英语的时态和语态讲解和练习全.doc

一、一般现在时： 1.概念：1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作; 2）表示客观真理；3）表示当时的某种状况或反复发生的动作、行为；4）表示按时间表将要发生的动作；5) 在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态 ,即“主将从现”现象。2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once / twice a week/ year / month , regularly（有规律地）, occasionally=once in a while（偶尔地）, on Sundays, every two days /four years .3.基本结构：a, 主动式：1)主语+ V-原形 / V- s/es + 宾语 （若主语为第三人称单数形式，动词后面加s / es ，即单三）2)主语+ be动词（ is /am /are ） + 表语b, 被动式：主语+ 助动词（ is /am /are ）+ done4.例句： 他总是乐于帮助人:_行动胜于言语：_ 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：1）表示在过去的某个时候或某段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态；2）表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作和行为；3) 在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态； 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday , last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, long long ago, once upon a time（从前） 3.基本结构：a,主动式：1）主语+V-过去式+宾语；2）主语+ 助动词（was/were）+ 表语b,被动式：主语+助动词（was /were ）+ done 4. 例句: 当我小的时候，我常常去河边游泳 _ 那听起来是个好主意，妈妈说： _三、现在进行时： 1.概念：1)表示现阶段或说话时正在进行和发生的动作或存在的状态。2)现在进行时态还可以跟often /always/constantly/ usually表达一种厌恶，赞叹，喜悦的情感。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, right now,at the moment，at present . 3.基本结构：a, 主动式：主语+ 助动词（ am /is /are ）+ doing +宾语b, 被动式：主语+ 助动词（am/ is /are）+being + done4.例句：这些天你工作进展如何？_ 为何你总是要对我撒谎呢？_四、过去进行时： 1.概念：1）表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行或发生的行为动作。2)过去进行时态还可以跟often/always/usually/constantly表达一种厌恶，赞叹，喜悦的情感。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at this / that time或以when/while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构；a, 主动式：主语+ 助动词（was / were ）+ doing形式+ 宾语 b, 被动式：主语+助动词（was / were ）+being +done.4.例句：At that time of last year she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、一般将来进行时1. 概念：一般将来进行时表示在将来的某个时候或某段时间正在进行或发生的动作。2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by the time, the day after tomorrow, etc. 3. 基本结构：主动式：主语+助动词（will/shall）+ be + doing + 宾语;4.例句：Dont phone me between 8 and 10. Well be having classes then. Will you be using your bicycle this evening?What will you be doing at this time tomorrow ?六、 完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。 1, 概念：现在完成进行时是现在完成时的强调形式，它表示从过去某一时刻已经开始的动作或状态，一直延续到现在，并且有可能还要持续下去，强调动作一直在进行并且不间断。2, 时间状语：these days , recently=lately最近, since+过去的某时刻，for+一段时间, over/ in/during the past /last few years, so far=up to now=up to the present到目前为止.3, 基本结构：主动式：主语+助动词( have/ has )+been + doing+宾语4, 例句： I _(look)for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. The farmer_(work)on the farm for a whole day. 七、现在完成时： 1.概念1）表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，2）表示动作从过去已经开始的动作或状态，一直持续到现在,并且有可能还要持续下去。 2.时间状语：ever , never, already , yet , just , before, recently, lately, since + 过去的某时刻，for+一段时间, in the past /last few years, so far, up to now, up to the present. 3.基本结构：a, 主动式：主语+ 助动词（have / has）+ done .b, 被动式：主语+ 助动词（have/has）+ been+ done . 4 .例句：Ive just written an article about shopping on the internet . We have never been to the Great Wall before. The task has not been finished by them ,they are still busy with it .八、过去完成时： 1.概念：a. 表示在过去的某个动作或某段时间之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。b. 过去完成时还可以表示：“过去本来想做而未做的事”2.时间状语：before/after 引导的从句, by .,by the end of last year ( term, month) . 3.基本结构：a, 主动式：主语+ 助动词had + done+. b, 被动式：主语+ 助动词had +been+ done4. 例外：1）动词intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned,supposed,wished,desiredwanted) 的过去完成时表示：“过去本来想做而未做的事”如：我本来打算告诉你那件事情的，但我忘了：I had meant to tell you about it, but I forgot to do so. 2）动词intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth表示：“过去本来想做而未做的事”。如：我本来打算告诉你那件事情的，但我忘了：I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 5. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly/scarcely/barely /the moment / the minute+ 过去完成时+when +一般过去式。（若hardly/scarcely/barely用于句首，要用部分倒装句）。如： 我一上车，车子就开动了：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。（若no sooner用于句首，要用部分倒装句）。：他一走出房间，就认出了我：No sooner had he got out of the room than he recognized me . 九. 将来完成时 1. 概念：表示在将来某一时刻将要完成的动作；或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。2. 时间状语：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。3. 基本结构：a.主动式：主语+助动词（will/shall）+ have+ done + 宾语b.被动式：主语+助动词（will/shall）+ have+been+ done4. 例句：By the time we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.I am sure my composition about internet will have been finished before 9 a.m. tomorrow. 