高一英语Unit 2Friendship（II） 教案

一.讲座内容：Unit 2 Friendship(II)二.语法说明一.定语从句在复句中，修饰名词或代词的子句称为定语从句。修改后的名词或代词称为前置词。定语从句导致关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词在归属条款中负责句子成分。关系代词如下：who、whom、whose、that、which关系副词如下：when、where、why(1)关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。当关系代词成为定语从句中的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数字必须与先行词一致。who，whom，that这些词所代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，其在条款中的作用如下。is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是你想见的人吗？(who/that在条款中给出)he is the man whom/that I saw yesterday。他就是我昨天遇见的人。(whom/that适用于子句)whose用于指人或事物(仅用作属性，如果是事物，则可以与of which交换)。示例：they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down。那个人车坏了，大家都跑来帮忙。please passme the book whose(of which)the cover is green。请递给我那本绿色的书。which，that这些代替的先行词可以作为事物的名词或代词，在节中可以作为主语宾语等。示例：a prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the country ide。农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that是句子中的宾语)the package(which/that)you are carrying is about to comunwrapped .你带的包几乎散开了。(which/that是句子中的宾语)(2)作为关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在子句中用作副词。when、where、why关系副词when，where，why的意思对应于“介词which”结构，因此经常与“介词which”结构交替使用。例如：there are occasions when(on which)one must yield .每个人都有屈服的时候。beijin is the place where(in which)I was born。北京是我的出生地。is this the reason why he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的原因吗？注意：先行词在表示地点或时间时使用where或when，有时使用that(which)引导attributive子句时，必须根据子句的谓语动词是事物还是事物而定。如果是物件，请使用that(which)；否则，请使用where或when。例如：this is the house where he lived last year。这是他去年住的房子。this is the house that(which)he visited last year。这是他去年参观的房子。我thought of the happy days when I stayed in beijin。我想起了在北京度过的幸福的日子。I have never forgotten the day which wespent together。我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。that代替关系副词That可用于代替由when、where、why和“介词which”引导的attributive子句，在口语中经常省略that。例如，his father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born。他父亲在他出生的那一年去世了。he is unlink to find the place(that/where/in which)he lived forty years ago。他不大可能找到他40年前住的地方。I don t like the way(that/in which)he talked to his mother .我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。(3)限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句是限制性的，非限制性的。限制性定语从句是先行词中不可缺少的一部分，去掉其主语意义往往不明确。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，减法不影响订货，用咒语和逗号分隔。例如：this is the house which we bought last month。这是我们上个月买的房子。(有限)The house，which we bought last month，is very nice。这房子很漂亮。上个月买的。(非受限)先行词转换成专有名词或物主代词及代词后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：查尔斯史密斯、who was my former teacher、retired last year。查理史密斯去年退休了，他是我的老师。我的家，which I bought last year，has got a loely garden。去年买的房子有一个美丽的花园。This novel，which I have read three times，is very touching。这部小说很感人，我已经看了三遍了。非限制性冠词还可以用整个主要句子作为先行词进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：he seems not to have grasped what I meant，which greatly upset s me。他好像没有抓住我的意思，使我生气。Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evporation。液态水变成蒸汽。这称为蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能诱导非限制性定语从句。(4)介词关系词介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前面不能有介词。特定部分在条款中，时间、位置或原因副词的“介词关系词”结构可以与关系副词when和where互换。例如：this is the house in which I lived two years ago。this is the house where I lived two years ago。这是我两年前住的房子。do you remember the day on which you joined our club？do you remember the day when you joined our club？还记得我们加入俱乐部的那天吗？(5)诱导的有限属性子句：as用关系代词和关系副词引导限定定语从句，用作从句的主题、表语或副词the same.as，such.构成as等结构。示例：I like the same book as you do。(针对as)和你一样，我喜欢同一本书。I shall do it in the same way as you did。(as是副词)我会以和你一样的方式做。I want to have such a dictionary as he has。(针对as)我想要一本像他一样的词典。引导非限定属性部分。As在attributive子句中用作主语、表语或宾语，这个attributive子句描述了整个句子，可以放在主要句子的前面。示例：as web all know，he studenies very hard。(as代表整个句子)他学习很努力，就像我们都知道的一样。As is known to all，he is the best student in our class。(as代表作为主语的整个句子)众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。常用的插入短语包括as is said above、as is already mentioned above、as is known to all、as it is、as is often the case、as is reported in the news(6)as，which非限定attributive子句As、which领导的非限定attributive子句，as和which代替了完整的基本句子，如and this或and that。As通常放在句子的开头，which放在句子里。例如，as weknow，smoking is harmful to ones health。正如我们所知道的，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us。太阳加热地球对我们很重要。典型示例：a)Alice received an invitation from her boss，_ _ _ _ _ _ came as a surprise。A.it B. that C. whichD。he解决：答案c .这是不限定的条款，不能用that修饰，用which、it和he两者都做了之后句子是句子，两个独立的句子不能用逗号连接。此外，他句子的意思不通。B) weather turned out to be very good，_ _ _ _ _ _ was more than web could expect。A.what B. which C. that D. it解决：答案B. Which代替句子用在未限定的attributive子句中，但不能使用what。That不能用于非限定attributive子句。it不是连接词，所以不能在英语语法中使用逗号连接的两个句子。C) it rained hard yesterday，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ prevented me from going to the park。A.that B. whichC .as D. it解决：回答B. As和which在指导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句表达的全部意思，可以在定语从句中用作主语和宾语。但是，有两个主要区别。.as诱导定语从句可以放在句子开头，但不能which。2 .as代表前面的整个订单章节，在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须是系动词。如果是行动动词，子句的关系代词只能使用which。在这个问题上，正确的选项必须是b，因为prevent是行为动词。需要使用that而不是Which来派生attributive子句时：先行词是否定代词all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等。示例：all that we have to do is to practice every day。我们要做的都是每天练习。先行词由序数或形容词的最高级变形。例如：the first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten。我学的第一堂课永远忘不了。This is the best film Ive ever seen。这是我看过的最好的电影。先行词由all、any、every、each、few、little、no、some等构成。示例：I have read all the books(that)you gave me。你给我的所有书都读完了。前置任务由the only，the very，the same，the last组织的时候，例如：he is the only person that/(who)I want to talk to .他是我唯一想谈话的人。先行词是在有人和有东西的时候，示例：they talked of things and persons that they remembered。他们谈到了记得的人和事。为了避免句子中已经有人的时候重复。例如：Who is the man that is talking to John？和约翰说话的人是谁？用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词代替when。示例：it happed on the day that/when I was born。那件事发生在我出生的时候。有两个定语从句，其中