新世纪综合教程(英专)第二版 unit 7 Letter to a B Student

Unit7,Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.,1.Whatdoyouthinkoftheboythattheteachersweretalkingabout?Whatattitudesdidtheteachershavetowardstheboy?2.Doyouhaveanystudyproblem?Whatsyourteachersattitude?,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Theboyhadsomestudyproblems.Mostoftheteachersdidnotbelievethattheboycouldmakeanyprogress,buttheyoungladythoughtthathecould.,Open.,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Teacher1:Teacher2:Teacher3:Teacher1:Teacher3:Teacher4:Teacher2:Teacher4:,Thebigkidsbeenherefor,what,amonth?Hesstillnotcuttingitinmyclass.WhydoesAdmissionsdothis?Imean,itsnotfairtousortheboy.Theyrejustsettinghimuptofail.IdontthinkhehasanyideaofwhatImteaching.Andhowwouldyouknowifhedid?Hewonteventalk.Hewrites.Hisname.Barely.Hethrewthisinthetrashcan.“IlookandIseewhiteeverywhere:whitewalls,whitefloors,andalotofwhitepeople.TheteachersdonotknowI,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,VideoScript2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Teacher1:,havenoideaofanythingtheyaretalkingabout.Idonotwannalistentoanyone,especiallytheteachers.Theyaregivinghomeworkandexpectingmetodotheproblemsonmyown.Ihaveneverdonehomeworkinmylife.Igotothebathroom,lookinthemirrorandsay:ThisisnotMichaelOher.”Heentitledit“WhiteWalls.”Howsthespelling?,1.QuoteHistoriesmakemenwise;poemswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.FrancisBacon,Culturalinformation1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,improvement),inpercentages,or,asiscommoninsomepost-secondaryinstitutionsinsomecountries,asaGradePointAverage(GPA).TheGPAcanbeusedbypotentialemployersorfurtherpost-secondaryinstitutionstoassess,Culturalinformation2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,2.GradesGradesarestandardizedmeasurementsofvaryinglevelsofcomprehensionwithinasubjectarea.Gradescanbeassignedinletters(forexample,A,B,C,D,orF),asarange(forexample4.01.0),asdescriptors(excellent,great,satisfactory,needs,Culturalinformation7,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,andcompareapplicants.ACumulativeGradePointAverageisthemeanGPAfromallacademictermswithinagivenacademicyear,whereastheGPAmayonlyrefertooneterm.,GlobalReading-Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis,Textanalysis,1.Whatissuesdoesthewriteroftheletterintendtodealwith?,Howshouldstudentsregardgrades,bothgoodandbad?Aregradesasimportantastheyareassumedtobe?Dogoodgradesnecessarilyleadtoachievementsandbadgradesresultinfailureinastudentslaterlife?,Structuralanalysis,Textanalysis,2.Whatsthethemeofthispieceofwriting?,Itisexplicitlystatedinthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph:toputaBstudentsdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatthegradeBmeansanddoesntmean.,GlobalReading-Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis1,Itintroducesthetopicoftheletter.,Gradesdonotmeaneverything.,GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife.,1.Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.,Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis,Inacomplexsocietylikeours,labelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective.,Structuralanalysis2,Structuralanalysis,Textanalysis,Structuralanalysis3,2.Apartfromthefirstparagraph,therestofthetextfallsclearlyintothreeparts,eachofwhichismarkedatthebeginningbyakeywordorwords.Trytofindthesekeywords.,Paragraphs25:DisappointmentParagraphs6-8:Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Paragraphs9-10:Perspective,Mainidea,Structuralanalysis,YourfinalgradeforthecourseisB.Arespectablegrade.Farsuperiortothe“GentlemansC”thatservedasthenormacoupleofgenerationsago.ButinthosedaysAswererare:onlytwooutoftwenty-five,asIrecall.Whateverournormis,ithasshiftedupward,withtheresultthatyouareprobablydisappointedatnotdoingbetter.ImcertainthatnothingIcansaywillremovethatfeelingofdisappointment,particularlyinaclimatewheregradesdetermineeligibilityforgraduateschoolandspecialprograms.,LettertoaBStudent,Detailedreading1,Detailedreading,RobertOliphant,1,Disappointment.Itsthestuffbaddreamsaremadeof:dreamsoffailure,inadequacy,lossofpositionandgoodrepute.Theessenceofsuccessisthattheresneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereonepersonswinningmustbeoffsetbyanotherslosing,onepersonsjoyoffsetbyanothersdisappointment.Youvegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthingitstheonlything.Tolose,tofail,togounder,togobrokethesearedeadlysinsinaworldwhereprosperityinthepresentisseenasasuresignofsalvationinthefuture.Inadifferentsociety,yourdisappointmentmightbesomethingyoucouldshrugaway.Butnotinours.,Detailedreading2,Detailedreading,2,Detailedreading3,Mypurposeinwritingyouistoputyourdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatyourgrademeansanddoesntmean.Idonotproposetoargueherethatgradesareunimportant.Rather,Ihopetoshowyouthatyourgrade,takenatfacevalue,isapttobedangerouslymisleading,bothtoyouandtoothers.,Detailedreading,3,Asasymbolonyourcollegetranscript,yourgradesimplymeansthatyouhavesuccessfullycompletedaspecificcourseofstudy,doingsoatacertainlevelofproficiency.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks:takingtests,writingpapersandreports,andsoforth.Yourperformanceisgenerallyassumedtocorrespondtotheknowledgeyouhaveacquiredandwillretain.Butthisassumption,aswebothknow,isquestionable;itmaywellbethatyouveactuallygottenmuchmoreoutofthecoursethanyourgradeindicatesorless.,Detailedreading4,Detailedreading,4,Detailedreading5,Lackingmoreprecisemeasurementtools,wemustinterpretyourBasaratherfuzzysymbolatbest,representingaquestionablejudgmentofyourmasteryofthesubject.,Detailedreading,Yourgradedoesnotrepresentajudgmentofyourbasicabilityorofyourcharacter.Courage,kindness,wisdom,goodhumorthesearetheimportantcharacteristicsofourspecies.Unfortunatelytheyarenotpartofourcurriculum.Buttheyareimportant:cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.,5,Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Thedistinctionisoneweshouldalwayskeepinmind.IfirstlearnedityearsagowhenIgotoutoftheserviceandwentbacktocollege.Therewerealotofusthen:olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon,impatientwiththetestsandritualsofacademiclife.Notaneasygrouptohandle.,Detailedreading6,Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevaluedandfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.YourBisapricetagonagarmentthatisquiteseparatefromtheliving,breathinghumanbeingunderneath.,Detailedreading,6,Detailedreading7,Oneinstructorhandledusverywisely,itseemstome.OnSundayeveningsinparticular,hewouldmakeapointofstoppinginatalocalbarfrequentedbymanyoftheGI-Billstudents.Therehewouldsitanddrink,joke,andswapstorieswithmeninhisclass,menwhohadbutrecentlyputawaytheiruniformsandidentities:formerplatoonsergeants,bomberpilots,corporals,captains,lieutenants,commanders,majorsevenalieutenantcolonel,asIrecall.Theyenjoyedhiscompanygreatly,ashetheirs.Thenextmorninghewouldwalkintoclassandgivethesesamemenatest.Ahardtest.Atestonwhichheusuallyflunkedabouthalfofthem.,Detailedreading,7,Oddlyenough,themenwhomheflunkeddidnotresentit.Nordidtheyresenthimforshiftingsuddenlyfromafriendlygeartoacoerciveone.Rather,theylovedhim,workedharderandharderathiscourseasthesemestermovedalong,andendedupwithagoodgraspofhissubjecteconomics.Thetechniqueisstillratherdifficultformetoexplain;butIbelieveitcanbedescribedasoneinwhichacleardistinctionwasmadebetweenthestudentasclassroomperformerandthestudentashumanbeing.Agooddistinctiontomake.AdistinctionthatshouldputyourBinperspectiveandyourdisappointment.,Detailedreading8,Detailedreading,8,Detailedreading9,Perspective.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy,sufferingandachievement.Warfare,sickness,disasterspublicandprivatethesearethelargercoordinatesoflife.Torecognizethemistorecognizethatsociallabelsarebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading.Itistruethattheselabelsarenecessaryinthefunctioningofacomplexsocietyasawayoflettingusknowwhoshouldbetrustedtodowhat,withtheresultthatweneedtomakedistinctionsonthebasisofgrades,degrees,ranks,andresponsibility.,Detailedreading,9,Detailedreading10,Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms,eitherinthewaywelookatothersorinthewaywelookatourselves.,Detailedreading,Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.ImwellawarethatBstudentstendtogetBsinthecoursestheytakelateron,justasAstudentstendtogetAs.Butacademicworkisanarrow,neatlydefinedhighwaycomparedtotheunmappedrollingcountryyourwillencounterafteryouleaveschool.,10,Detailedreading10,Whatyouhavelearnedmayhelpyoufindyourwayaboutatfirst;lateronyouwillhavetoshifttoyourself,locatinggoalsandopportunitiesinthesamefogthathampersusallaswemovetowardthefuture.,Detailedreading,2.What,accordingtotheauthor,hascausedthefeelingofdisappointment?,Ithastodowiththegeneralsocialclimatewheregradesdetermineeligibilityforgraduateschoolandspecialprograms.Thisiswhytheauthorsaysthereisnothinghecandotoremovethefeelingofdisappointment.,1.Whatchangeaboutgradeshastheauthormentionedbriefly?,Detailedreading1-Quesion1.1,Theauthorhasmentionedbrieflythechangeinthewaygradesareregarded,i.e.thenormhasshiftedupward.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1-Quesion1.3,Detailedreading,3.Hastheauthorstatedhispurposeofwritinginthisparagraph?Ifyes,whatisit?Ifnot,whereisitstatedinthetext?,Thepurposeofwritingtheletterisnotstatedinthisparagraph.Itisnotspecificallymentioneduntilthethirdparagraph.,1.Howdoestheauthorexplainthenotionofdisappointment?,Detailedreading1-Quesion2.1,RefertoParagraph2.Disappointmentisanegativefeeling.Itisthestuffbaddreamsaremadeof.Whatdeservesourattentionhereisthattheauthorexplainsdisappointmentinrelationtosuccess.,Detailedreading,Theredoesnotexistthesituationinwhichallthosewhoareinvolvedwillturnoutsuccessfulandnoonefeelsdisappointed.Wherevertherearewinners,therearelosers.Whensomeonefeelshappyabouthissuccess,someoneelsemayfeeldisappointedathisfailure.Inahighlycompetitivesocietywheretheimportanceofwinningisemphasizedsomuch,itisinevitablethatthosewhofailinthecompetitionwillfeeldisappointed.,Detailedreading1-Quesion2.2,2.HowdoyouinterpretthesecondsentenceinParagraph2“Theessenceofsuccessisthat”?,Detailedreading,Whatdoesthephrase“putsth.inperspective”mean?,Detailedreading1-Quesion3,Itmeans“judgetheimportanceofsth.correctly.”Sowhattheauthorwantstodoistoshowthestudentshowtheyshouldregard/viewtheirdisappointmentcorrectly.,Detailedreading,Trytofindoutwhatagrademeansandwhatitdoesnotmean.,Detailedreading1-Quesion5,Itmeansthesuccessfulcompletionofaspecificcourseatacertainlevelofproficiency.Itisanindicationofthestudentsperformanceofsomeconventionaltasks.However,itmaynotbeatruthfulindicationofthestudentsknowledge.Itdoesnotrepresentajudgmentofthestudentsbasicabilityorofhischaracter.,Detailedreading,1.Whatistheauthorsviewconcerningsociallabels?,Detailedreading1-Quesion9,Sociallabelsareontheonehandirrelevantandmisleadingandontheotherhandnecessaryinacomplexsociety.,Detailedreading,2.Howdoyouinterpretthesentence“Torecognizethemistorecognizethatsociallabelsarebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading”?,Detailedreading1-Quesion9,Ifweareawarethathumanbeings,despitetheirapparentdifferences,arebasicallyidenticalphysicallyandemotionally,wewouldthinkdefinitelythatthesociallabelsusedtodistinguishthemareirrelevant,i.e.meaningless,andmisleading,i.e.distortingthefact.,Detailedreading,Howdoestheauthorrelateastudentsacademicperformancewithhisfuturelife?,Detailedreading1-Quesion10,Whileastudentsperformanceatschoolmaybequiteconsistentthroughouthisschoolyearsandwhathehaslearnedatschoolmayhelphimafterheleavesschool,inthelongrunhewilldependmuchmoreonhimself,i.e.hewillhavetolearntofindhiswaywhentravelinginhislifepath.AgradeBstudentmayturnouttobeagradeAlifeachiever.,Detailedreading,normn.1)anacceptedstandardorawayofbehavingordoingthingsthatmostpeopleagreewith,Detailedreading1norm,e.g.,Youmustadapttothenormsofthesocietyyoulivein.,Derivation:,normala.normallyad.normalizev.normalizationn.,Detailedreading,2)thenorm=asituationortypeofbehaviorthatisexpectedandconsideredtobetypical,e.g.,Onechildperfamilyisfastbecomingthenorminsomecountries.,shiftvt.weakness,e.g.,IalwayssufferfromfeelingsofinadequacywhenImwithhim.,Detailedreading1inadequacy2,Detailedreading,Derivation:,inadequatea.inadequatelyad.,Antonym:,adequacy,Detailedreading1inadequacy3,Detailedreading,Exercise:Usethefollowingwordstofillintheblanks.,1.Unemploymentcanoftencausefeelingsofandlowself-esteem.2.Hedoubtedherforthejob.3.Willfutureoilsuppliesbetomeetworldneeds?4.Whilesomepatientscanbecaredforathome,othersarebestservedbycareinahospital.5.Ourscientificresearchisfunded.,inadequacy,_,inadequacyinadequatelyadequacyadequateadequately,inadequately,_,adequacy,_,adequate,_,adequately,_,Detailedreading1-essence,essencen.themostbasicandimportantideaorquality,e.g.,Theessenceofhisargumentwasthateducationshouldcontinuethroughoutlife.Yetchangeistheveryessenceoflife.,Detailedreading,Collocation:,inessence本质上，大体上,oftheessence非常重要的，不可缺少的,e.g.,Inessence,bothsidesagreeontheissue.,e.g.,Inanyofthesediscussions,ofcourse,honestyisoftheessence.,Detailedreading1essence,Derivation:,essentiala.tobeoverwhelmed,Detailedreading1gounder,e.g.,Hisbusinesswentunderbecauseofcompetitionfromthelargecorporations.PoorDonaldsonhadnoheadforbusiness,anditwasnotlongbeforehewentunder.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1go/bebroke,Detailedreading,go/bebroketobecomepenniless;togobankrupt,e.g.,Thebusinesskeptlosingmoneyandfinallywentbroke.IcantaffordtogoonholidaythisyearImbroke.Alotofsmallbusinesseswentbrokeduringtherecession.经济不景气，很多小公司都倒闭了。