北师大版英语六年级期末基础复习知识

六年级英语基础复习知识 2010年总结 1. 单词分类总结2. 各种时态3. 作文单词分类1.水果: (fruit ) What fruit do you like / dislike? Whats your favorite fruit?apple (苹果), pear ( 梨)，banana (香蕉), orange ( 橘子)，lemon（柠檬），watermelon ( 西瓜)，pineapple (菠萝)，strawberry （草莓）kivi fruit(猕猴桃) coconut（椰子）grapes（葡萄）grapefruit（西柚） cherry（樱桃）plum（李子） peach(桃子) mango(芒果)Whats this ? Is it a pear?It an orange. Yes, it is. ( No, it isnt )2.蔬菜：（Vegetables） tomatoes (西红柿)，potatoes (土豆)，beans (豆角)，mushrooms (蘑菇)，cabbages(卷心菜) cucumbers (黄瓜) ，peppers (辣椒)， eggplants (茄子)， carrots (胡萝卜)， onions (洋葱) cauliflowers (菜花) pumpkin(南瓜) pea(豌豆) leek（韭菜 ）What are these those ? Are these those beans?They are onions. Yes, they are. (No, they arent .)3. 颜色: (Color) What color is it? What color do you like/ dislike ?red（红色）， pink（粉色） ， yellow（黄色） ， green（绿色） ， blue（蓝色）， grey=gray（灰色）， black（黑色）， white（白色） brown（棕色）， purple （紫色）， orange(橘色) ， golden 形容词（金色），gold名词（金色）4. 工作(job /work) What does she /he do? What do you do?She/ He is a worker. I am a teacher.doctor nurse engineer singer dancer farmer worker student= pupil teacher writer waiter lawyer cook policeman policewoman salesman actor actress driver vet manager juggler ( 杂技演员)，pilot ( 飞行员)，astronaut (宇航员)， tailor （裁缝），dentist (牙医) clown (小丑) keeper (看门的人) killer (杀手) painter (油画家) postman (邮递员) artist (艺术家) fireman(消防员)5交通工具：How do you go to school/ work? By: bike bus train car taxi van subway ship jeep trolley bus truck on foot 6. 星期：（week） What day is it today? Its Monday. Monday (Mon. 星期一)，Tuesday ( Tue. 星期二)，Wednesday (Wed. 星期三)，Thursday（Thur.星期四），Friday (Fri. 星期五)，Saturday (Sat. 星期六)， Sunday (Sun. 星期日)7. 月份：（month）January (Jan. 一月)，February ( Feb. 二月)，March (Mar. 三月)， April (Apr. 四月)，May (May.五月)，June (Jun. 六月)，July (Jul. 七月)，August (Aug. 八月)，September (Sep. 九月)，October (Oct. 十月)，November (Nov. 十一月)，December (Dec. 十二月)Whats the date today? Its January 1st.When is your birthday? Its January 12th.8、季节：（Seasons）Spring (春)， Summer (夏)， Autumn (秋)= fall Winter (冬)Which season do you like ? I like spring because its green everywhere.9Animals动物cat （猫）， dog （狗），fish ( 鱼)，goat (山羊), turtle ( 乌龟)，peacock ( 孔雀)，lion (狮子)，kangaroo (袋鼠)，cow （牛），owl (猫头鹰)，mouse （老鼠），oyster (牡蛎)，frog （ 青蛙），rabbit ( 兔子)，sheep (绵羊)，panda ( 熊猫)，fox （狐狸），donkey ( 驴)，horse ( 马)， tiger (虎)，leopard （豹子），squirrel ( 松鼠)，shark ( 鲨鱼)，whale （鲸鱼），snake (蛇)，bear (熊)，butterfly (蝴蝶)，monkey (猴子)，crab (螃蟹)，bird (鸟)，elephant (大象)，duck (鸭子)，deer (鹿)，ant （蚂蚁），zebra (斑马)，rooster (公鸡)，zoo （动物园），insect (昆虫，瓢虫)，cage (笼子)，nest (鸟巢) 10人称 your你（们）的 my我的 she她 he他family家庭 mother妈妈 father爸爸 sister姐姐brother兄，弟 me我 grandmother（外）祖母grandfather（外）祖父 aunt（婶）姑，姨 uncle叔，伯，舅 mom妈妈 dad爸爸 her她的his他的 friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩children孩子，儿童 it它 teacher教师name名字 queen女王11. Numbers: 数字 Whats your telephone number? How much is it? How old are you? (1) 基数词： 0 zero 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10ten 11eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 30 thirty 32 thirty-two 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred (2) 序数词: first第一 second第二 third第三 fourth第四 fifth第五 sixth第六 seventh第七 eighth第八 ninth第九 tenth第十 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二 thirteenth第十三 fourteenth第十四 fifteenth第十五 sixteenth第十六 seventeenth第十七 eighteenth第十八 nineteenth第十九 twentieth第二十 twenty-first第二十一 twenty-second第二十二 twenty-third第二十三 thirtieth第三十 thirty-first第三十一 fortieth第四十 fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 eightieth第八十 ninetieth第九十 (one)hundredth第一百12. 