虚拟语气 倒装 强调结构.doc

虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1在动词suggest， order， demand， propose， command， request， desire， insist， require， decide， promise， resolve， argue， maintain， determine， recommend， advise， advocate，等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats （should） be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor （should） be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation， he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _（我们交研究报告）。参考答案：we hand in our research report（s）2在advice， demand， order， necessity， resolution， decision， proposal， requirement， suggestion， idea， recommendation， request， plan，等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词He issued the order that the troops （should） withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。3在形容词important， necessary， imperative， natural， urgent， essential， appropriate， desirable， vital， advisable， preferable， incredible以及短语no wonder， a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的。It is necessary that some immediate effort （should） be made. 必须立即采取行动。4 if或but for等引导的条件句if引导虚拟条件句的用法 1）if条件句 条件从句 结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were) would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(had done) would have done与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time， I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow， I should （would） stay at home.虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were， should， 或had时， 可省略if，再把were， should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：Were they here now， they could help us. =If they were here now， they could help us.Had you come earlier， you would have met him. =If you had come earlier， you would have met him. Should it rain， the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain， the crops would be saved. 2）混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)(or, or else, otherwise) I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在相反Mary couldnt have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去相反)3）but for withoutbut for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.Without your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _（本来会有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案：would have survived5 It is （high， about） time (that)句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Its time_（采取措施） about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken6 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could, might)+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。7 if only后用虚拟语气（相当于How I wish）（要是就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能讲几种外语就好了！8 would rather （希望他人干某事）I would rather you didnt speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)Id rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)区别：I would rather stay at home. （自己干某事）9 as if (though) 引起的从句:They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was (were) spring today.He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.此外，如果主句谓语动词是look，seem，taste，smell等词时，从句中也可用陈述语气。例如：It looks as if she is in love again10 以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 should +动词原形):He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.Ill keep a seat for you in case you should need it.虚拟语气练习1Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often A）has to get B）were to get C）had got D）could have got2 _ for your help，wed never have been able to get over the difficulties A）Had it not B）If it were not C）Had it not been D）If we had not been3Oh，what a nuisance！It _so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you，but I have left them on the table at home A）would have been B）had been C）would be D）was4If we had been more careful，we _much better results now A）would be getting B）would have got C）got D）had got5He suggested_ to tomorrows exhibition together A）us to go B）we went C）we shall go D）we go6It is recommended that the project _until all the preparations have been made A）is not started B）will not be started C）not be started D）is not to be started7Its necessary _the dictionary immediately A）that he will return B）that he returned C）that he return D）that he has to return8It is of the utmost importance that you _here on time A）be B）shall be C）are to be D）must be9One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_ to its burning temperature A）is heated B）will be heated C）be heated D）would be heated10I wish I _longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class A）could have slept B）sleep C）might have slept D）have slept11Its already 5oclock nowDont you think its about time _？ A）we are going home B）we go home C）we went home D）we can go home12The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _himself A）injure B）had injured C）injured D）would injure13That tree looked as if it _for a long time A）hasnt watered B）didnt water C）hadnt been watered D）wasnt watered14Id rather you _anything about it for the time being A）dont do B）did C）didnt do D）would do15Look at the terrible situation I am in！If only I _your advice A）follow B）had followed C）would follow D）have followedBCAAD CCACA CACCB 一倒装1当“only+状语（从句）”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。 Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion. Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.其他如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。真题重现【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_.(他才感到安全和放松)参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！真题重现【CET-6：2007.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)【CET-6：2007.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form.【CET-42006.6】Not only_(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 参考答案：should he lie to the court.；Not until the deadline did he send (out)；did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much3. nor, neither；so 承前否定，前面是否定后面也是否定意义；前面是肯定后面也是肯定意义 She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper. （2010）4the more, the more结构中的倒装。【CET-4：2006.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂).参考答案：the more confused I am5. as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。as让步虽然，尽管词序倒装。语气比 though 强。Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。Womon as she is, shes ev