,Detailedreading1perspective1,Detailedreading,perspectiven.awayofregardingsituations,facts,etc.,e.g.,Hisfathersdeathgavehimawholenewperspectiveonlife.Thenoveliswrittenfromtheperspectiveofachild.,Thebackgroundofthispictureisalloutofperspective.,Collocation:,in/outofperspective,e.g.,Heseesthingsintheirrightperspective.,e.g.,Detailedreading1perspective2,Detailedreading,Collocation:,put/see/viewsth.inperspectivetocomparesomethingtootherthingssothatitcanbeaccuratelyandfairlyjudgedget/keepsth.inperspectivetothinkaboutasituationorprobleminawiseandreasonableway,Youmustkeepthingsinperspectivetheoverallsituationisntreallythatbad.,e.g.,Detailedreading1takeatfacevalue1,takeatfacevaluetoacceptsomethingforwhatitappearstobe,e.g.,Shetookhisstoriesatfacevalueanddidnotknowhewasjoking.Ifyoutakehisremarksonlyattheirfacevalue,youwillnothaveunderstoodhisfullmeaning.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1takeatfacevalue2,Detailedreading,Translation:,1.如果这一生中我学会了一件事的话，那就是绝不要听什么就相信什么。2.我们不应只看到失败的表面，而要从失败中得出经验教训。,IfthereisonethingIhavelearnedinlife,itisnevertotakeanythingyouaretoldatfacevalue.,_,Weshouldnttakefailuresatfacevalue.Instead,weshouldlearnfromourfailures.,_,Detailedreading1beaptto1,Detailedreading,beapttotohavethetendencyto,e.g.,Acarelesspersonisapttomakemistakes.Mypenisratherapttoleak.,Synonym:,beinclinedtobelikelyto,Detailedreading1beaptto2,Detailedreading,Translation:,1.第一次来到异国的人往往感到自己周围的一切既陌生又有趣。2.正如醉汉易认为自己很是清醒，年轻人往往认为自己十分聪明。,Anyonewhohascometoaforeigncountryforthefirsttimeisapttofindeverythingaroundhimbothstrangeandinteresting.,_,Youngmenareapttothinkthemselveswiseenough,asdrunkenmenareapttothinkthemselvessoberenough.,_,Detailedreading1proficiency,Detailedreading,proficiencyn.skill;ability,e.g.,Itsaidinthejobadthattheywantedproficiencyinatleasttwolanguages.YouhavetotakeatestofproficiencyinEnglishbeforeyoucanapplyforthejob.,Derivation:,ficientlyad.,Collocation:,proficiencyinsth./doingsth.,Detailedreading1conventional,conventionala.traditionalandordinary,e.g.,conventionalbehavior/attitudes/clothes/methodIfindhisartratherdullandconventional.,Derivation:,conventionn.conventionallyad.conventionalizev.conventionalityn.,Antonym:,unconventional,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1correspondto,correspondtotomatch;tobesimilarorequalto,e.g.,Thewingofabirdcorrespondstothearmofaman.TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.,Detailedreading,Detailedreading1assumption1,Detailedreading,assumptionn.whatisthoughttobetrueorwillhappen,withoutanyrealproof,e.g.,Thesecalculationsarebasedontheassumptionthatpriceswillcontinuetorise.Imworkingontheassumptionthatthemoneywillcomethrough.,Collocation:,assumptionofsth.,Detailedreading1assumption2,Detailedreading,Translation:,1.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。2.看见不明飞行物时，有些人就设想在其他行星上有生命。,Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions.,_,SomepeopleassumethatthereislifeonotherplanetswhentheyseeUFOs.,_,Throughthisfailure,herealizedhispersonal2.Theofhisspeechisthatthisaccidentwillbringgreatimpactonthefactorysproduction.3.Hegavehiswifealuxuriouscartoherhardworkinbringingupchildren.,Detailedreading1Activity:,Detailedreading,Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthefollowingwordsorexpressions.,inadequacyassumptioncorrespondtoessenceoffsetconventionalgounderperspectiveproficiencybeaptto,inadequacy,_.,essence,_,offset,_,inadequacyassumptioncorrespondtoessenceoffsetconventionalgounderperspectiveproficiencybeaptto,Detailedreading,4.Agreatmanycompaniesinthefiercefinancialrisk.5.Everyoneseesthingsfromhisorherown6.Sheliveinthecountry,butherhusbandwantedtoliveinthecity.7.Tomsasaprofessoriswellknown.,wentunder,_,perspective,_.,wasaptto,_,proficienc