反义词：what is it like?big -small woman -man round -square thin- thick warm-cool come- go sad= unhappyhappy tallshortlongshort newold pinkpurple hotcold old youngright-wrong tick-cross fatthin boygirl thisthat thesethose 1.same different 2.newold3.old young 4.short long 5.bigsmall 6.tallshort 7.yesno8.openclose 9.hotcold 10.herethere 11.sit stand 12.up down 13.thin fat14.father mother 15.right wrong 16.blackwhite 17.thisthat18.thesethose19.boygirl 20. grandfather grandmother 21.man woman22.husband wife 23.aunt uncle 24.brothersister25. heshe 26. left right 27. go come 28. nurse doctor 29. good bad 30. minus plus 31. his her 32. busy free 33. hand foot 34. legs arms 13. 天气状况：（weather） Whats the weather like today ？ Its windy . sunny (晴朗的), cloudy (多云的)，rainy （夏雨的）snowy （下雪的），windy (多风的)，foggy（大雾的），stormy（暴风雨的）weather (天气)，cold (冷)，hot (热)，warm (温暖的)，cool （凉爽的），rain (雨)，snow (雪)，wind (风)，fog（雾）sun（太阳），storm（暴风雨）report (报告)，14形状circle圆 heart心形，心脏 rectangle长方形，矩形 square正方形 triangle三角形 diamond（菱形）oval（椭圆）star (星形)15地点场所：（Places ）school （学校），classroom ( 教室)，office (办公室)，park ( 公园)，home ( 家)，supermarket (超市)，store (商店)，shop (商店)， city （城市），town (城镇), hospital (医院)，library （图书馆），post office (邮局)，bus stop ( 汽车站)，restaurants (饭店)，movie theater （电影院），swimming pool （游泳池），police station (警察局)，bank (银行)，fire station ( 消防站)，farm （农场），train station ( 火车站)，toilet ( 卫生间)，museum (博物馆)，amusement park (游乐场)，room （房间），bedroom (卧室)，bathroom （浴室），living room （客厅），kitchen （厨房），street (街道)，road (马路)，stairs (楼梯) high school 高中primary school= elementary school 小学 middle school 中学16 运动：（sports ）football = soccer(足球)，basketball (篮球)，badminton （羽毛球），table tennis (乒乓球)，volleyball (排球)，goalkeeper (守门员)，score (得分)，team (球队)，row (排)，goal （目标），bowling （保龄球），doing karate （空手道），the gym (体操馆)，ice-skating (滑冰)，yo-yo （溜溜球）17. 食物 ：（Food）milk (牛奶)，hamburger (汉堡包)，bread (面包)，corn (玉米)，fried rice (炒米饭)，soup (汤)，pizza （比萨饼），noodles (面条)，hot dog (热狗)，pie (派)，chicken (鸡肉)，beef (牛排)，French fries(炸薯条)，rice (米饭) ice cream (冰淇淋) yogurt ( 酸奶) roast duck(烤鸭) sea food (海鲜)crab(螃蟹) cake (蛋糕) pasta (甜点) popcorn (爆米花) chocolate (巧克力) egg sausages(香肠) mooncake(月饼) cookies (曲奇饼) 18 日常用品：bed ( 床), sofa ( 沙发)，clock（钟），watch (手表)，table ( 桌子)，radio (收音机)，lamp （台灯），bookcase ( 书柜)，stool ( 小凳子)，television (TV) (电视机)，photo ( 照片)，tea-table ( 茶几)，door (门)，floor （地板）, ground (地面)，newspaper （报纸），magazine （杂志），purse (钱包)，umbrella (雨伞)，thing ( 物品)，glasses (眼镜)，camera (照相机)，kite (风筝)19身体部位：（body）face (脸）, ear (耳朵)，eye (眼睛)，head ( 头)， nose ( 鼻子)，mouth ( 嘴)，teeth (牙齿),tongue (舌)，neck (脖子)，shoulder (肩膀)，chest ( 胸)，stomach (肚子), hair （头发），leg （腿）, arm ( 胳膊)，foot ( 脚)，toe ( 脚趾)，knee （膝盖），finger （手指），20Subjects(科目)Chinese语文 ， English英语 ， Art美术 ， Math数学 ，P.E. 体育， Computer电脑, History历史， Music音乐， Geography 地理 ， Science科学21乐器： Play the piano弹钢琴 , play the violin拉小提琴 , play the guitar弹吉他, play the flute吹笛子, Play the drums 敲鼓22形容词比较级，最高级单音节形容词: tall-taller-tallest （高的较高的最高的） short-shorter-shortest （矮的-较矮的最矮的）big-bigger-biggest （大的-较大的最大的） small-smaller-smallest (小的较小的-最小的)long-longer-longest (长的-较长的最长的)short-shorter-shortest （短的-较短的最短的）fat-fatterfattest （胖的-=较胖得最胖的）thin-thinner-thinnest （瘦的-较瘦的-最瘦的）hot -hotter-hottest （热的-较热的最热地）heavy-heavier-heaviest （重的-较重的-最重的） old-older-oldest（年长的较年长的-最年长的）young -younger-youngest （年轻的-较年轻的最年轻的）happy- happier-happiest （高兴的-较高兴的-最高兴的）earlyearlier-earliest （早的-较早的-最早的）2）多音节形容词:expensivemore expensivethe most expensive昂贵的interesting more interesting the most interesting有趣的boring more boring the most boring无聊的exciting more exciting the most exciting兴奋得、的difficult more difficult the most difficult 困难的beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful 漂亮的wonderful more wonderful the most wonderful 精彩的，极好的23. 