北师大模块1Unit3语法被动语态.ppt

TeachersDay,theParalympicGames,NationalDay,theChongyangFestival,WhatwascelebratedinSeptemberorOctober?,theMid-AutumnFestival,被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。be+pastparticiple(过去分词,简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）,be有人称、数和时态变化,定义,构成,Example:Everybodyrespectshim.主语谓语宾语Heisrespectedbyeverybody.主语谓语状语通过两个句子的比较，可以看出：主动句中的宾语成了被动句中的主语；主动句中的主语在被动句中由by来引导作状语。,tense,时态,am/is/are,was/were,done,have/hasbeen,am/is/arebeing,was/werebeing,Passivevoice,theroom,flowers,already,decorate-with,Theroomhasalreadybeendecoratedwithflowers.,thekeys,lose,thekeyshavebeenlost.,Joancantgetintothehouse,because_,HarryPortter,translate,morethan60languages,HarryPortterhasbeentranslatedintomorethan60languages.,Theroomhasalreadybeendecoratedwithflowers.,Thekeyshavebeenlost.,HarryPortterhasbeentranslatedintomorethan60languages.,thepresentperfectpassivevoice现在完成时的被动语态,use,Sorry,Icantlendmye-dictionarytoyounow._,Itisbeingused.,repair,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecause_.,mycarisbeingrepaired,thekid,kiss,apig,Thekidisbeingkissedbyapig.,Oh,myGod!_,Itisbeingused.,Mycarisbeingrepaired.,Thekidisbeingkissedbyapig.,thepresentcontinuouspassivevoice现在进行时的被动语态,theplan,discuss,Attenoclockyesterday,_,theplanwasbeingdiscussed.,fireworks,setoff,Iheard_atelevenoclocklastnight.,fireworkswerebeingsetoff.,thelanterns,putup,WhenIcameback,Ifound_,thelanternswerebeingputup.,Theplanwasbeingdiscussed.,Fireworkswerebeingsetoff.,Thelanternswerebeingputup.,thepastcontinuouspassivevoice过去进行时的被动语态,Uses:,1.不知道也不需要知道是谁做的事。Theresaspecialfoodforthefestival.Itiscalledzongzi.2.“动作执行者”显而易见。Traditionalmooncakesisusuallymadewithbeanpaste.,Uses:,3.动作本身比“动作执行者”更重要。Smokingisnotallowedinhighschool.4.在学术报告中，被动语态更正式。因为被动语态常见于说明文中。TheInternationalSpaceStationisbeingbuiltintheEarthsorbit.,使用动词的被动语态注意以下几点：,1.不及物动词易被误用在被动语态中(只有及物动词有被动语态，因为只有及物动词有动作的承受者)，如happen,takeplace,breakout,breakdown,etc.e.g:Anaccidenthappenedonthehighwayyesterday.2.并非所有及物动词都可以用于被动语态：表归属的词没有被动语态，如：have,lack,etc.,3.有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可作不及物动词：sell,wear,wash,weigh,measure,etc4.get+done可以表示被动，意为处于/达到.状态=toreachaparticularstate/conditionE.g.:Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.5.主动形式表被动意义的情况：(1)不及物动词或短语动词一般不用于被动语态，如：happen,cost,last,stay,belongto,takeplaceE.g:Anaccidenthappenedonthehighwayyesterday.,(2)系动词构成系表结构，如：look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等+adj./n.，E.g.:Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Ithasgonebad.,(3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语，如副词：well,easily,slowly,quickly。-多翻译成“.起来”E.g.:Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleanseasily.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.Yourspeechreadswell.【注】在特殊情况下，该用法也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同（用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作）Thesentencesreadclearly.这些句子读起来很清楚。（即这句子没有歧义）Thesentencesarereadclearly.这些句子被读得很清楚。（指人读得很清楚）,(4)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等E.g.:Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.,(5)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语。如fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。E.g.:Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.,(6)主动结构表示被动意义的句型：need/want/require/beworthdoingsth.=need/want/require/beworthtobedoneE.g.:Thebikeneedsrepairing.=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.,exercise,1.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfewyears.takeplace是不及物动词2.Thepenwritessmoothly.write表示thepen(主语)的某种属性特征3.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.wash表示thiskindofcloth(主语)的某种属性特征4.Theroommeasures6*6metres.measure表示theroom(主语)的某种属性特征write,wash,measure等词在描述事物的性质或特点时，用作不及物动词,exercice,5.Thisfilmisworthseeingasecondtime.beworthdoing=beworthtobedone6.Thelittlechildneedslookingafter.needdoing=beneedtobedone7.Thematterishardtodealwith.=Todealwiththematterishard.P30.三1,14P38.四10,12,14,TheBigCelebration,decorate-withcolorfullights,fill-withpeople,holdfrom8tohalfpast11,setoffatthebeginning,show/perform,leadinto-,lightatlast,thetorch,Theopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGameswasabigcelebrationonAugust8th.Onthatday,theBirdsNest_withcolorfullights,makingitawonderfulland.Thestadium_withexcitedpeople.Theopeningceremony_from8oclocktohalfpast11.,wasdecorated,wasfilled,wasbeingheld,Itwasanunforgettableandmovingceremony.It_withseriesofactivities.Atthebeginning,fireworks_toraisethecurtainandBeijingsskywaslitup.Intheceremony,performersinChinesetraditionalclothesgavewonderfulperformances.Beautifulsongs_(sing)andTaiji,wascelebrated,weresetoff,weresung,_(perform).Theaudienceweretakentogothrough5,000yearsofChinesehistoryandculture.Aftertheseperformances,theathletesfrom204countries_intothecentrestage.Atlasteleventhetorch_byChinesesportsheroLiNing.,wasperformed,wereled,waslit,TheThe2008BeiijngOlympicGamesaresaidtobethegreatestGamesinthehistory.Theopeningceremonyhasbeenrememberedbythewholeworldbecauseitisthefantasticbeginningof16daysofoutstandingsportscompetition.,Thankyou,PresentSimple,一般现在时,TheMid-AutumnfestivaliscelebratedbytheChinesepeopleallovertheworld.Mooncakesareusuallyeaten.TheDragonBoatFestivaliscelebratedonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthofthelunaryear.,am/is/are+p.p.,现在进行时,PresentContinuous,Theroomsarebeingpainted.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.,am/is/are+being+p.p.,一般过去时,PastSimple,4)Inthepast,lanternswereusuallylitbycandlesanddecoratedwithPicturesofbirds,animalsandflowers.9)Intheolddays,dragonboatraceswereorganizedonlybyChin