉的油脂从盘子上洗去是很困难的 grease To get the grease of the bacon off the plates i s very difficult 2 我们坚决支持我们先前的计划 stick to We stick to support our previous plan 3 第二方案会使我们担风险 但也许更是一个机遇 at a risk The second option would put us at a risk but perhaps it has more of an opportunity Passage two International gift giving for Business 第一部分第一部分 词汇词汇 名词 名词 Detail 细节 详情 Preparing for a business meeting requires a working knowledge of the information to be discussed or presented careful attention to all details on the printed material to be distributed and perhaps a gift employee雇员 Some multi national companies and some governments have very strict policies regarding their employees accepting gifts In singapore government employees are not allowed to accept gifts bribe贿赂 收买 This gift is a social gesture that may be expected in some countries and could be considered a bribe in others recipient接受者 In Singapore a recipient may graciously refuse three times before accepting your gift hospitality好客 殷勤待客 And Nomadic cultures in the Middle East have a tradition of hospitality to travelers while Latn cultures consider all relationships as personal guideline指导方针 Knowing the gift guideline for the country you ll be visiting will help make your meeting a success ritual 宗教 仪式 仪节 Cultures with detailed rituals for the ceremony of gift giving are the Japanese and the Chinese Contempt 轻视 藐视 In some Latin countries yellow flowers symbolize contempt cowhide牛皮 As in India don t offer a gift made from cowhide alcohol酒精 Another prohibition for the Muslim faith is alcohol protocol礼节 礼仪 And there isn t the detailed protocol for presenting a gift except avoiding colors of flowers traditionally used for funerals or romance funeral葬礼 And there isn t the detailed protocol for presenting a gift except avoiding colors of flowers traditionally used for funerals or romance lily百合花 Funeral associations frequently occur with lilies chrysanthemum white roses chrysanthemum菊花 Funeral associations frequently occur with lilies chrysanthemum white roses carnations and white or purple flowers carnation肉色 分红色 Funeral associations frequently occur with lilies chrysanthemum white roses carnations and white or purple flowers preference喜爱 偏爱 by recording these details preferences hobbies interests when it is time to buy a gift your gift will reflect the person receiving it logo专用标识 标记 If you have gifts with your company logo it is better if the logo is discreet Don t give company logo gifts in Greece Spain and Portugal rapport和谐关系 Besides being knowledgeable about your product or service develop a rapport that builds long term relationships A good resources to help build that rapport is a personal reference book you create and use throughout your career 动词动词 distribute分配 分发 Preparing for a business meeting requires a working knowledge of the information to be discussed or presented careful attention to all details on the printed material to be distributed and perhaps a gift establish设立 建立 In Malaysia you wouldn t give a gift until you had established a relationship with the person prohibit禁止 For instance pork is prohibited in the Jewish and Muslim religions so you wouldn t select a gift made from pigskin Populate 落户于 移居于 某地 In todays world with global companies as well as countries populated and influenced by different religions and cultures it is important to develop good business relationships by taking the time to learn more about the person you are doing business with reflect表达 某事物 的性质 符合 by recording these details preferences hobbies interests when it is time to buy a gift your gift will reflect the person receiving it flourish兴旺 旺盛 昌盛 The recipient will know through subtle details that he or she is important and the business relationship will flourish 形容词形容词 imperative紧急的 重要的 It is imperative that you learn the policies for the companies you do business with gracious和善的 有礼貌的 Part of the tradition is the gracious style used to present and receive them cognizant了解的 Always be cognizant of religious laws when selecting gifts symbolic符号的 象征的 Gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation odd奇数的 In Europe the old European tradition of always giving an odd number of flowers is still followed today ostentatious招摇的 夸耀的 Choose quality items that are not ostentations discreet言谈举止谨慎的 不显眼的 If you have gifts with your company logo it is better if the logo is discreet subtle精细的 细微的 The recipient will know through subtle details that he or she is important and the business relationship will flourish 短语动词短语动词 Frown upon不赞成 不悦 皱眉 Countries like Malaysia and Paraguay concerned with corruption frown upon any gift that could be construed as a bribe keep in mind记住 A standard to keep in mind for any gift you select is quality insight into深刻理解 洞察 This knowledge will give you insight into choosing more meaningful gifts that the recipient will know