活动：（Activities）take a bus ride a bike walk to school read storybooks read newspapers乘公共汽车 骑自行车 步行去学校 读故事书 读报纸have breakfast have lunch have dinner get up (late) go to bed go to sleep吃早餐 吃午餐 吃晚餐 起床 上床睡觉 上床睡觉have English class go to English class上英语课 help Mom 帮妈妈干家务have music class go to music class 上音乐课 go shopping购物have dance class go to dance class 上舞蹈课 watch TV 看电视have swimming class go to swimming class上游泳课 birthday party 生日聚会have art class go to art class 上艺术课 visit grandma 看望奶奶have P.E. class go to P.E. class 上体育课 go out with family 和家人外出have English corner go to English corner 参加英语角 go to the supermarket 去超市 go to the park 去公园play with friends和朋友们玩 go to the bank 去银行 go to the library 去图书馆 go to the movie theater 去电影院 go to school 去上学 24.学习用品pen pencil pencil-box pencil-case ruler crayon eraser pencil sharpener book notebook dictionary bag desk table chair ink glue paper newspaper knife 25.衣服 clothes 外套，大衣 coat， T恤 T-shirt， 西装 suit， 运动服 sports wear裙装 dress， 短裙 skirt， 游泳衣 swimmingsuit，毛衣 sweater内衣 underwear，裤子 pants/trousers，短袜 socks，背心 vest， 制服 uniform，衬衫 shirt 领带 tie 领结 bow-tie 睡衣 pajamasjeans（牛仔裤），belt（腰带）26动词过去式breathebreathed （呼吸）, cleancleaned （打扫）, coughcoughed （咳嗽）, looklooked （看）, visitvisited （拜访）, watchwatched（观看）, playplayed（玩） wantwanted（想要）meetmet（遇见） paint paint（画画） buy bought（买） writewrote(写)am & is was (是), arewere (是), have& hashad （有）, cancould （能, 会）comecame （来）, go went （去）, do did （做），eatate (吃), getgot （获得）, forgetforgot （忘记）, sitsat （坐）, hithit (打), putput （放）, runran （跑）, winwon （赢得）, swimswam （游泳）, givegave （给）, saysaid （说），make-made（制作）jumpjumped(跳) taketook（拿走，乘车）decide decide（决定）winwon（赢得）eat ate(吃) drinkdrank（喝）sleep slept(睡觉) seesaw（看见）27. 句型：Dont walk Dont litter Dont touch Dont run Dont be late No bikes No cameras No smoking No food No parking No swimming28.缩写Im= I am whos =who is thats= that is youre = you are whats =what is isnt = is not Ive = I have Ill= I will lets= let us hasnt= has not havent=have not29.动词 ：( verbs ) run (跑)，jump （跳），swim (游泳)，play (玩)，come ( 来)，go （去），draw （绘画），talk (谈话)，sing （唱歌），dance （跳舞），read （读），walk (走)，listen （听）,see （看见），climb (爬)，knock （敲），make (制作)，touch （触摸），teach (教)，smile （笑），cry (哭)，litter （扔），start (开始)，laugh (笑)，buy (买)，mix (混合)，add (加)，bake （烤），break （打碎），need (需要)，pour (倒)What can you do? Can you swim?I can dance. Yes, I can. (No, I cant.)时态小学阶段一共学了四种时态，分别是：一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，一般过去时。下面我们一一进行总结。1、 一般现在时A、表示不受时限的客观存在如：He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse. This is a dog. I have a story-book.B、表示现在的习惯动作，即指现在经常发生的动作，一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。它常与表示程度或频度的词连用，如：often（经常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有时） , always（总是，一直） , never（从不） 如：I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school. Mike watches TV every day. I usually play computer games on the weekend. C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作如：How are you? You look happy. Whats the matter with you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken. 注意 英语动词的现在时与原形同形。但当主语是第三人称单数时，须在词尾加-s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。