Writing a Research Paper---Lecture 8英语论文写作指.ppt

WritingAResearchPaper-Lecture8,ZhangYanyan（张妍岩）Feb.Apr.2009csuewriting,英语论文写作,9.HowtoWriteConclusionandAbstract,Abstract:theextractionoftheessence;Conclusion:thesummary;thelastchapterofanessay,9.1WritingConclusion,Function:1)torefreshthereadersmemory;2)toreviewtheessentialsoftheessayImportance:1)impressingyourreaders;2)decidingthequalityofyouressay,ComponentsofConclusion,1)asummaryofthefindings;2)implications;(optional)3)suggestionsforfurtherresearch(optional),DevelopmentalFeaturesintheWritingsofChineseEnglishMajorsConclusion:,AcomparisonbetweentheTEM4andTEM8compositionsof100studentsaimingatfindingfeaturesoflanguagedevelopmenthasproducedsomemixedresults.Theparticipantssampledforthepresentstudydemonstrated1)statisticallysignificantimprovementinfluency,lexicalsophisticationandformality,2)slightbutinsignificantimprovementinsyntacticcomplexityandoverallqualityofthewritings,and3)significantregressioninlinguisticaccuracy.Theresultsaregenerallyinaccordancewiththefindingsconcludedfromrelevantstudiesdespitethedifferencesinresearchmethodology.Theresultsconcerningmeasuresofaccuracycoincidewithotherstudiesusingthesamemeasures.Alackofimprovementinthisaspectmaybeduetoacoupleoffactors.First,thewritingpartinTEM8isademandingtaskasitrequirestesttakerstofinisha400-wordessayin45minutes,whereasTEM4onlyrequirestesttakerstocomposea150-wordessayin35minutes.Second,duetoalackofpracticeinessaywritingformostparticipants,exemplifiedbytheabsenceofwritingcourseinthefinaltwoyearsofthe4-yearprogram,composinglongessaysmighthaveposedaproblemforthetesttakers.Theholisticratinginthepresentstudyisusedtoreflectthegeneralqualityofthewritings.Despitetheimprovementinmostofthelinguisticfeaturesexamined,thegeneralqualityofTEM8essaysdoesnotimprovesignificantlyoverTEM4ones.Bothsetsofcompositionsreceiveacomparativelylowrating:2.99and3.07.ThisseemstoechotheconcernsofmanyresearchersinEnglisheducationinChina.However,anexaminationoftheinstitutionaldifferencesshowsthatparticipantsfromsomeuniversitydoesmakesignificantimprovement.Thisisalsotheuniversitythatoffersthreeyearsofregularwritingcourseandtheuniversitythatfeaturessmallclasssize.Morequantitativestudiesarethereforecalledfortotesttheeffectofcurriculumdesignandclasssize.Thepresentstudyhasafewlimitations.Asthetwowritingtasksarenothighlycomparable,thetaskspersemighthaveaffectedtheresults.Thefuturestudiesshouldtrytoexamineessaysofmoreorlesssimilarwritingtasksintermsofdiscoursemode,lengthrequirementandtimeallowed.Theholisticratingemployedbythepresentstudydoesnottelltoomuchaboutthewritingquality.Itwouldbeidealtouseanalyticrating,whichwillhelpusgetaclearerpictureofthestrengthsandweaknessesofthelearnerswritings.Finally,duetothescopeofthepresentstudy,thecausesbehindtheinstitutionaldifferencesarenotprobedintoingreaterdetail,whichcouldhaveshedmorelightontheinstructionofEFLwriting.,OntheWesternWomensFaithofLoveinTheThornBirds浅谈荆棘鸟中西方女性对爱情的信仰Conclusion:,Singingherownlittlesong,Meggieconvincesitsthemostwonderfulsongtheworldhaseverheard.Shejusthopesherfaithcanbringherasignificantandhappylife;shejusthopesthathervoiceforlovecanbringRalphsattentionandrespect.Inordertogetlove,shewouldratherofferherlifeasthegreatestsacrifice,andherelevateddemeanorismatchlessforotherwomen.Butshestillfails,asotherwesternwomensfate.ThereisaGreeksayingthatitsasinagainstthegodstolovesomethingbeyondallreason.Whensomeonelovesso,thegodsbecomejealous,andstriketheobjectdownintheveryfullnessofitsflower,andmakehersufferallthetime.Itsprofanetolovetoomuch,butwomenalwayschoosetosettheirwholemindandheartonlove.Sotheyarealwaysinjuredseverely.ItsbeenGodspunishmenttowomensinceEveatetheforbiddenfruit.GodnotonlysentherforthfromtheGardenofEden,butalsokeepspunishingherandherfemaledescendants,havingthemchooseloveastheirfaithandsufferfromitineverymomenttilltheirdeath.Aslongastheylive,womencantstoplongingforlove,searchingforlove,fightingforlove,andwaitingforlove.However,itseasyformentoignorewomensindefatigablezealforfaith.Whatsworse,mendonthavetheinclinationtounderstandwomen.Theyseemnottoknowthatwomenaredifferent,needingthingstheydontneed.Womenarejustoneofmensribs,sohowcanaribwinthewholebody?Therefore,womensattemptisdestinedtofailure,andtheirvoiceforloveisalwayssofaintthattheyoftenfeelhopelessandhelpless.Buttheystilldontwanttogiveuptheirfaith.Theyknowtheywillpaygreatcost,buttheyneverstopsearchingfortheirsharpestandlongestthorn.Aslongaslovelies,womenwillkeepsuffering.However,womensfaithforlovebringsthemawonderfulandsignificantlife,whichwillringintheworldforever.,9.2WritingAbstract,Function:1)tocatchthereadersattention;2)topreviewtheessay,ComponentsofAbstract,1)researchpurposesandquestions;2)method;3)results;4)conclusions,OntheWesternWomensFaithofLoveinTheThornBirds浅谈荆棘鸟中西方女性对爱情的信仰Abstract:,ThispaperattemptstoexplorethenovelTheThornBirds,whichshowsthedifferentvaluesoflovebetweenwomenandmenaroundtheClearys.Thegoalofexploringitisnotonlytostatethatwomensfaithislove,whilemensfaithisanythingbutlove,butalsotosetofftheheroineMeggie,wholongsforloveandstrivesperseveringlyforloveinallherlife.AlthoughMeggiesuffersalotwhensearchingforherfaith,shealwayskeepsloyaltolove.Whatsmore,inordertocreatethebeautifulandmovingvoiceofherlove,shewouldratherofferherlifeasthegreatestsacrifice.ThepaperalsoaimsattracingbacktoWesternwomensfaithbydescribingtheheroineslovestoriesinsomegreatworkswrittenbysomefamouswomennovelists.Comparedwithotherheroinesattitudesandbehaviorstotheirfaith,Meggieisstronger,braver,purerandnoblertoherfaith,forsheenricheslovewithendlessvividvigorandcolor.Sheisaperfectwoman.However,althoughMeggiededicatesherlifetolove,whatshegainsisjustatragedy;althoughtheWesternwomengoalloutfortheirfaith,theyarealwaysdeeplyhurtbythecostofgreatpain.Therefore,thistopicsubtlydelineatesthefactthatthewomensvoiceforloveisstilltoofaint.Nomatterhowwonderfulvoicetheycreate,theyarestillincapableofchangingmensnon-lovefaithandovercomingtheunequalvaluesoftraditionalsociety.ThisisanunavoidabletragedynotonlytoMeggieandtheWesternwomen,butalsotoallwomenintheworldfromancienttimes.Theygettemporaryhappinessfromlove,butwithinfinitemisery.Theirvoiceistoofainttoresisttragedyinlove.However,womensloftyfaithbringsthemameaningfulandsignificantlife,justlikethevoiceofthethornbirds.KeyWords:women;love;faith;voice;TheThornBirds,E.g.TheLoveunderAsceticisminTheScarletLetterandTheThornBirds从红字和荆棘鸟看宗教禁欲主义下的爱情,ContentsAbstractI摘要Introduction.1I.LoveinGuiltyandSelf-ac