十、一般将来时： 1.概念：1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示按计划打算或准备做某事。3）表示有迹象表明将要发生的动作或存在的状态。4）表示按时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态。5) 表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, in the future . 3.基本结构：a, 主动式：1）主语+ 助动词（will / shall）+ V-原形 + 2 ) 主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）going to + do3）主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）+ to do 4) 主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）+ about + to do 5 ) 主语+助动词( is /am/ are ) due to + do 6）主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）on the point of doing b, 被动式：1）主语+ 助动词（will/shall）+ be+ done + ; 2 ) 主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）going to + be +done；3）主语+助动词（am/ is/ are）+ to be done 4.例句：They will have a picnic in the zoo. Look at the clouds , it is going to rain. 十一、过去将来时： 1.概念：表示从过去看起来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week). 3.基本结构：a, 主动式：1）主语+助动词（would/should）+ 原形+ ； 2）主语+ 助动词（ was / were ）going to + do 3）主语+助动词（was / were ）+ to do 4) 主语+助动词（was / were ）+ about + to do ; 5 ) 主语+助动词( was /were ) due to + do ; 6）主语+助动词（was /were）on the point of doing ;b, 被动式：1）主语+ 助动词（would/should ）+ be+ done + ; 2 ) 主语+助动词（was / were）going to + be +done；3） 主语+助动词（was / were）+ to be done 高中英语动词时态和语态专项练习题附答案1. You havent said a word about my new coat，Brenda.Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt sayingB.dont say C.wont sayD. didnt say2. I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A.hasnt writtenB. doesnt write C.wont writeD. hadnt written3.When will you come to see me，Dad? I will go to see you when you _ the training course.A.will have finishedB.will finish C.are finishingD.finish4.How long _ at this job? Since 1990.A.were you employed B.have you been employedC.had you been employedD.will you be employed5.By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A.would be completedB.was being completed 2. C.has been completedD.had been completed6.The little girl _her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A.had cried; lostB.cried; had lost C.has cried; has lostD.cries; has lost7.)Excuse me，sir.Would you do me a favor? Of course.What is it? I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A.had wonderedB.was wondering C.would wonderD.did wonder8.He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A.will graduateB.will have graduated C.graduatesD.is to graduate9.I feel it is your husband who _for the spoiled child.A.is to blameB.is going to blame C.is to be blameD.should blame10.He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still _.A.has beenB.does C.hasD.is11.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept; will have toB.are not kept; have toC.do not keep; will have toD.do not keep; have to12.The price _，but I doubt whether it will remain so.A.went downB.will go down C.has gone downD.was going down13.How long _ each other before they _ married? For about a year.A.have they known; get B.did they know; getC.do they know; are going to get D.had they known; got14.You cant move in right now.The house _.A.has paintedB.is painted C.is being paintedD.is painting15.Hey，look where you are going! Oh，Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticingB.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticedD.I dont notice16.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was travelingB.traveled C.had been travelingD.was to travel17.Is this raincoat yours? No，mine _ there behind the door.A.is hangingB.has hangC.hangsD.hang18.I turned around and saw everybody _ at a man who _ loudly in a foreign language.A.was staring; was shoutingB.was staring; shouting C.staring; shoutingD.stared; shouted19.Henry remained silent for a moment.He _.A.thoughtB.had thought C.was thinkingD.was thought20.We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _ out his address yet,A.havent foundB.hadnt found C.didnt findD.dont find21.Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.A.has writtenB.wrote C.had writtenD.was writing22.Have you got your test result? Not yet.The papers _.A.are not correcting B.have not correctedC.are still being corrected D.have already been corrected23.See the clouds! It _ rain!A.willB.is going toC.mustD.certainly24.Do I have to take this medicine? It _ so terrible.A.tastesB.is tastingC.is tastedD.has tasted25.Dont take the magazine away.It _ me.A.is belonged toB.belongs to C.was belonged toD.is belonging to26.Is this the third time that you _ late?A.have been B.am C.wasD.had been27.Do you know when Tom _ from abroad? Perhaps it will be a long time before he _.A.will come; will comeB.comes; will comeC.will come; comes D.comes; comes28.My uncle said that he would telephone but I _ from him so far.A.didnt hearB.hadnt heard C.havent heardD.wont hear29.The telephone _ four times in the last hour，and each time it _ for my roommate.A.has rung; wasB.has been ringing; is C.had rung; wasD.rang; has been30.A storm _ by a calm.A.is often being followedB.was often followedC.is often followed D.has often been followed31.The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose.A.think; lostB.thought; had lost C.think; had lostD.thought; lost32.We could have walked to the station.It was so near.Yes，a taxi _ at all necessary.A.wasntB.hadnt been C.couldnt beD.wont be33.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday only to find it _.A.to be brokenB.had broken into C.was brokenD.had been broken into34.They believed that by using computers the production of their factory _.A.will greatly increase B.would greatly increaseC.would be increased greatly D.will have been greatly increased35.His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he _.A.had long been expected B.had long expectedC.has long expected D.was long expected36.Do you like the new pen?Yes，it _ very well.A.is writtenB.is writing C.writesD.wrote37.Oh，its you? I didnt recognize you.I _ my hair cut，and I _ new glass.A.had; was wearingB.have had; am wearingC.had; wore D.have had; wear38.As she _ the newspaper，Granny _ asleep.A.read; was fallingB.was reading; fellC.was reading; was fallingD.read; fell39.However hard you _，you will never succeed in pleasing her.A.tryB.will try C.should tryD.would try40.Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio yesterday，but it _.A.didnt workB.wont work C.cant workD.doesnt work41.How are you today? Oh，I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A.didnt feelB.wasnt feeling C.dont feelD.havent felt42.When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for about an hour.A.had goneB.had set off C.had leftD.had been away43.By this time tomorrow we _ the machine.A.have repairedB.shall have repaired C.will repairD.would repair44.I dont think Jim saw me，he _ into space.A.just staredB.was just staring C.has just staredD.had just stared45.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.had left; cameB.has left; comesC.left; had comeD.had left; would come46.You have left the light on. Oh，so I have._ and turn it off.A.Ill goB.Ive gone C.I goD.Im going47.This is Teds photo.We miss him a lot.He _ trying to save a child in earthquake.A.killedB.is killed C.was killedD.was killing48.The notice _ “No smoking.”A.is wroteB.reads C.writesD.is read49.Good care must _ babies particularly while they are ill.A.takeB.take of C.be takenD.be taken of50.Shortly after we _，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.A.seated B.were seated C.sat ourselves D.had seated51.You look pale，what troubled you? I _ my dead friend.A.am thinking about B.was thinking aboutC.had thought about D.will think about52.John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A.had been; have seen B.have been; have seenC.have been; had seen D.had been; had seen53.Do make sure that you _ a seat today!A.gotB.get C.shouldD.have get54.We _ at the house as we _ of buying it.A.looked; were thinking B.were looking; were thinkingC.were looking; thought D.looked; had thought55.Im told that you are leaving for Beijing.Who _ so?A.saidB.had said C.saysD.has said56.I _ the room to be empty but found it occupied.A.had thoughtB.have thought C.didnt thinkD.was thinking57.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A.will have changedB.has changed C.is changingD.will change58.I _ ping-pong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will playB.have played C.playedD.play59.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A.will requestB.are requested C.are requestingD.request60.They _ a snowstorm on their way home.A.caught in B.had caught C.were caught D.were caught in 15 DADBD 610 BBCAD 1115 ACDCB 1620 AAACA 2125 DCBAB 2630 ACCAC 3135 BADCC 3640 CBBAD 4145 DDBBA 4650 ACBDB 5155 BCBBC 5660 ACDBD附录：英语不规则动词记忆表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadredreadred读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainsewshone/shinedsewedshone/shinedun, nsewed/sewn使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借出rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形ought oug