如：watches , teaches , goes , washes 2、 一般将来时表示在将来会发生的事或动作。它常与表示将来的时间连用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。注意 一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构：be going to + 动词的原形 / 地点 will + 动词的原形 例句： Im going to go shopping this afternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky. 3、 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。注意它的构成是：be的现在时形式（am , is , are）加动词的ing形式。如：What are you doing? Im writing a letter. What are they doing? Theyre swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book. 注意 动词的ing形式的构成规则： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting、一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态，也可表示过去的习惯动作。它与现在时间不发生关系，它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。它经常与表示过去的时间连用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TV yesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test. 注意一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式，动词的过去式的构成规则有：、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加ed；如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d；如lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如study studied carry carried worry worried （play、stay除外） 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如stopped 、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read , fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt 注意句子的形式：1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom.Im going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.Im reading a book. They are swimming.I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、 否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not four fans in our classroom.Im not going to buy a comic book tonight. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00.Im not reading a book. They are not (arent) swimming.I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面，可缩写成“isnt，arent”，但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt ）。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，把动词be调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词（do，does，did）再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即问句里的第一个单词（助动词）和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如：What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如： how many（多少(数量)）, how much（多少(钱)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多长）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少？How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少？How many + 名词复数 + are there? 有多少？作文：My best friendHello! Everyone. I will introduce my best friend to you. Her name is Mary . Mary is a lovely girl. She is the tallest in the classroom . She is very thin. She has a round face and two small eyes. Her hair is short. She often wears a pink dress, because pink is her favorite color. She always has a smiling face, so everyone likes her very much.Mary is a clever girl. Shes our monitor. She works hard at school everyday. She likes to ask and answer the questions. Her copybooks are clean and tidy. Her handwriting is very beautiful. She is good at English and math. She is a top student in our class. She can play the piano. She can draw pictures. She can do everything very well.Do you like my best friend? My parents 我的父母I have a busy father and a kind mother. My father is a businessman. He is 42 years old. He is short. He likes reading newspapers after meals. He watches TV in the evening. He goes to work by car. Hehas got a nice black car. He often plays golf