it was specifically selected for him or her and be more appreciated interact with与 相互作用 A key category is filled with information you learn about the people you interact with 第二部分 语法现象第二部分 语法现象 定语从句定语从句 例句 1 First the Western diet unlike that of the rest of the world is extremely meat heavy which implies that while it is certainly acceptable to eat a chunk of beef with the fingers the grease factor is considerably high here than it is in picking up boiled rice and the dinners are at a greater risk of getting burned 本句是非限制性定语从句 2 In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meat a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag method 3 Since most of us are right handed it makes sense to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently 4 the gift is a good social gesture that may be expected in some countries and could be considered a bribe in others 5 knowing the gift guidelines for the country you ll be visiting will help make your meeting a success 6 Countries like Malaysia and Paraguay concerned with corruption frown upon any gift that could be construed as bribe 7 There some countries in which a small gift is expected at the first meeting 8 A standard to keep in mind for any gift you select 9 Choose quality items that are not ostentatious 10 This knowledge will give you insight into choosing more meaningful gifts that the recipient will know it was specifically selected for him or her and be more appreciated 11 how do you become known as someone others want to do business with 12 Besides being knowledgeable about your product or service develop a rapport that builds long term relationships 13 A good resource to help build that rapport is a personal reference book you create and use throughout your career 14 A key category is filled with information you learn about the people you interact with 15 The recipient will know through subtle details that he or she is important and the business relationship will flourish 第三部分第三部分 翻译下列句子翻译下列句子 1 他坚持要买另一件没有用的大衣 He insisted on buying another useless coat 2 她被授予金牌 全家人以次为荣 She was awarded a gold medal the family were proud of it 3 科学在我们的生活社会里起着重要的作用 Science plays an important role in our social lifel 第四部分第四部分 写作写作 投诉信的写作要求投诉信的写作要求 首段 首段 表明来信所要投诉的问题 表明来信所要投诉的问题 尽可能做到客观礼貌 尽可能做到客观礼貌 给读者留下好的印象 给读者留下好的印象 应该知道读信人不一定是错误责任人 应该知道读信人不一定是错误责任人 他的合作对解决问题很重要 他的合作对解决问题很重要 I am writing to make a complaint about I am most reluctant to complain but I would like to draw your attention to the problem I have been pleased with your services for years but now i fell very disappointed I would like to draw your attention to the problem I am writing to inform you that I find unsatisfactory 主体段主体段 写明投诉原因 写明投诉原因 问题的经过以及产生的后果 问题的经过以及产生的后果 可以说具体的理由 可以说具体的理由 也可以也可以 说问题的具体体现说问题的具体体现 容要点 o 所要投诉或抱怨的事情是什么 将时间 地点及事情的经过及问题所在说清楚 你对解决问题的建议 告知你的联系方法 如电话 传真 通讯地址等 o 注意事项 结尾段 结尾段 提出解决方案 提出解决方案 不需要展开 不需要展开 本段应该体现书信礼貌原则 本段应该体现书信礼貌原则 可以用类似可以用类似 如果你能如果你能 我将十分感激我将十分感激 等这样的表达等这样的表达 I wish to express my dissatisfaction about It would be highly appreciated if you could I trust you will take my complaints seriously and I hope you will give due attention to this matter I would like to get this matter setted by the end of this month I would appreciate it very much if you could 内容要点 所要投诉或抱怨的事情是什么 将时间 地点及事情的经过及问题所在说清楚 你对解决问题的建议 告知你的联系方法 如电话 传真 通讯地址等 注意事项 言语要平和 不要用太过激的词语 对解决问题的建议要合理 一封信只写一件事 事情的来龙去脉要写清楚 范例 Dear Sir or Madam I am writing you to complain about stereo which I bought in January After only two days things started to go wrong The first problem was the CD drawer which opened and closed too quickly I nearly trapped my fingers in it The next day I recorded a Don to a cassette Everything worked but the sound quality was every poor On the following day the CD Pause button stopped working Naturally I returned the stereo to you for repair Your assistant said I would have to wait only a week After two weeks the necessary spare parts had still not arrived Eventually nine weeks later I collected the stereo The CD player worked properly but there was no improvement in the recording quality I am not satisfied with the equipment nor with the service I have received I am therefore writing to ask for a full refund I will return the stereo to your shop on Monday and I expect to receive a cheque for 250 Yours faithfully Dear I am 自我介绍 I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about The reason for my dissatisfaction is 总体介绍 In the first place 抱怨的第一个方面 In addition 抱怨的第二个方面 Under these circumstances I find it 感觉 to 抱怨的方面给 你带来的后果 I appreciate it very much if you could 提出建议和请求 preferably 进一步的要求 and I would like to have this matter settled by 设定解决事情最后期限 Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply Yours sincerely Li Ming 英文投诉信范文 Letters of Complaint Dear Sir With reference to our order No W 98 the 120 computer sets supplies to the above order were delive